List of Suliformes by population

Last updated

This is a list of Suliformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

Contents

Suliformes include the following families: Sulidae (gannets and boobies), Fregatidae (frigatebirds), Phalacrocoracidae (cormorants), Anhingidae (darters), and the Plotopteridae (flightless seabirds of the North Pacific that went extinct in the Miocene).

The IOC World Bird List (version 15.1) recognizes 60 species of Suliformes, one of which is extinct. [1] As of December 2025, IUCN/BirdLife International have assessed 54 of these species (excepting Cocos booby and Imperial shag complex splits), 44 of which have population estimates. This list follows IUCN classifications for species names. Where IUCN classifications differ from other ornithological authorities, alternative names are noted.

Some members included in Suliformes are extinct:

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status TrendNotesImage
Rough-faced shag

(New Zealand king shag)

Phalacrocorax carunculatus250-999 [4] VU [4] Steady2.svg [4] Total population estimated to be 350-1,500 individuals. [4] King Shag - Picton - New Zealand (39124704222).jpg
Chatham Islands shag Leucocarbo onslowi710 [5] CR [5] Decrease2.svg [5] 20181001 ChathamsA9D3 444 DxO (cropped).jpg
Pitt Island shag

(Pitt shag)

Phalacrocorax featherstoni868 [6] EN [6] Decrease2.svg [6] Pitt Island Shag (52784949726).jpg
Bounty Island shag

(Bounty shag)

Leucocarbo ranfurlyi874-975 [7] VU [7] Steady2.svg [7] Leucocarbo-ranfurlyi-MATTERN 2.jpg
Flightless cormorant Nannopterum harrisi2,080 [8] VU [8] Steady2.svg [8] Value provided is for total population. [8] Flightless Cormorant (Phalacrocorax harrisi) -swimming2.jpg
Christmas Island frigatebird

(Christmas frigatebird)

Fregata andrewsi2,400-5,000 [9] VU [9] Decrease2.svg [9] Best estimate for breeding population is 3,700 mature individuals. [9] Christmas Island Frigatebird.JPG
Auckland Islands shag

(Auckland shag)

Leucocarbo colensoi3,000 [10] VU [10] Steady2.svg [10] Auckland Shag in breeding plumage from Enderby Island.jpg
Stewart Island shag Leucocarbo chalconotus3,300-5,300 [11] VU [11] Decrease2.svg [11] Numbers may be overestimated. [11] Stewart Island Shag.jpg
Crowned cormorant Microcarbo coronatus4,324 [12] LC [12] Steady2.svg [12] Crowned Cormorant, Phalacrocorax coronatus.jpg
Bank cormorant Phalacrocorax neglectus5,000 [13] EN [13] Decrease2.svg [13] Bank Cormorant at Living Coasts.jpg
Abbott's booby Papasula abbotti6,000 [14] EN [14] Steady2.svg [14] Abbott's Booby.jpg
Campbell Island shag

(Campbell shag)

Leucocarbo campbelli8,000 [15] VU [15] Steady2.svg [15] Estimate hasn't been updated since 1975. Value given is for total population, but may be more representative of number of mature individuals. [15] Campbell Shag, Campbell Island 02.jpg
Oriental darter Anhinga melanogaster10,000-99,999 [16] LC [16] Increase2.svg [16] No formal population estimate has been conducted, but "the population probably numbers at least in the tens of thousands." [16] Anhinga melanogaster -Rajasthan, India-8.jpg
Black-faced cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscescens10,000-99,999 [17] LC [17] ? [17] Total population "probably numbers several 10,000s of birds." [17] Black-faced Cormorant (Phalacrocorax fuscescens), Maria Island, Tasmania.jpg
Ascension frigatebird Fregata aquila17,000-21,000 [18] VU [18] Steady2.svg [18] Ascension Frigatebird.jpg
African darter Anhinga rufa17,000-84,400 [19] LC [19] Steady2.svg [19] African darter (Anhinga rufa) drying wings.jpg
Red-legged cormorant Poikilocarbo gaimardi19,400-20,300 [20] NT [20] Decrease2.svg [20] Phalacrocorax gaimardi 00.jpg
Nazca booby Sula granti20,000-49,999 [21] LC [21] Decrease2.svg [21] Minimum estimate. [21] Nazca-Booby.jpg
Great pied cormorant

(Australian pied cormorant)

Phalacrocorax varius23,300-83,300 [22] LC [22] ? [22] Total population is estimated to be 35,000-125,000 individuals. [22] PiedCormorant MC.jpg
Little black cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris23,300-683,000 [23] LC [23] ? [23] Total population is estimated to be 34,999-1,024,999 individuals. [23] Little Black Cormorant by Tisha Mukherjee 03.jpg
Japanese cormorant Phalacrocorax capillatus25,000-100,000 [24] LC [24] ? [24] Values given are for total population. [24] Phalacrocorax capillatus -head.jpg
Indian cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis30,000 [25] LC [25] ? [25] Value given is for total population. [25] Indian Cormorant (Phalacrocorax fuscicollis).jpg
Anhinga Anhinga anhinga33,300-133,000 [26] LC [26] ? [26] Anhinga (81435).jpg
Little pied cormorant Microcarbo melanoleucos36,000-201,000 [27] LC [27] ? [27] Values given are for total population. [27] Microcarbo melanoleucos Austins Ferry 3.jpg
Pygmy cormorant Microcarbo pygmaeus87,300-113,000 [28] LC [28] Increase2.svg [28] Phalacrocorax pygmeus 1 (Martin Mecnarowski).jpg
Blue-footed booby Sula nebouxii90,000 [29] LC [29] Decrease2.svg [29] Sula nebouxii -Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador-8 (1).jpg
Lesser frigatebird Fregata ariel100,000-499,999 [30] LC [30] Decrease2.svg [30] Values given are for total population. [30] Lesser frigatebird lei.jpg
Great frigatebird Fregata minor120,000 [31] LC [31] Decrease2.svg [31] Bindenfregattvogel (Fregata minor), Brutpaar (52950501651).jpg
Magnificent frigatebird Fregata magnificens130,000 [32] LC [32] Decrease2.svg [32] Magnificent Frigatebird (Fregata magnificens) (20350243372).jpg
Long-tailed cormorant

(Reed cormorant)

Microcarbo africanus134,000-802,000 [33] LC [33] Steady2.svg [33] Total population is estimated to be 200,500-1,202,500 individuals. [33] Long-tailed cormorant (Microcarbo africanus).jpg
Little cormorant Microcarbo niger183,000-233,000 [34] LC [34] ? [34] Total population is estimated to be 275,000-350,000 individuals. [34] Microcarbo niger - Laem Pak Bia.jpg
Brown booby Sula leucogaster>200,000 [35] LC [35] Decrease2.svg [35] Minimum estimate. [35]

Note that IOC taxonomy splits an additional species, the Cocos booby, from this species. [1]

IUCN/BirdLife International maintain both species within S. leucogaster. [36]

Brown booby.jpg
Red-faced cormorant Urile urile>200,000 [37] LC [37] Decrease2.svg [37] Minimum estimate. [37] Phalacrocorax urile from iNaturalist photo 204082936.jpg
Socotra cormorant Phalacrocorax nigrogularis220,000 [38] VU [38] Decrease2.svg [38] Socotra Cormorant.jpg
Brandt's cormorant Urile penicillatus230,000 [39] LC [39] Decrease2.svg [39] Value provided is for total population. [39] Brandt's Cormorant in breeding plumage.jpg
European shag Gulosus aristotelis230,000-240,000 [40] LC [40] Decrease2.svg [40] Values provided are for total population. [40] European shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis).jpg
Cape cormorant Phalacrocorax capensis234,000 [41] EN [41] Steady2.svg [41] Cape Cormorant RWD2.jpg
Cape gannet Morus capensis246,000 [42] EN [42] Decrease2.svg [42] Mature population only (123,080 pairs). [42] Lamberts Bay P1010338.JPG
Peruvian booby Sula variegata1,200,000 [43] LC [43] Steady2.svg [43] Values given are for total population. [43] PeruvianBooby.jpg
Red-footed booby Sula sula1,400,000 [44] LC [44] Decrease2.svg [44] Minimum estimate. [44] Sula sula by Gregg Yan 02.jpg
Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo1,400,000-2,100,000 [45] LC [45] Increase2.svg [45] Values given are for total population. [45] Phalacrocorax carbo Austins Ferry 1.jpg
Northern gannet Morus bassanus1,500,000-1,800,000 [46] LC [46] Increase2.svg [46] Northern Gannet 2006 2.jpg
Neotropical cormorant

(Neotropic cormorant)

Nannopterum brasilianum2,000,000 [47] LC [47] Increase2.svg [47] Values given are for total population. [47] Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Costa Rica).jpg
Guanay cormorant Leucocarbo bougainvilliorum2,500,000 – 4,999,999 [48] NT [48] Decrease2.svg [48] Values given are for total population. [47] Phalacrocorax bougainvillii1.jpg

Species without population estimates

Common name Binomial name Population Status TrendNotesImage
Australasian darter Anhinga novaehollandiaeunknown [49] LC [49] Steady2.svg [49] Anhinga novaehollandiae snake necked.jpg
Imperial shag Leucocarbo atricepsunknown [50] LC [50] ? [50] Note that IOC taxonomy splits five additional species, the South Georgia shag, Crozet shag, Antarctic shag, Heard Island shag, and Macquarie shag from this species. [1]

IUCN/BirdLife International maintain all species within L. atriceps. [36]

Phalacrocorax atriceps2 B.jpg
Rock shag

(Magellanic cormorant)

Leucocarbo magellanicusunknown [51] LC [51] ? [51] Magellanic Cormorant chick asking for food (5525332414).jpg
Kerguelen Islands shag

(Kerguelen shag)

Leucocarbo verrucosusunknown [52] LC [52] ? [52] 2020-11 Kerguelen Islands - Kerguelen shag 12.jpg
Australasian gannet Morus serratorunknown [53] LC [53] Increase2.svg [53] Morus serrator - Derwent River Estuary.jpg
Double-crested cormorant Nannopterum auritumunknown [54] LC [54] Increase2.svg [54] Breeding Double-Crested Cormorant.jpg
Masked booby Sula dactylatraunknown [55] LC [55] Decrease2.svg [55] Masked booby 23.jpg
Spotted shag Phalacrocorax punctatusunknown [56] LC [56] ? [56] Spotted shag. (Stictocarbo punctatus) (33306761206) (cropped).jpg
Pelagic cormorant Urile pelagicusunknown [57] LC [57] Decrease2.svg [57] Several national population estimates exist, but there is not enough data to form an estimate for global population. [57] Pelagic Cormorant (breeding plumage) (40291987213).jpg


See also

References

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  2. Ashworth, James (2024). "Rediscovering the world's largest cormorant". London Natural History Museum. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  3. BirdLife International (2023). "Urile perspicillatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22696750A226827998. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22696750A226827998.en . Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  4. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International. (2023). "Leucocarbo carunculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22696846A217914197. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22696846A217914197.en . Retrieved 22 August 2025.
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  8. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International. (2018). "Nannopterum harrisi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22696756A133546087. Retrieved 22 August 2025.
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