List of Gruiformes by population

This is a list of Gruiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

This list is not comprehensive, as not all Gruiformes have had their numbers quantified.

The IOC World Bird List (version 15.1) recognizes 190 species of Gruiformes. ^[1] This list follows IUCN classifications for species names and taxonomy. Where IUCN classifications differ from other ornithological authorities, alternative names and taxonomies are noted.

Some species included as members of Gruiformes are extinct:

• North island takahē (Porphyrio mantelli) - last observed in 1894. ^[2]
• Réunion rail (Dryolimnas augusti) - last observed circa 1670. ^[3]
• Hawkin's rail (Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi) - went extinct in the latter half of 19th century. ^[4]
• Chatham Islands rail (Cabalus modestus) - last observed between 1895-1900. ^[5]
• Bar-winged rail (Hypotaenidia poeciloptera) - last observed in 1890. ^[6]
• Dieffenbach's rail (Hypotaenidia dieffenbachii) - last observed in 1840. ^[7]
• Tahiti rail (Hypotaenidia pacifica) - went extinct some time during the 1930s. ^[8]
• Wake Island rail (Hypotaenidia wakensis) - last observed in 1945. ^[9]

Species by global population

Common name	Binomial name	Population	Status	Trend	Notes	Image
Samoan moorhen (Samoan woodhen)	Gallinula pacifica	0-49 [10]	CR [10]	? [10]	May be extinct. Last confirmed record in 1873; recent surveys have returned no evidence of an extant population. [10] IUCN/BirdLife International place species in genus Pareudiastes.
Makira woodhen	Gallinula silvestris	1-49 [11]	CR [11]	? [11]	Last undisputed scientific observation occurred in 1953; however, unconfirmed sightings as recently as 2014 indicate the species persists in small numbers. [11] IUCN/BirdLife International place species in genus Pareudiastes.
New Caledonian rail	Gallirallus lafresnayanus	1-49 [12]	CR [12]	? [12]	May be extinct. Last confirmed sighting in 1890, and no unconfirmed sightings since 1984. [12]
Guam rail	Hypotaenidia owstoni	1-49 [13]	CR [13]	[13]	Species was formerly extinct in the wild. A reintroduced population is now established on Cocos. [13]
Buff-breasted buttonquail	Turnix olivii	1-249 [14]	CR [14]	? [14]	May be extinct. Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 1-49. [14]
Zapata rail	Mustelirallus cerverai	50-249 [15]	CR [15]	[15]	Total population is estimated to be 70-400 individuals. [15] IUCN/BirdLife International place species in genus Cyanolimnas.
White-winged flufftail	Sarothrura ayresi	50-249 [16]	CR [16]	[16]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 226. [16]
South Island takahē (Takahē)	Porphyrio hochstetteri	50-249 [17]	EN [17]	[17]	Total population is estimated to be 418 individuals. [17]
Whooping crane	Grus americana	50-249 [18]	EN [18]	[18]	Total wild population is 483 individuals; the only self-sustaining breeding population contains 329 individuals, of whom less than 250 are mature. [18]
Masked finfoot	Heliopais personatus	108-304 [19]	CR [19]	[19]
Lord Howe woodhen	Hypotaenidia sylvestris	200-286 [20]	EN [20]	[20]	Endemic to Lord Howe Island. Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 230. [20]
Plain-flanked rail	Rallus wetmorei	200-1,000 [21]	EN [21]	[21]
Sakalava rail	Zapornia olivieri	250-999 [22]	EN [22]	[22]
Slender-billed flufftail	Sarothrura watersi	250-999 [23]	NT [23]	[23]
Okinawa rail	Hypotaenidia okinawae	480 [24]	EN [24]	[24]	Total population is estimated to be 720 individuals. [24]
Talaud rail	Gymnocrex talaudensis	500-2,500 [25]	EN [25]	[25]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 500-1,000. [25]
Chestnut-headed flufftail	Sarothrura lugens	670-6,700 [26]	LC [26]	[26]	Total population is estimated to be 1,000-10,000 individuals. [26]
Rusty-flanked crake	Laterallus levraudi	1,000-2,499 [27]	VU [27]	[27]	Total population is estimated to be 1,500-3,750 individuals. [27]
Austral rail	Rallus antarcticus	1,000-9,999 [28]	VU [28]	[28]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 2,500-9,999. [28]
Rufous-faced crake	Laterallus xenopterus	1,000-10,000 [29]	VU [29]	[29]
Hawaiian coot	Fulica alai	1,250-1,750 [30]	NT [30]	[30]	Total population is estimated to be, at minimum, 1,248– 2,577 individuals. [30]
New Britain rail (Pink-legged rail)	Hypotaenida insignis	1,500-7,000 [31]	NT [31]	[31]	Total population is estimated to be 2,500-9,999 individuals. [31]
Rouget's rail	Rougetius rougetii	1,500-7,000 [32]	NT [32]	[32]	Total population is estimated to be 2,500-9,999 individuals. [32]
Madagascar rail	Rallus madagascariensis	1,600-6,700 [33]	VU [33]	[33]	Total population is estimated to be 2,500-10,000 individuals. [33]
Auckland Island rail (Auckland rail)	Lewinia muelleri	2,000 [34]	VU [34]	[34]
Red-crowned crane	Grus japonensis	2,000-2,650 [35]	VU [35]	[35]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 2,300. [35]
Calayan rail	Aptenorallus calayanensis	2,500-6,000 [36]	VU [36]	[36]
Tsingy forest rail	Mentocrex beankaensis	2,500-9,999 [37]	VU [37]	[37]
Roviana rail	Hypotaenida rovianae	2,500-9,999 [38]	LC [38]	[38]	Population estimated is considered to be outdated. [38]
Talaud bush-hen	Amaurornis magnirostris	2,500-20,000 [39]	VU [39]	[39]
Black-breasted buttonquail	Turnix melanogaster	3,000-6,500 [40]	VU [40]	[40]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 4,800. [40]
Galapagos rail (Galapagos crake)	Laterallus spilonota	3,300-6,700 [41]	VU [41]	[41]	Total population is estimated to be 5,000-10,000 individuals. [41]
Siberian crane	Leucogeranus leucogeranus	3,500-4,000 [42]	CR [42]	[42]	Values given are for total population. [42]
Bogotá rail	Rallus semiplumbeus	3,700 [43]	VU [43]	[43]	Total population is estimated to be 5,600 individuals. [43]
White-naped crane	Antigone vipio	3,700-4,500 [44]	VU [44]	[44]	Total population is estimated to be 6,250-6,750 individuals. [44] IUCN/BirdLife International place species in genus Grus.
Henderson Island crake (Red-eyed crake)	Zapornia atra	3,800-8,400 [45]	VU [45]	[45]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 6,400 individuals. To population is estimated to be 8,513 individuals. [45]
Junin rail (Junin crake)	Laterallus tuerosi	4,100 [46]	EN [46]	[46]	Note that IOC taxonomy treats this species as a subspecies of black rail (L. jamaicensis). [1]
Horned coot	Fulica cornuta	5,000-25,000 [47]	NT [47]	[47]
White-throated rail	Dryolimnas cuvieri	5,099-7,499 [48]	LC [48]	? [48]	Values are for total population. Likely a large underestimate, as numbers do not include an estimate for Madagascar, which composes the majority of the species' range. [48]
Inaccessible Island rail	Laterallus rogersi	5,460-7,320 [49]	VU [49]	[49]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 6,180. Total population is estimated to be 9,100 - 12,200 individuals. [49]
Wattled crane	Grus carunculata	6,000-6,300 [50]	VU [50]	[50]	Total population is estimated to be 9,000-10,000 individuals. [50] IUCN/BirdLife International give the binomial name Bugeranus carunculatus.
Black-necked crane	Grus nigricollis	6,600-6,800 [51]	NT [51]	[51]	Total population is estimated to be 10,000-10,200 individuals. [51]
Andaman crake	Rallina canningi	6,700-17,000 [52]	LC [52]	[52]	Total population is estimated to be 10,000-25,000 individuals. [52]
Yellow rail	Coturnicops noveboracensis	6,700-17,000 [53]	LC [53]	[53]	Total population is estimated to be 10,000-25,000 individuals. [53]
Madagascar flufftail	Sarothrura insularis	6,700-66,700 [54]	LC [54]	? [54]	Total population is estimated to be 10,000-100,000 individuals. [54]
Spotted rail	Pardirallus maculatus	7,000-18,000 [55]	LC [55]	[55]	Total population is estimated to be 11,000-26,700 individuals. Population may be larger than estimated. [55]
Yellow-breasted crake	Laterallus flaviventer	>7,000 [56]	LC [56]	? [56]
Dot-winged crake	Laterallus spilopterus	8,000-19,999 [57]	NT [57]	[57]
Gough Island moorhen (Gough moorhen)	Gallinula comeri	8,500 [58]	VU [58]	[58]	Total population is estimated to be 13,000 individuals. Note that there are ~4,000 additional mature individuals on Tristan da Cunha, but they are introduced, and thus not counted in IUCN estimates. [58]
Hooded crane	Grus monacha	9,750-13,000 [59]	VU [59]	[59]	Total population is estimated to be 15,000-18,000 individuals. [59]
Ridgway's rail	Rallus obsoletus	10,000-19,999 [60]	NT [60]	[60]
Slaty-breasted wood-rail	Aramides saracura	10,000-25,000 [61]	LC [61]	[61]
African crake	Crex egregia	10,000-1,000,000 [62]	LC [62]	? [62]	Values given are for total population, but estimate is considered to be outdated. [62]
Buff-banded rail	Hypotaenidia philippensis	10,600-141,000 [63]	LC [63]	[63]	Total population is estimated to be 15,850-210,991 individuals. [63]
Blackish rail	Pardirallus nigricans	13,300-73,300 [64]	LC [64]	? [64]	Total population is estimated to be 20,000-110,000 individuals. [64]
Mexican rail (Aztec rail)	Rallus tenuirostris	15,000 [65]	NT [65]	[65]
Brown wood-rail	Aramides wolfi	>15,000 [66]	LC [66]	[66]	No formal estimates have been quantified. Values assume a very conservative species density from limited surveys. [66]
Sarus crane	Antigone antigone	15,000-17,500 [67]	VU [67]	[67]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 16,000. [67] IUCN/BirdLife International still place species in genus Grus.
Blue crane	Grus paradisea	17,000-30,000 [68]	VU [68]	[68]	Total population is estimated to be 25,550-45,132 individuals. [68] IUCN/BirdLife International give the binomial name Anthropoides paradiseus.
Grey crowned crane	Balearica regulorum	20,100-24,600 [69]	EN [69]	[69]	Total population is estimated to be 30,200-36,900 individuals. [69]
African finfoot	Podica senegalensis	30,000-823,000 [70]	LC [70]	? [70]	Total population is estimated to be 45,002-1,235,000 individuals. [70]
Black crowned crane	Balearica pavonina	44,000-74,000 [71]	VU [71]	[71]	Total population is estimated to be 66,000-111,000 individuals. [71]
Russet-naped wood-rail	Aramides albiventris	50,000-499,999 [72]	LC [72]	[72]
Rufous-necked wood-rail	Aramides axillaris	50,000-499,999 [73]	LC [73]	[73]
Uniform crake	Amaurolimnas concolor	50,000-499,999 [74]	LC [74]	[74]
Paint-billed crake	Mustelirallus erythrops	50,000-499,999 [75]	LC [75]	? [75]	IUCN/BirdLife International place species in genus Neocrex.
Ruddy crake	Laterallus ruber	50,000-499,999 [76]	LC [76]	[76]
Mangrove rail	Rallus longirostris	50,000-500,000 [77]	LC [77]	[77]
Ash-throated crake	Mustelirallus albicollis	66,700-667,000 [78]	LC [78]	[78]	Total population is estimated to be 99,999-999,999 individuals. [78] IUCN/BirdLife International place species in genus Porzana.
Giant wood-rail	Aramides ypecaha	66,700-667,000 [79]	LC [79]	[79]	Total population is estimated to be 100,000-1,000,000 individuals. [79]
King rail	Rallus elegans	69,000 [80]	NT [80]	[80]
Weka	Gallirallus australis	71,000-118,000 [81]	VU [81]	[81]	Total population is estimated to be 107,000-177,000 individuals. [81]
Spot-flanked gallinule	Porphyriops melanops	73,300-735,000 [82]	LC [82]	[82]	Total population is estimated to be 110,001-1,102,500 individuals. [82]
Virginia rail	Rallus limicola	100,000-499,999 [83]	LC [83]	[83]	Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 240,000. [83] Note that IOC taxonomy splits an additional species, the Ecuadorian rail, from this species. [1] IUCN/BirdLife International maintain both species within R.limicola. [84]
Clapper rail	Rallus crepitans	210,000 [85]	LC [86]	[86]	IUCN/BirdLife International do not report a population estimate, citing recent taxonomic splits. [86] Estimate is available through Partners in Flight. [85]
Demoiselle crane	Grus virgo	230,000-261,000 [87]	LC [87]	[87]	Values given are for total population. [87] IUCN/BirdLife International place species in genus Anthropoides.
Common crane	Grus grus	479,000-572,000 [88]	LC [88]	[88]	Total population is estimated to be 718,160-858,240 individuals. [88]
Sungrebe	Heliornis fulica	500,000-4,999,999 [89]	LC [89]	[89]
Western water rail (Water rail)	Rallus aquaticus	628,000-1,300,000 [90]	LC [90]	? [90]
Red-gartered coot	Fulica armillata	667,000 [91]	LC [91]	? [91]	Total population is estimated to be 1.0 million individuals. [91]
White-winged coot	Fulica leucoptera	667,000 [92]	LC [92]	[92]	Total population is estimated to be 1.0 million individuals. [92]
Black crake	Zapornia flavirostra	667,000 [93]	LC [93]	[93]	Total population is estimated to be 1.0 million individuals. [93]
Limpkin	Aramus guarauna	672,000-687,000 [94]	LC [94]	[94]	Total population is estimated to be 1,008,749-1,029,799 individuals. [94]
Plumbeous rail	Pardirallus sanguinolentus	683,000-1,340,000 [95]	LC [95]	[95]	Total population is estimated to be 1,024,998-2,009,998 individuals. [95]
Corncrake	Crex crex	3,270,000-5,270,000 [96]	LC [96]	[96]	Total population is estimated to be 4.9-7.9 million individuals. [96]
Grey-cowled wood-rail	Aramides cajaneus	5,000,000-50,000,000 [97]	LC [97]	[97]
American coot	Fulica americana	7,100,000 [98]	LC [98]	[98]
Common moorhen	Gallinula chloropus	9,069,000-13,527,000 [99]	LC [99]	[99]

Species without population estimates

Common name	Binomial name	Population	Status	Trend	Notes	Image
Brown-banded rail (Luzon rail)	Lewinia mirifica	unknown [100]	DD [100]	? [100]	Species is only known from a handful of records; not enough data to make an assessment of status or population. [100]
Colombian crake	Mustelirallus colombianus	unknown [101]	DD [101]	? [101]	Range has not been completely identified, and too few observations exist to make an assessment of status or population. [101] IUCN/BirdLife International place species in genus Neocrex.
Snoring rail	Aramidopsis plateni	unknown [102]	VU [102]	[102]
Invisible rail	Habroptila wallacii	unknown [103]	VU [103]	[103]
White-breasted waterhen	Amaurornis phoenicurus	unknown [104]	LC [104]	? [104]
Red-winged wood-rail	Aramides calopterus	unknown [105]	LC [105]	? [105]
Little wood-rail	Aramides mangle	unknown [106]	LC [106]	? [106]
Grey-throated rail	Canirallus oculeus	unknown [107]	LC [107]	[107]
Swinhoe's rail	Coturnicops exquisitus	unknown [108]	LC [108]	[108]
Chestnut rail	Eulabeornis castaneoventris	unknown [109]	LC [109]	? [109]
Blue-faced rail	Gymnocrex rosenbergii	unknown [110]	LC [110]	[110]	Population size is unknown, but it is not expected to be small. [110]
Barred rail	Hypotaenidia torquata	unknown [111]	LC [111]	? [111]
Guadalcanal rail (Woodford's rail)	Hypotaenidia woodfordi	unknown [112]	LC [112]	? [112]	Population was previously estimated to be 2,500-9,999 mature individuals, but this was not based on any data. Current population is unknown pending surveys. [112]
Lewin's rail	Lewinia pectoralis	unknown [113]	LC [113]	? [113]
Slaty-breasted rail	Lewinia striata	unknown [114]	LC [114]	? [114]
Madagascar forest rail	Mentocrex kioloides	unknown [115]	LC [115]	[115]	Population was previously estimated to be 1,000-2,000 individuals, but this is likely a large underestimate. Population is now considered unknown, pending more data. [115]
Forbes's forest rail	Rallicula forbesi	unknown [116]	LC [116]	? [116]
White-striped forest rail	Rallicula leucospila	unknown [117]	LC [117]	[117]
Mayr's forest rail	Rallicula mayri	unknown [118]	LC [118]
Chestnut forest rail	Rallicula rubra	unknown [119]	LC [119]	? [119]
African rail	Rallus caerulescens	unknown [120]	LC [120]	? [120]
Eastern water rail (Brown-cheeked rail)	Rallus indicus	unknown [121]	LC [121]	? [121]
Chestnut-headed crake	Rufirallus castaneiceps	unknown [122]	LC [122]	? [122]
Striped flufftail	Sarothrura affinis	unknown [123]	LC [123]	[123]
Streaky-breasted flufftail	Sarothrura boehmi	unknown [124]	LC [124]	? [124]	Population has not been quantified due to the cryptic nature of the species, but population is not expected to be small. [124]
Buff-spotted flufftail	Sarothrura elegans	unknown [125]	LC [125]	? [125]
White-spotted flufftail	Sarothrura pulchra	unknown [126]	LC [126]	[126]
Red-chested flufftail	Sarothrura rufa	unknown [127]	LC [127]	[127]
Sumba buttonquail	Turnix everetti	unknown [128]	LC [128]	[128]

See also

• Biology portal
• Birds portal

• Lists of birds by population
• Lists of organisms by population

References

1. "Finfoots, flufftails, rails, trumpeters, cranes, Limpkin – IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
2. BirdLife International (2023). "Porphyrio mantelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22728833A230909124. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22728833A230909124.en .
3. BirdLife International (2024). "Dryolimnas augusti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T62258591A261999490. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T62258591A261999490.en .
4. BirdLife International (2023). "Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22733394A228030708. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22733394A228030708.en .
5. BirdLife International (2023). "Cabalus modestus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22728873A228867194. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22728873A228867194.en .
6. BirdLife International (2023). "Hypotaenidia poeciloptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22728740A228869111. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22728740A228869111.en .
7. BirdLife International (2023). "Hypotaenidia dieffenbachii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22692455A229313877. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22692455A229313877.en .
8. BirdLife International (2023). "Hypotaenidia pacifica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22692450A229345916. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22692450A229345916.en .
9. BirdLife International (2023). "Hypotaenidia wakensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22692447A229310288. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22692447A229310288.en .
10. BirdLife International (2025). "Pareudiastes pacificus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692854A269841585. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692854A269841585.en .
11. BirdLife International (2025). "Pareudiastes silvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692857A250181169. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692857A250181169.en .
12. BirdLife International (2025). "Gallirallus lafresnayanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692388A213589718. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692388A213589718.en .
13. BirdLife International (2019). "Hypotaenidia owstoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019 e.T22692441A156506469. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22692441A156506469.en .
14. BirdLife International (2022). "Turnix olivii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22680572A210960314. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22680572A210960314.en .
15. BirdLife International (2020). "Cyanolimnas cerverai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22692737A178679046. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22692737A178679046.en .
16. BirdLife International (2021). "Sarothrura ayresi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692245A179602552. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692245A179602552.en .
17. BirdLife International (2020). "Porphyrio hochstetteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22692808A170983662. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22692808A170983662.en .
18. BirdLife International (2020). "Grus americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22692156A181242855. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22692156A181242855.en .
19. BirdLife International (2022). "Heliopais personatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22692181A181604713. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22692181A181604713.en .
20. BirdLife International (2022). "Hypotaenidia sylvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22692395A212806713. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22692395A212806713.en .
21. BirdLife International (2025). "Rallus wetmorei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692476A278258462. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692476A278258462.en .
22. BirdLife International (2021). "Zapornia olivieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692654A194884811. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692654A194884811.en .
23. BirdLife International (2022). "Sarothrura watersi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22692250A194662220. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22692250A194662220.en .
24. BirdLife International (2021). "Hypotaenidia okinawae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692412A181706825. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692412A181706825.en .
25. BirdLife International (2025). "Gymnocrex talaudensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22728616A271335107. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22728616A271335107.en .
26. BirdLife International (2022). "Sarothrura lugens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22692227A209390425. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22692227A209390425.en .
27. BirdLife International (2018). "Laterallus levraudi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22692340A131379965. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22692340A131379965.en .
28. BirdLife International (2021). "Rallus antarcticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692486A197497364. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692486A197497364.en .
29. BirdLife International (2025). "Laterallus xenopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692374A277450166. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692374A277450166.en .
30. BirdLife International (2023). "Fulica alai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22692920A218635331. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22692920A218635331.en .
31. BirdLife International (2018). "Hypotaenidia insignis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22692421A131928979. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22692421A131928979.en .
32. BirdLife International (2021). "Rougetius rougetii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692548A194830100. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692548A194830100.en .
33. BirdLife International (2021). "Rallus madagascariensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692504A189742097. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692504A189742097.en .
34. BirdLife International (2022). "Lewinia muelleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22692529A209458380. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22692529A209458380.en .
35. BirdLife International (2022). "Grus japonensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22692167A213488064.
36. BirdLife International (2025). "Aptenorallus calayanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22732059A218730958. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22732059A218730958.en .
37. BirdLife International (2021). "Mentocrex beankaensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22724980A179322914. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22724980A179322914.en .
38. BirdLife International (2023). "Hypotaenidia rovianae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22692438A210643971. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22692438A210643971.en .
39. BirdLife International (2025). "Amaurornis magnirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22732147A271335519. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22732147A271335519.en .
40. BirdLife International (2022). "Turnix melanogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22680556A211931315. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22680556A211931315.en .
41. BirdLife International (2020). "Laterallus spilonota". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22692366A181476400. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22692366A181476400.en .
42. BirdLife International (2018). "Leucogeranus leucogeranus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22692053A134180990. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22692053A134180990.en .
43. BirdLife International (2021). "Rallus semiplumbeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692482A199129240. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692482A199129240.en .
44. BirdLife International (2018). "Antigone vipio". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22692073A131927305. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22692073A131927305.en .
45. BirdLife International (2022). "Zapornia atra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22692711A213098423. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22692711A213098423.en .
46. BirdLife International (2021). "Laterallus tuerosi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692358A179689310. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692358A179689310.en .
47. BirdLife International (2025). "Fulica cornuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692946A277064791. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692946A277064791.en .
48. BirdLife International (2025). "Dryolimnas cuvieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692535A280965869. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692535A280965869.en .
49. BirdLife International (2021). "Atlantisia rogersi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692556A194804000. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692556A194804000.en .
50. BirdLife International (2018). "Bugeranus carunculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22692129A129880815. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22692129A129880815.en .
51. BirdLife International (2020). "Grus nigricollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22692162A180030167. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22692162A180030167.en .
52. BirdLife International (2017). "Rallina canningi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017 e.T22692311A118403430. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22692311A118403430.en .
53. BirdLife International (2021). "Coturnicops noveboracensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692275A168909942. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692275A168909942.en .
54. BirdLife International (2025). "Sarothrura insularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692241A280940700. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692241A280940700.en .
55. BirdLife International (2022). "Pardirallus maculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22692763A163614849. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22692763A163614849.en .
56. BirdLife International (2021). "Laterallus flaviventer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692720A152235418. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692720A152235418.en .
57. BirdLife International (2025). "Laterallus spilopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692687A277160047. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692687A277160047.en .
58. BirdLife International (2021). "Gallinula comeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692866A195129158. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692866A195129158.en .
59. BirdLife International (2025). "Grus monacha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692151A271223574. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692151A271223574.en .
60. BirdLife International (2020). "Rallus obsoletus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22731577A178663850. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22731577A178663850.en .
61. BirdLife International (2025). "Aramides saracura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692591A276120755. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692591A276120755.en .
62. BirdLife International (2025). "Crex egregia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692539A280962371. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692539A280962371.en .
63. BirdLife International (2025). "Hypotaenidia philippensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692425A157453571. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692425A157453571.en .
64. BirdLife International (2024). "Pardirallus nigricans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692766A265019026. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692766A265019026.en .
65. BirdLife International (2020). "Rallus tenuirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22728525A178660483. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22728525A178660483.en .
66. BirdLife International (2025). "Aramides wolfi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692581A277461466. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692581A277461466.en .
67. BirdLife International (2025). "Grus antigone". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692064A225108915. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692064A225108915.en .
68. BirdLife International (2021). "Anthropoides paradiseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692109A177514877. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692109A177514877.en .
69. BirdLife International (2024). "Balearica regulorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692046A240198049. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692046A240198049.en .
70. BirdLife International (2024). "Podica senegalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692177A264975767. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692177A264975767.en .
71. BirdLife International (2024). "Balearica pavonina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692039A240627334. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692039A240627334.en .
72. BirdLife International (2021). "Aramides albiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T154837304A166805579. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T154837304A166805579.en .
73. BirdLife International (2021). "Aramides axillaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692565A152222888. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692565A152222888.en .
74. BirdLife International (2021). "Amaurolimnas concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692601A163610586. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692601A163610586.en .
75. BirdLife International (2022). "Neocrex erythrops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22692760A163613465. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22692760A163613465.en .
76. BirdLife International (2021). "Laterallus ruber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T22692343A163604686. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22692343A163604686.en .
77. BirdLife International (2025). "Rallus longirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T62154828A154019363. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T62154828A154019363.en .
78. BirdLife International (2024). "Porzana albicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692690A264976573. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692690A264976573.en .
79. BirdLife International (2024). "Aramides ypecaha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692586A264983468. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692586A264983468.en .
80. BirdLife International (2021). "Rallus elegans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T62155060A178673909. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T62155060A178673909.en .
81. BirdLife International (2018). "Gallirallus australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22692384A131928535. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22692384A131928535.en .
82. BirdLife International (2024). "Porphyriops melanops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692887A264988106. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692887A264988106.en .
83. BirdLife International (2025). "Rallus limicola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692479A281862281. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692479A281862281.en .
84. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International Digital Checklist of the Birds of the World: Version 10. BirdLife International. 2025.
85. "Avian Conservation Assessment Database Scores". Partners in Flight. Bird Conservancy of the Rockies. 2025. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
86. BirdLife International (2018). "Rallus crepitans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T62155296A132306811. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T62155296A132306811.en .
87. BirdLife International (2018). "Anthropoides virgo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22692081A131927771. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22692081A131927771.en .
88. BirdLife International (2025). "Grus grus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692146A265333107. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692146A265333107.en .
89. BirdLife International (2020). "Heliornis fulica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T22692192A163319257. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22692192A163319257.en .
90. BirdLife International (2025). "Rallus aquaticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22725141A281861442. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22725141A281861442.en .
91. BirdLife International (2024). "Fulica armillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692937A264977636. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692937A264977636.en .
92. BirdLife International (2024). "Fulica leucoptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692929A264979390. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692929A264979390.en .
93. BirdLife International (2024). "Zapornia flavirostra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692643A264972343. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692643A264972343.en .
94. BirdLife International (2025). "Aramus guarauna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692174A280990607. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692174A280990607.en .
95. BirdLife International (2024). "Pardirallus sanguinolentus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692772A264998932. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692772A264998932.en .
96. BirdLife International (2025). "Crex crex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692543A281842534. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692543A281842534.en .
97. BirdLife International (2021). "Aramides cajaneus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T154837348A166806196. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T154837348A166806196.en .
98. BirdLife International (2025). "Fulica americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T62169677A281035771. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T62169677A281035771.en .
99. BirdLife International (2025). "Gallinula chloropus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T62120190A281847787. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T62120190A281847787.en .
100. BirdLife International (2022). "Lewinia mirifica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22692509A218696778. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22692509A218696778.en .
101. BirdLife International (2023). "Neocrex colombiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22692740A221334298. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22692740A221334298.en .
102. BirdLife International (2025). "Aramidopsis plateni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692552A277125420. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692552A277125420.en .
103. BirdLife International (2025). "Habroptila wallacii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692781A265972154. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692781A265972154.en .
104. BirdLife International (2024). "Amaurornis phoenicurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692640A264986925. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692640A264986925.en .
105. BirdLife International (2024). "Aramides calopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692596A264981372. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692596A264981372.en .
106. BirdLife International (2024). "Aramides mangle". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692560A265006720. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692560A265006720.en .
107. BirdLife International (2024). "Canirallus oculeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692260A264999147. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692260A264999147.en .
108. BirdLife International (2024). "Coturnicops exquisitus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692270A218711264. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692270A218711264.en .
109. BirdLife International (2024). "Eulabeornis castaneoventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692778A264997298. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692778A264997298.en .
110. BirdLife International (2025). "Gymnocrex rosenbergii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692604A271675998. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692604A271675998.en .
111. BirdLife International (2018). "Hypotaenidia torquata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018 e.T22692418A131875659. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22692418A131875659.en .
112. BirdLife International (2022). "Hypotaenidia woodfordi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22727451A210640619. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22727451A210640619.en .
113. BirdLife International (2025). "Lewinia pectoralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692521A281028305. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692521A281028305.en .
114. BirdLife International (2024). "Lewinia striata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692463A265016028. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692463A265016028.en .
115. BirdLife International (2022). "Mentocrex kioloides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022 e.T22692264A210407845. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22692264A210407845.en .
116. BirdLife International (2024). "Rallicula forbesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692298A265005383. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692298A265005383.en .
117. BirdLife International (2023). "Rallicula leucospila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023 e.T22692293A218576324. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22692293A218576324.en .
118. BirdLife International (2017). "Rallicula mayri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017 e.T22692303A118088528. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22692303A118088528.en .
119. BirdLife International (2024). "Rallicula rubra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692288A264993952. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692288A264993952.en .
120. BirdLife International (2024). "Rallus caerulescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692498A265019881. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692498A265019881.en .
121. BirdLife International (2024). "Rallus indicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22725167A264971018. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22725167A264971018.en .
122. BirdLife International (2024). "Rufirallus castaneiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692320A265001626. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692320A265001626.en .
123. BirdLife International (2024). "Sarothrura affinis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692236A265021845. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692236A265021845.en .
124. BirdLife International (2025). "Sarothrura boehmi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T22692232A209446557. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22692232A209446557.en .
125. BirdLife International (2024). "Sarothrura elegans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692219A265010658. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692219A265010658.en .
126. BirdLife International (2024). "Sarothrura pulchra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692215A265013195. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692215A265013195.en .
127. BirdLife International (2024). "Sarothrura rufa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22692223A265012278. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22692223A265012278.en .
128. BirdLife International (2024). "Turnix everetti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 e.T22680592A248497729. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680592A248497729.en .