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The Yoruba people have a large population in West Africa and broad dispersion through enslavement in the Americas. [1]
The most prevalent West African religions, both in Africa and the Americas, are often those of the Yoruba people or those that were influenced by them. [2] These West African religions also have intricate theologies. For instance, the Yoruba are thought to have a pantheon of up to 6,000 deities. [3]
Yoruba deities are classified majorly into two groups: the Oriṣa (benevolent spirits) and the Ajogun (malevolent spirits). This article consists of a list of the Oriṣa and Ajogun. [4] .
| Name | Description | Gender |
|---|---|---|
| Agemo | The chameleon servant of the supreme being Ọlọrun. He carries messages between the Oriṣa and Ọlọrun. | Male |
| Aganju | Deity of volcanoes, the wilderness, deserts and fire. He is the son of Ajaka and the nephew of Shango. | Male |
| Ajaka | Deity of peacefulness, love and equality. He was an Alaafin of Oyo. He is the elder brother of his near polar opposite Ṣango. | Male |
| Aja | Deity of the wild, herbs, plants and leaves. | Female |
| Aje | Deity of wealth, property, prosperity, fortune and success. She is strongly associated with Olokun. | Female |
| Ayangalu | Patron deity of all drummers. | Male |
| Ara (Aramfẹ/Ara-gbona) | Deity of the weather, storms and thunder. | Genderless |
| Ayelala | Deity of justice, oaths and retribution. | Female |
| Ayé | Deity of the Earth, passion, environmentalism and nature. | Female |
| Biri | Deity of darkness, night, and midnight. | Male |
| Babalu Aye | Deity of smallpox, epidemic disease and healing. | Male |
| Bayanni (Dada) | Deity of justice, children, vegetables, abundance, peace, intelligence and wisdom. He is described as having locked hair and said to protect children born with locked hair (also called Dada). [5] | Male |
| Ela | Deity of manifestation, pure light and passion for charity and giving. He is closely associated with Ọrunmila and Ifá. | Male |
| Erinlẹ | Deity of hunting and abundance. He is described as the "great elephant of the Earth". | Male |
| Eṣu | Deity of crossroads, trickery, misfortune, chaos, death and travelers. He is described as an unpredictable force that acts as an intermediary between humans and the Oriṣa. | Male or Androgynous |
| Ibeji (Taiwo and Kehinde) | Twin deities of duality, playfulness, mischief, abundance and twins. They are the children of Shango. | Male and/or Female |
| Iroko | Tree deity seen as the King of forest spirits (iwin). | Genderless |
| Iya Nla | Primordial Spirit | Female |
| Logun Edé | Deity of forests and rivers, war and hunting, youth, grace and balance. He is the son of Oṣosi and Oṣun and possesses qualities of both of them. | Male or Androgynous |
| Moremi | Legendary Queen who saved Ile-Ife from raiders and was deified after her death. | Female |
| Oba | River deity of homemaking, domesticity and marriage. She is the first wife of Shango. | Female |
| Obatala | Deity of creation, purity, creativity, wisdom and of the disabled. He is credited for being the creator of the Earth and humans. He is the King of the Oriṣa. | Male (commonly) or Female |
| Oduduwa | Warrior deity said to be the progenitor of the Yoruba. Some versions of the creation story describe him as being the brother of Obatala who created humans and the Earth when Obatala failed due to him being intoxicated on palm wine. | Male (commonly) or Female |
| Ogun | Deity of war, soldiers, dogs, blacksmiths, iron, craftsmen and metalworkers. He is described as one of the most powerful and respected Oriṣa. He is often seen as a rival of Shango. | Male |
| Oke | Deity of mountains, hills and heights. | Male |
| Oko | Deity of agriculture, farming and fertility. | Male |
| Olokun | Deity of oceans, water, health and wealth. They are the head of all water deities and one of the most powerful Oriṣa. They are strongly associated with Aje. | Male, Female or Androgynous. |
| Olumo | Mountain deity linked with the Olumo Rock. | Genderless |
| Ọranyan | Legendary King of Ifẹ who founded the Oyo Empire. He was the husband of Queen Moremi, the father of Shango and Ajaka and the grandson of Oduduwa. | Male |
| Orò | Deity of bullroarers and communal justice. | Male |
| Oronsen | Deity who was the wife of Olowo Rerengejen. | Female |
| Ọrunmila | Deity of wisdom, knowledge, Ifá divination, philosophy, fate, destiny, prophecy and babalawos. He is described as all-seeing and credited with the revelation of the Odu Ifa (sacred corpus). | Male |
| Ori | Deity of the beforelife, the afterlife, destiny and personal identity. | Genderless |
| Ọsanyin (Aroni) | Deity of herbs, healing, plants, nature, herbalists and wizardry. | Male |
| Oṣosi | Warrior deity of the hunt, forests and justice. He is the father of Logun Edé. | Male |
| Oṣun | Deity of rivers, water, beauty, purity, love, fertility, and sensuality. She is described as being extremely beautiful, kindhearted and a great cook. She is the second and the youngest wife of Shango. | Female |
| Oṣunmare | Deity of the rainbow, regeneration and rebirth. They are described as being a serpent spirit who created the rainbow. | Male or Female |
| Otin | River deity of protection. She is said to be a hunter and the wife of Erinlẹ̀. | Female |
| Ọya | Warrior deity of storms, wind, thunder, lightning and the dead. She is the third wife of Ṣango. She is described as being an unstoppable force in battle and having a temper comparable to that of Ṣango. She is also compassionate and loves children. | Female |
| Ṣango | Deity of thunder, lightning, fire, justice, dance, virility and drumming. He is one of the most powerful and most feared Oriṣa. He is the younger brother of Ajaka, father of the Ibeji and the husband of Ọba, Ọṣun and Ọya. | Male |
| Yemoja | Deity of rivers, fish, water, the moon, motherhood and protection. She is one of the most venerated Oriṣa. | Female |
| Yemowo (or Yemòó) | Water deity. She is the consort of Obatala. | Female |
| Yewa | River deity of the Yewa River. | Female |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Iku | The spirit of death. It is considered the head of the Ajogun. |
| Arun | The spirit of disease and illness. |
| Ẹgba | The spirit of paralysis and infirmity. |
| Epe | The spirit of curses. |
| Eṣe | The spirit of wounds and affliction. |
| Ẹwọn | The spirit of imprisonment/captivity. |
| Ofo | The spirit of loss and destruction of property. |
| Oran | The spirit of conflict and trouble. |
The Supreme Being in Yorùbá culture is known as Ọlọrun, Olódùmarè or Elédùa amongst other names.