List of Yoruba deities

Last updated

The Yoruba people have a large population in West Africa and broad dispersion through enslavement in the Americas. [1]

Contents

The most prevalent West African religions, both in Africa and the Americas, are often those of the Yoruba people or those that were influenced by them. [2] These West African religions also have intricate theologies. For instance, the Yoruba are thought to have a pantheon of up to 6,000 deities. [3]

Yoruba deities are classified majorly into two groups: the Oriṣa (benevolent spirits) and the Ajogun (malevolent spirits). This article consists of a list of the Oriṣa and Ajogun. [4] .

The Oriṣa

NameDescriptionGender
Agemo The chameleon servant of the supreme being Ọlọrun. He carries messages between the Oriṣa and Ọlọrun.Male
Aganju Deity of volcanoes, the wilderness, deserts and fire. He is the son of Ajaka and the nephew of Shango.Male
Ajaka Deity of peacefulness, love and equality. He was an Alaafin of Oyo. He is the elder brother of his near polar opposite Ṣango.Male
Aja Deity of the wild, herbs, plants and leaves.Female
AjeDeity of wealth, property, prosperity, fortune and success. She is strongly associated with Olokun.Female
Ayangalu Patron deity of all drummers.Male
Ara (Aramfẹ/Ara-gbona)Deity of the weather, storms and thunder.Genderless
Ayelala Deity of justice, oaths and retribution.Female
Ayé Deity of the Earth, passion, environmentalism and nature.Female
BiriDeity of darkness, night, and midnight.Male
Babalu Aye Deity of smallpox, epidemic disease and healing.Male
Bayanni (Dada)Deity of justice, children, vegetables, abundance, peace, intelligence and wisdom. He is described as having locked hair and said to protect children born with locked hair (also called Dada). [5] Male
ElaDeity of manifestation, pure light and passion for charity and giving. He is closely associated with Ọrunmila and Ifá.Male
Erinlẹ Deity of hunting and abundance. He is described as the "great elephant of the Earth".Male
Eṣu Deity of crossroads, trickery, misfortune, chaos, death and travelers. He is described as an unpredictable force that acts as an intermediary between humans and the Oriṣa.Male or Androgynous
Ibeji (Taiwo and Kehinde)Twin deities of duality, playfulness, mischief, abundance and twins. They are the children of Shango.Male and/or Female
IrokoTree deity seen as the King of forest spirits (iwin).Genderless
Iya Nla Primordial SpiritFemale
Logun EdéDeity of forests and rivers, war and hunting, youth, grace and balance. He is the son of Oṣosi and Oṣun and possesses qualities of both of them.Male or Androgynous
Moremi Legendary Queen who saved Ile-Ife from raiders and was deified after her death.Female
Oba River deity of homemaking, domesticity and marriage. She is the first wife of Shango.Female
Obatala Deity of creation, purity, creativity, wisdom and of the disabled. He is credited for being the creator of the Earth and humans. He is the King of the Oriṣa.Male (commonly) or Female
Oduduwa Warrior deity said to be the progenitor of the Yoruba. Some versions of the creation story describe him as being the brother of Obatala who created humans and the Earth when Obatala failed due to him being intoxicated on palm wine.Male (commonly) or Female
Ogun Deity of war, soldiers, dogs, blacksmiths, iron, craftsmen and metalworkers. He is described as one of the most powerful and respected Oriṣa. He is often seen as a rival of Shango.Male
OkeDeity of mountains, hills and heights.Male
Oko Deity of agriculture, farming and fertility.Male
Olokun Deity of oceans, water, health and wealth. They are the head of all water deities and one of the most powerful Oriṣa. They are strongly associated with Aje.Male, Female or Androgynous.
Olumo Mountain deity linked with the Olumo Rock.Genderless
Ọranyan Legendary King of Ifẹ who founded the Oyo Empire. He was the husband of Queen Moremi, the father of Shango and Ajaka and the grandson of Oduduwa.Male
OròDeity of bullroarers and communal justice.Male
Oronsen Deity who was the wife of Olowo Rerengejen.Female
Ọrunmila Deity of wisdom, knowledge, Ifá divination, philosophy, fate, destiny, prophecy and babalawos. He is described as all-seeing and credited with the revelation of the Odu Ifa (sacred corpus).Male
Ori Deity of the beforelife, the afterlife, destiny and personal identity.Genderless
Ọsanyin (Aroni)Deity of herbs, healing, plants, nature, herbalists and wizardry.Male
Oṣosi Warrior deity of the hunt, forests and justice. He is the father of Logun Edé.Male
Oṣun Deity of rivers, water, beauty, purity, love, fertility, and sensuality. She is described as being extremely beautiful, kindhearted and a great cook. She is the second and the youngest wife of Shango.Female
Oṣunmare Deity of the rainbow, regeneration and rebirth. They are described as being a serpent spirit who created the rainbow.Male or Female
Otin River deity of protection. She is said to be a hunter and the wife of Erinlẹ̀.Female
Ọya Warrior deity of storms, wind, thunder, lightning and the dead. She is the third wife of Ṣango. She is described as being an unstoppable force in battle and having a temper comparable to that of Ṣango. She is also compassionate and loves children.Female
Ṣango Deity of thunder, lightning, fire, justice, dance, virility and drumming. He is one of the most powerful and most feared Oriṣa. He is the younger brother of Ajaka, father of the Ibeji and the husband of Ọba, Ọṣun and Ọya.Male
Yemoja Deity of rivers, fish, water, the moon, motherhood and protection. She is one of the most venerated Oriṣa.Female
Yemowo (or Yemòó)Water deity. She is the consort of Obatala.Female
Yewa River deity of the Yewa River.Female

The Ajogun

NameDescription
IkuThe spirit of death. It is considered the head of the Ajogun.
ArunThe spirit of disease and illness.
ẸgbaThe spirit of paralysis and infirmity.
EpeThe spirit of curses.
EṣeThe spirit of wounds and affliction.
ẸwọnThe spirit of imprisonment/captivity.
OfoThe spirit of loss and destruction of property.
OranThe spirit of conflict and trouble.

Supreme Deity

The Supreme Being in Yorùbá culture is known as Ọlọrun, Olódùmarè or Elédùa amongst other names.

Major male Oriṣa

Major female Oriṣa

Metaphysical personifications or spirits

See also

References

  1. "Deities of the Yoruba and Fon Religions | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  2. Mark, Joshua J. "Orisha". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  3. "Deities of the Yoruba and Fon Religions | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  4. St. Marc, Jean-Luc (8 October 2025). "The Complete List of Orisha: 30+ Yoruba Deities and Their Meanings, Colors and Powers". Louisiana Voodoo. Retrieved 26 December 2025.
  5. "The Lukumí Pantheon: Orishas Worshiped by the Lukumí—English » Eleda.org". Archived from the original on 2010-09-27. Retrieved 2025-09-28.
  6. "The 5 Most Influential Orishas". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 2019-08-11. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  7. Thabit, Khadijah (2022-09-21). "Yoruba gods and goddesses: their history explained in detail". Legit.ng . Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  8. "Deities of the Yoruba and Fon Religions | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2022-12-11.