List of lunar deities

A lunar deity is a deity who represents the Moon, or an aspect of it. Lunar deities and Moon worship can be found throughout most of recorded history in various forms. The following is a list of lunar deities:

African

Name	Image	Mythology / Religion	Details
Abuk		Dinka	Goddess of fertility, morality, creativity, and love
Amesemi		Kushite	Protective goddess and wife of Apedemak, the lion-god. She was represented with a crown shaped as a falcon, or with a crescent moon on her head on top of which a falcon was standing.
Ayyur		Berber
Gleti		Dahomean
Mawu		Dahomean
Iah		Egyptian
iNyanga		Zulu	Goddess of the Moon
Khonsu		Egyptian	The god of the moon. A story tells that Ra (the sun God) had forbidden Nut (the Sky goddess) to give birth on any of the 360 days of the calendar. In order to help her give birth to her children, Thoth (the god of wisdom) played against Khonsu in a game of senet. Khonsu lost to Thoth and then he gave away enough moonlight to create 5 additional days so Nut could give birth to her five children. It was said that before losing, the moonlight was on par with the sunlight. Sometimes, Khonsu is depicted as a hawk-headed god, however he is mostly depicted as a young man with a side-lock of hair, like a young Egyptian. He was also a god of time. The centre of his cult was at Thebes which was where he took place in a triad with Amun and Mut. Khonsu was also heavily associated Thoth who also took part in the measurement of time and the moon.
Nzambici		Bakongo	She is the eternal God of Essence, as well as Goddess of Moon, Earth and Sky Mother
Thoth		Egyptian	God of wisdom, the arts, science, and judgment
Yemọja		Yoruba	Goddess of Creation, Water, Moon, the Motherhood, and Protection

American

Aztec mythology

• Metztli
• Coyolxauhqui, a female Goddess.
• Tecciztecatl, a male God.

Cahuilla mythology

• Menily ^[1] , a female Goddess.

Haitian Vodou

• Kalfu, a male God.

Hopi mythology

• Muuya^{[ citation needed ]}, a male God.

Incan mythology

• Mama Killa, a female Goddess.
• Ka-Ata-Killa, a female Goddess.
• Coniraya, a male God.

Inuit mythology

• Alignak , a male God.
• Igaluk, a male God.
• Tarqiup Inua, a male God.

Lakota mythology

• Hanwi^{[ citation needed ]}, a female Goddess.

Maya mythology

• Goddess Awilix; Xbalanque was their mortal (male) incarnation.
• Maya moon goddess

Muisca mythology

• Huitaca, a female Goddess.
• Chía, a female Goddess

Nivaclé Mythology

• Jive'cla

Pawnee mythology

• Pah^{[ citation needed ]}, a male God.

Tupi Guarani mythology

• Abaangui, a male God.
• Arasy, a female Goddess.
• Jaci, a God/Goddess, whose gender depends on the tribe.

Moon gods of East Asia

Ainu mythology

• Kunnechup Kamui, a male God.

Chinese mythology

• Jie Lin, a God that carries the Moon across the night sky ^[2] .
• Changxi, the mother of twelve moons corresponding to the twelve months of the year.
• Chang'e, an immortal who lives on the Moon.
• Taiyin Xingjun (太陰星君; Tàiyīn xīng jūn) or Queen Jiang (Jiuhou Nü) of Investiture of the Gods in taoism and Chinese folk religion ^{[3] [4]} .
• Tu'er Ye, a rabbit God who lives on the Moon.
• Wu Gang, an immortal who lives on the Moon.

Indonesian mythology

• Ratih, a female Goddess.
• Silewe Nazarate, a female Goddess.

Japanese mythology

• Tsukuyomi, a male God.

Korean mythology

• Myeongwol ^[5] , a female Goddess.

Vietnamese mythology

• Thần Mặt Trăng, the embodiment of the moon, the daughter of Ông Trời
• Hằng Nga, a Goddess who lives on the moon

Moon gods in Philippine mythology

Philippine mythologies

Main article: List of Philippine mythological figures

• Kabigat (Bontok mythology): the goddess of the moon who cut off the head of Chal-chal's son; her action is the origin of headhunting ^[6]
• Bulan (Ifugao mythology): the moon deity of the night in charge of nighttime ^[7]
• Moon Deity (Ibaloi mythology): the deity who teased Kabunian for not yet having a spouse ^[8]
• Delan (Bugkalot mythology): deity of the moon, worshiped with the sun and stars; congenial with Elag; during quarrels, Elag sometimes covers Delan's face, causing the different phases of the moon; giver of light and growth ^[9]
• Bulan (Ilocano mythology): the moon god of peace who comforted the grieving Abra ^[10]
• Bulan (Pangasinense mythology): the merry and mischievous moon god, whose dim palace was the source of the perpetual light which became the stars; guides the ways of thieves ^[11]
• Wife of Mangetchay (Kapampangan mythology): wife of Mangetchay who gave birth to their daughter whose beauty sparked the great war; lives in the Moon ^[12]
• Mayari (Kapampangan mythology): the moon goddess who battled her brother, Apolaqui ^[13]
• Apûng Malyari (Kapampangan mythology): moon god who lives in Mount Pinatubo and ruler of the eight rivers ^[14]
• Mayari (Tagalog mythology): goddess of the moon; ^[15] sometimes identified as having one eye; ^[16] ruler of the world during nighttime and daughter of Bathala ^[17]
• Dalagang nasa Buwan (Tagalog mythology): the maiden of the moon ^[18]
• Dalagang Binubukot (Tagalog mythology): the cloistered maiden in the moon ^[18]
• Unnamed Moon God (Tagalog mythology): the night watchman who tattled on Rajo's theft, leading to an eclipse ^[19]
• Bulan-hari (Tagalog mythology): one of the deities sent by Bathala to aid the people of Pinak; can command rain to fall; married to Bitu-in ^[20]
• Bulan (Bicolano mythology): son of Dagat and Paros; joined Daga's rebellion; his body became the Moon; ^[21] in another myth, he was alive and from his cut arm, the earth was established, and from his tears, the rivers and seas were established ^[22]
• Haliya (Bicolano mythology): the goddess of the moon, ^[23] often depicted with a golden mask on her face
• Libulan (Bisaya mythology): the copper-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; killed by Kaptan's rage during the great revolt; his body became the moon ^[24]
• Bulan (Bisaya mythology): the moon deity who gives light to sinners and guides them in the night ^[25]
• Launsina (Capiznon mythology): the goddess of the Sun, Moon, stars, and seas, and the most beloved because people seek forgiveness from her ^[26]
• Diwata na Magbabaya (Bukidnon mythology): simply referred as Magbabaya; the good supreme deity and supreme planner who looks like a man; created the Earth and the first eight elements, namely bronze, gold, coins, rock, clouds, rain, iron, and water; using the elements, he also created the sea, sky, Moon, and stars; also known as the pure god who wills all things; one of three deities living in the realm called Banting ^[27]
• Bulon La Mogoaw (T'boli mythology): one of the two supreme deities; married to Kadaw La Sambad; lives in the seventh layer of the universe ^[28]
• Moon Deity (Maranao mythology): divine being depicted in an anthropomorphic form as a beautiful young woman; angels serve as her charioteers ^[29]

Moon gods of Europe

Name	Image	Mythology / Religion	Details
Arianrhod [ citation needed ]		Welsh
Artemis		Greek	Artemis is the ancient Greek goddess of the hunt, wilderness, wild animals, chastity, and occasionally the Moon due to being mistaken for Selene. [30] [31] She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto and the twin sister of Apollo. [32] She would eventually be extensively syncretized with the Roman goddess Diana. Cynthia was originally an epithet of the Greek goddess Artemis, who according to legend was born on Mount Cynthus. Selene, the Greek personification of the Moon, and the Roman Diana were also sometimes called "Cynthia". [33]
Artume		Etruscan
Ataegina		Lusitanian
Sen			Mesopotamian Religion
Bendis		Thracian
Devana		Slavic	Devana was the Slavic goddess of wild nature, forests, hunting and the moon, equated with the Greek goddess Artemis and Roman goddess Diana.
Diana		Roman	Diana is a goddess in Roman and Hellenistic religion, primarily considered a patroness of the countryside, hunters, crossroads, and the Moon. She is equated with the Greek goddess Artemis (see above), and absorbed much of Artemis' and Selenes mythology early in Roman history, including a birth on the island of Delos to parents Jupiter and Latona, and a twin brother, Apollo, [34] though she had an independent origin in Italy.
Elatha [ citation needed ]		Irish	Elatha was a king of the Fomorians in Irish mythology. He succeeded his father Delbáeth and was replaced by his son Bres, mothered by Ériu.
Hecate		Greek	While associated with the Moon, Hecate is not actually considered a goddess of the moon.
Hëna		Albanian	Hëna ("the Moon) is a personified female deity in Albanian mythology.
Hors		Slavic
Hjúki and Bil		Norse
Ilargi		Basque
Kuu		Finnish
Losna		Etruscan
Luna		Roman	Roman counterpart to the Greek Titaness Selene. Sibling to Sol and Aurora. Considered one of the 20 principal deities of Rome, having had temples on both the Aventine and Palatine hills.
Mano		Sámi
Máni		Norse	Máni is the personification of the Moon in Norse mythology. Máni, personified, is attested in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. Both sources state that he is the brother of the personified sun, Sól, and the son of Mundilfari, while the Prose Edda adds that he is followed by the children Hjúki and Bil through the heavens.
Mehnot		Proto-Indo-European mythology
Meness		Latvian
Myesyats		Slavic
Phoebe		Greek
Selene		Greek	Selene is a Titan goddess and personification of the moon. She was depicted as a woman riding sidesaddle on a horse or driving a chariot drawn by a pair of winged steeds.
Tõlze		Mari	the god of the Moon for Volga Finns peoples
Triple Goddess		Wicca

Oceanic

Malagasy mythology

• Andriamahilala, a female Goddess

Polynesian mythology

• Avatea, a male God.
• Fati, a male God.
• Hina, a female Goddess.
• Mahina, a female Goddess.
• Marama, a male God.

Australian Aboriginal mythology

• Bahloo, a male God.

Mandjindja mythology

• Kidili, a male God.

Yolngu mythology

• Ngalindi, a male God.

Western Asian

Anatolian

• Arma (Luwian religion), a male God.
• Kašku (Hittite mythology), a male God.
• Men (Phrygian mythology), a male God.

Elamite

• Napir, a male God.

Hinduism

The Hindu moon god Chandra, riding his celestial chariot

• God Agni, invoked as a male Moon deity in some hymns ^[35]
• Chandra or Soma, the Moon God.
• Anumati, the Moon Goddess. ^[36]

Hurro-Urartian

• Kušuḫ (Hurrian mythology), a male God.
• Selardi (Urartian mythology), a female Goddess.

Semitic mythology

• Aglibol (Palmarene mythology), a male God.
• Almaqah (Sabaean mythology), a male God.
• Baal-hamon (Punic religion), a male God.
• Saggar (Eblaite religion), a male God.
• Sin (Mesopotamian mythology), a male God.
• Ta'lab (Arabian mythology), a male God.
• Wadd (Minaean mythology), a male God.
• Yarikh (Amorite and Ugaritic mythology), a male God.

Turkic mythology

• Ay Ata, a male God.

See also

• Allah as a lunar deity
• List of solar deities
• Man in the Moon
• Moon idol, a type of firedog
• Moon rabbit
• Nature worship
• Sky deity
• Solar deity
• Worship of heavenly bodies

References

1. "Menily, the Cahuilla moon goddess (Menilly, Menil, Man-El)". www.native-languages.org. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
2. 太上洞真五星秘授经
3. Overmyer, Daniel L. (1986). Religions of China: The World as a Living System. New York: Harper & Row. p. 51. ISBN   9781478609896.
4. Fan, Chen 2013. p. 23
5. Seo, Dae Seok. "Song of Sun and Moon". Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
6. Jenks, A. (1905). The Bontoc Igorot. Manila: Bureau of Printing.
7. Bimmolog, H., Sallong, L., Montemayor, L. (2005). The Deities of the Animistic Religion of Mayaoyao, Ifugao.
8. Moss, C. R. (1924). Nabaloi Tales. University of California Publications in American Archaeology, 227–353.
9. Wilson, L. L. (1947). Ilongot Life and Legends. Southeast Asia Institute.
10. Alacacin, C. (1952). The Gods and Goddesses. Historical and Cultural Data of Provinces.
11. Eugenio, D. L. (2007). Philippine Folk Literature: An Anthology. University of the Philippines Press.
12. Jose, V. R. (1974). Creation and Flood Myths in Philippine Folk Literature. UP .
13. Fansler, D. S. (1921). 1965 Filipino Popular Tales. Hatboro, Pennsylvania: Folklore Assosciates Inc.
14. Nicdao, A. (1917). Pampangan Folklore. Manila.
15. Calderon, S. G. (1947). Mga alamat ng Pilipinas. Manila : M. Colcol & Co.
16. Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.
17. Ramos, M. (1990). Philippine Myths, Legends, and Folktales. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
18. Pardo, F. (1686–1688). Carte [...] sobre la idolatria de los naturales de la provincia de Zambales, y de los del pueblo de Santo Tomas y otros cicunvecinos [...]. Sevilla, Spain: Archivo de la Indias.
19. Beyer, H. O. (1912–30). H. Otley Beyer Ethnographic Collection. National Library of the Philippines.
20. Eugenio, D. L. (2013). Philippine Folk Literature: The Legends. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press
21. Beyer, H. O. (1923). Ethnography of the Bikol People. vii.
22. Arcilla, A. M. (1923). The Origin of Earth and of Man. Ethnography of the Bikol People, vii.
23. Tiongson, N. G., Barrios, J. (1994). CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art: Peoples of the Philippines. Cultural Center of the Philippines.
24. Miller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn.
25. Buyser, F. (1913). Mga Sugilanong Karaan.
26. Cruz-Lucero, R., Pototanon, R. M. (2018). Capiznon. With contributions by E. Arsenio Manuel. In Our Islands, Our People: The Histories and Cultures of the Filipino Nation, edited by Cruz-Lucero, R.
27. Unabia, C. C. (1986). THe Bukidnon Batbatonon and Pamuhay: A Socio-Literary Study. Quezon City : UP Press.
28. Casal, G. (1978). The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. 122–123
29. Talaguit, C. J. N. (2019). Folk-Islam in Maranao Society. History Department, De La Salle University – Manila.
30. Shen (2018), p. 60
31. Sacks (1995), p. 35
32. Neils (2003), p. 117
33. Pannen, p. 96.
34. Larousse Desk Reference Encyclopedia, The Book People, Haydock, 1995, p. 215.
35. Dexter, Miriam Robbins. Whence the goddesses: a source book. The Athene Series. New York and London: Teachers College Press, Teachers College, Columbia University. 1990. p. 154. ISBN   0-8077-6234-2.
36. Goddess Anumati ^{[ dead link ]}

Bibliography

• Neils, Jennifer; Oakley, John H. (August 11, 2003). Coming of Age in Ancient Greece: Images of Childhood from the Classical Past . Hanover, New Hampshire, United States: Hood Museum of Art. ISBN   978-0300099591.
• Rees, Alwyn; Rees, Brinley (1961). Celtic Heritage: Ancient Tradition in Ireland and Wales. High Holborn, London, England: Thames & Hudson . Retrieved August 14, 2019.
• Sacks, David (January 1, 1995). Murray, Oswyn (ed.). A Dictionary of the Ancient Greek World . Oxford, England, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0195112061.
• Shen, Ann (April 3, 2018). Legendary Ladies: 50 Goddesses to Empower and Inspire You. San Francisco, United States: Chronicle Books. ISBN   978-1452163413 . Retrieved August 14, 2019.
• Harley, Timothy. Moon Lore. London: S. Sonnenschein [etc.], 1885. pp. 77–139.