List of water deities

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Water god in an ancient Roman mosaic. Zeugma Mosaic Museum, Gaziantep, Turkey Gaziantep Zeugma Museum Water gods mosaic 8199.jpg
Water god in an ancient Roman mosaic. Zeugma Mosaic Museum, Gaziantep, Turkey

A water deity is a deity in mythology associated with water or various bodies of water. Water deities are common in mythology and were usually more important among civilizations in which the sea or ocean, or a great river was more important. Another important focus of worship of water deities has been springs or holy wells.

Contents

As a form of animal worship, whales and snakes (hence dragons) have been regarded as godly deities throughout the world (as are other animals such as turtles, fish, crabs, and sharks). In Asian lore, whales and dragons sometimes have connections. [1] Serpents are also common as a symbol or as serpentine deities, sharing many similarities with dragons.

Africa

Akan

Bantu

Dahomey

Dogon

Egyptian

Ewe / Fon

Lugandan

Serer

Yoruba

Asia-Pacific and Oceania

East Asia

Taoism and Chinese folk religion

Chinese sea goddess Mazu Lu Gang Xin Zu Gong [Qing Duan Yang Huo Dong ] .jpg
Chinese sea goddess Mazu

Japanese

Ainu

Korean

  • Imoogi or Imugi, giant serpents of Korean folklore which later become true dragons.
  • King Munmu, a king who wished to become a dragon before his death to protect Korea from the Sea of Japan.
  • Yongwang, an undersea deity believed to determine the fortunes of fishermen and sailors.

South Asia

Hindu

In Hindu culture, each water body is worshipped as a form of God. Hence, the rivers are worshipped as goddesses and the ocean is worshipped as a god.

Varuna, the Lord of All the Water Bodies Varunadeva.jpg
Varuna, the Lord of All the Water Bodies
  • Ap, group of water goddesses.
  • Apam Napat, god of fresh water, such as in rivers and lakes.
  • Danu, goddess of primordial waters, mother of Vritra and the Danavas.
  • Makara, mystical creature of waters.
  • Varuna, the God of the ocean and rains and water.
  • Indra, King of the Gods, God of weather, and bringer of rain, thunderstorms and clouds.
  • Saptasindhu, the seven holy rivers of India, namely:
  • Ganga, the Goddess of the Ganges River.
  • Yamuna, the Goddess of the Yamuna River.
  • Saraswati, the divine Goddess of knowledge and wisdom who was personified as a river that dried up in ancient times.
  • Indus, also called Sindhu. The river is considered the eldest daughter of the Himalaya mountains.
  • Narmada, the river Goddess often worshipped as a deity and daughter of Lord Shiva.
  • Godavari, the longest river of South India. The river is also considered as Dakshina Ganga aka South(ern) Ganga.
  • Kaveri, a river of South India, worshipped by people as a goddess who was previously incarnated as Lopamudra, the wife of Sage Agastya.
  • Rivers such as Tapi, also known as Tapati, is worshipped as a daughter of the sun god, Surya.
  • The river Krishna, worshipped as Krishnaveni Devi/Krishna Mai, is considered to be Lord Vishnu born as a river.
  • Tungabhadra, a tributary of Krishna, is worshipped as a goddess. The river is also known as Pampa.
  • Pamba River and Suvarnamukhi River flowing past the holy temple towns of Sabarimala in Kerala and Tirupati and Srikalahasti in Andhra Pradesh, respectively.
  • The river Brahmaputra is the only river to have a male personification, whose name means "son of Brahma", the creator.
  • Mariamman, regional goddess of the rain and medicine

Meitei

  • Wangbren, the Sea God who holds storm, rain and disaster .
  • Poubi Lai, the giant dragon who ruled its tyranny in the Loktak lake.
  • Irai Leima, the Goddess of water and aquatic life.
  • Ngāreima, goddess of fish
  • Thongjarok Lairembi of Thongjaorok River
  • Iril Lairembi of Iril River
  • Imphal Turel Lairembi of Imphal River
  • Kongba Turel Lairembi of Kongba River
  • Loktak Ima of Loktak Lake
  • Pumlenpat Lairembi of Pumlenpat Lake

Southeast Asia

Filipino

  • Sirinan: the Isnag spirit of the river [11]
  • Limat: the Gaddang god of the sea [12]
  • Oden: the Bugkalot deity of the rain, worshiped for its life-giving waters [13]
  • Ocean Deity: the Ilocano goddess of the ocean whose waters slammed the ediface of salt being built by Ang-ngalo and Asin, causing the sea's water to become salty [14]
  • Gods of the Pistay Dayat: Pangasinense gods who are pacified through the Pistay Dayat ritual, where offerings are given to the spirits of the waters who pacify the gods [15]
  • Anitun Tauo: the Sambal goddess of win and rain who was reduced in rank by Malayari for her conceit [16]
  • Sedsed: the Aeta god of the sea [17]
  • Apûng Malyari: the Kapampangan moon god who lives in Mt. Pinatubo and ruler of the eight rivers [18]
  • Lakandanum: variant of the Kapampangan Naga, known to rule the waters [19]
  • Bathala: the Tagalog supreme god and creator deity, also known as Bathala Maykapal, Lumilikha, and Abba; an enormous being with control over thunder, lightning, flood, fire, thunder, and earthquakes; presides over lesser deities and uses spirits to intercede between divinities and mortals [20]
  • Anitun Tabu: the Tagalog goddess of wind and rain and daughter of Idianale and Dumangan [21]
  • Lakapati: the Tagalog hermaphrodite deity and protector of sown fields, sufficient field waters, and abundant fish catch [22]
  • Amanikable: the Tagalog god of the sea who was spurned by the first mortal woman; also a god of hunters [23]
  • Amansinaya: the Tagalog goddess of fishermen [24]
  • Haik: the Tagalog god of the sea who protects travelers from tempests and storms [25]
  • Bulan-hari: one of the Tagalog deities sent by Bathala to aid the people of Pinak; can command rain to fall; married to Bitu-in [26]
  • Makapulaw: the Tagalog god of sailors [27]
  • Great Serpent of Pasig: a giant Tagalog serpent who created the Pasig river after merchants wished to the deity; in exchange for the Pasig's creation, the souls of the merchants would be owned by the serpent [28]
  • Quadruple Deities: the four childless naked Tau-buid Mangyan deities, composed of two gods who come from the sun and two goddesses who come from the upper part of the river; summoned using the paragayan or diolang plates [29]
  • Afo Sapa: the Buhid Mangyan owner of rivers [30]
  • Apu Dandum: the Hanunoo Mangyan spirit living in the water [31]
  • Tubigan: the Bicolano god of the water [32]
  • Dagat: the Bicolano goddess of the sea [33]
  • Bulan: the Bicolano moon god whose arm became the earth, and whose tears became the rivers and seas [34]
  • Magindang: the Bicolano god of fishing who leads fishermen in getting a good fish catch through sounds and signs [35]
  • Onos: the Bicolano deity who freed the great flood that changed the land's features [36]
  • Hamorawan Lady: the Waray deity of the Hamorawan spring in Borongan, who blesses the waters with healing properties [37]
  • Maka-andog: an epic Waray giant-hero who was friends with the sea spirits and controlled wildlife and fish; first inhabitant and ruler of Samar who lived for five centuries; later immortalized as a deity of fishing [38]
  • Maguayan: the Bisaya god who rules over the waters as his kingdom; father of Lidagat; brother of Kaptan [39]
  • Maguyaen: the Bisaya goddess of the winds of the sea [40]
  • Magauayan: the Bisaya sea deity who fought against Kaptan for eons until Manaul intervened [41]
  • Lidagat: the Bisaya sea deity married to the wind; daughter of Maguayan [42]
  • Bakunawa: the Bisaya serpent deity who can coil around the world; sought to swallow the seven "Queen" moons, successfully eating the six, where the last is guarded by bamboos [43]
  • Makilum-sa-tubig: the Bisaya god of the sea [44]
  • Kasaray-sarayan-sa-silgan: the Bisaya god of streams [45]
  • Magdan-durunoon: the Bisaya god of hidden lakes [46]
  • Santonilyo: a Bisaya deity who brings rain when its image is immersed at sea [47]
  • Magyawan: the Hiligaynon god of the sea [48]
  • Manunubo: the Hiligaynon and Aklanon good spirit of the sea [49]
  • Launsina: the Capiznon goddess of the sun, moon, stars, and seas, and the most beloved because people seek forgiveness from her [50]
  • Kapapu-an: the Karay-a pantheon of ancestral spirits from whom the supernatural powers of shamans originated from; their aid enables specific types of shamans to gush water from rocks, leap far distances, create oil shields, become invisible, or pass through solid matter [51]
  • Neguno: the Cuyonon and Agutaynen god of the sea that cursed a selfish man by turning him into the first shark [52]
  • Polo: the benevolent Tagbanwa god of the sea whose help is invoked during times of illness [53]
  • Diwata Kat Sidpan: a deity who lives in the western region called Sidpan; [54] controls the rains [55]
  • Diwata Kat Libatan: a deity who lives in the eastern region called Babatan; [56] controls the rain [57]
  • Tagma-sa-Dagat: the Subanon god of the sea [58]
  • Tagma-sa-uba: the Subanon god of the rivers [59]
  • Diwata na Magbabaya: simply referred as Magbabaya; the good Bukidnon supreme deity and supreme planner who looks like a man; created the earth and the first eight elements, namely bronze, gold, coins, rock, clouds, rain, iron, and water; using the elements, he also created the sea, sky, moon, and stars; also known as the pure god who wills all things; one of three deities living in the realm called Banting [60]
  • Dadanhayan ha Sugay: the evil Bukidnon lord from whom permission is asked; depicted as the evil deity with a human body and ten heads that continuously drools sticky saliva, which is the source of all waters; one of the three deities living in the realm called Banting [61]
  • Bulalakaw: the Bukidnon guardian of the water and all the creatures living in it [62]
  • Python of Pusod Hu Dagat: the gigantic Bukidnon python living at the center of the sea; caused a massive flood when it coiled its body at sea [63]
  • Bulalakaw: the Talaandig deity who safeguards the creatures in the rivers; the lalayon ritual is offered to the deity [64]
  • Tagbanua: the Manobo god of rain [65]
  • Yumud: the god of water [66]
  • Pamulak Manobo: the Bagobo supreme deity and creator of the world, including the land, sea, and the first humans; throws water from the sky, causing rain, while his spit are the showers [67]
  • Eels of Mount Apo: two giant Bagobo eels, where one went east and arrived at sea, begetting all the eels of the world; the other went west, and remained on land until it died and became the western foothills of Mount Apo [68]
  • Fon Eel: the Blaan spirit of water [69]
  • Fu El: the T'boli spirit of water [70]
  • Fu El Melel: the T'boli spirit of the river [71]
  • Segoyong: the Teduray guardians of the classes of natural phenomena; punishes humans to do not show respect and steal their wards; many of them specialize in a class, which can be water, trees, grasses, caves behind waterfalls, land caves, snakes, fire, nunuk trees, deers, and pigs [72]
  • Tunung: the Maguindanao spirits who live in the sky, water, mountain, or trees; listens to prayers and can converse with humans by borrowing the voice of a medium; protects humans from sickness and crops from pests [73]
  • Tonong: divine Maranao spirits who often aid heroes; often lives in nonok trees, seas, lakes, and the sky realm [74]
  • Umboh Tuhan: also called Umboh Dilaut, the Sama-Bajau god of the sea and one of the two supreme deities; married to Dayang Dayang Mangilai [75]
  • Umboh Kamun: the Sama-Bajau totem of mantis shrimp [76]
  • Sumangâ: the Sama-Bajau spirit of sea vessels; the guardian who deflects attacks [77]

Indonesian

Cambodia

  • Yeay Mao, a neak ta divinity in Khmer Buddhism that is the patron guardian of sailors, travelers, and hunters.

Vietnamese

  • Động Đình Quân, Kinh Dương Vương's father-in-law, grandfather of Lạc Long Quân, he was a Long Vương who lived in Dongting Lake.
  • Lạc Long Quân, he is the ancestor of the Vietnamese people and is also one of the top Long Vươngs under the Water Palace.
  • Bát Hải Long Vương or Vua Cha Bát Hải Động Đình, he is a Long Vương and also the father of Mẫu Thoải. He is the son of Lạc Long Quân and one of the heads of the Water Palace.
  • Đông Hải Long Vương, was the 25th son of Lạc Long Quân and Âu Cơ who ruled the whole Bồ Sào region, ruled the Red River, gathered people scattered because of floods to re-explore the hamlets, and kept quiet villages throughout the delta form Ngã ba Hạc to the sea estuary.
  • Mẫu Thoải, the head goddess of all rivers, lakes and seas. She governs water and all things related to water.
  • Long Vương, the Long Vương is a common name for the gods who rule over the sea and ocean.
  • Tô Lịch Giang Thần, god of Tô Lịch River.
  • Hà Bá, the god who manages the rivers (note that each river has its own governing god, and each person's power may be less or more powerful than Hà Bá).
  • Bà Thủy, goddess has the same function as Hà Bá
  • Cá Ông, this god often appears in the form of large fish (such as whales, dolphins, sperm whales,...) to help ships that have accidents due to weather at sea.
  • Độc Cước, god of protection for the people of the sea.
  • Thuồng Luồng or Giao Long, They can be water monsters, they can also be water gods.

Western Asia and Central Asia

Armenian

Canaanite

Hebrew

Hittite

Mesopotamian

Ossetia

Persian and Zoroastrian

Turkic

Oceania

Polynesian

Fijian

Hawaiian

Māori

Samoan

other island nations

Cook Islands

  • Tangaroa, God of the Ocean and Seas
  • Momoke, fair maidens, said to be water spirits with skin as pale as milk. These 'white ones' approach those on land during the night, emerging from deep pools of water to collect food or to seduce men before returning to the water depths. It is said that the Momoke come from an underwater nation, though some have said that this watery kingdom is also 'Avaiki'; paradise, heaven and the source of all of creation.

Aboriginal Australian

Europe

Baltic

Lithuanian

  • Bangpūtys, god of sea and storm.
  • Laumė, goddess of wild spaces, including waters.

Celtic

Gaulish

Irish

Welsh

Lusitanian

Germanic

Ancient

  • Ægir, personification of the sea.
  • Freyr, god of rain, sunlight, fertility, life, and summer.
  • Nehalennia, goddess of the North Sea.
  • Nerthus, mostly an earth goddess, but is also associated with lakes, springs, and holy waters.
  • Nine Daughters of Ægir, who personify the characteristics of waves.
  • Nix, water spirits who usually appear in human form.
  • Njörðr, god of the sea, particularly of seafaring.
  • Rán, sea goddess of death who collects the drowned in a net, wife of Ægir.
  • Rhenus Pater, god of the Rhine river
  • Rura, goddess of the Rur river
  • Sága, wisdom goddess who lives near water and pours Odin a drink when he visits.

English folklore

Late 18th-century statue of Father Thames by John Bacon the elder at Ham House, near Richmond, London Father Thames outside Ham House.jpg
Late 18th-century statue of Father Thames by John Bacon the elder at Ham House, near Richmond, London
  • Father Thames, human manifestation and/or guardian of the River Thames that flows through Southern England, while his ancient worship is obscure, he has become a popular symbol of the river in modern times, it being the subject of the song "Old Father Thames" and the model of several statues and reliefs scattered around London. [80]
  • Davy Jones, the Devil of the seas in Western piratical lore.
  • Tiddy Mun, a bog deity once worshiped in Lincolnshire, England who had the ability to control floods.

Scandinavian folklore

  • Sjörå, female lake spirits in Swedish folklore

Greek

Slavic

Illyrian

Uralic

Finnish

Americas

Central America and the Caribbean

Lencan

Mexico

  • Atlaua, god of water, archers, and fishermen.
  • Chalchiuhtlicue, goddess of water, lakes, rivers, seas, streams, horizontal waters, storms, and baptism.
  • Opochtli, god of fishing and birdcatchers.
  • Tlāloc, god of water, fertility, and rain.
  • Tlaloque, a group of rain, water, and mountain gods.

Mayan

Pech

  • Kaeki Kaska, goddess of the lakes, rivers, and the fish

Taíno

North America

Inuit

  • Aipaloovik, an evil sea god associated with death and destruction.
  • Alignak, a lunar deity and god of weather, water, tides, eclipses, and earthquakes.
  • Arnapkapfaaluk, a fearsome sea goddess.
  • Idliragijenget, god of the ocean.
  • Kanajuk, the scorpionfish god and husband of the goddesses Nuliajuk and Isarraitaitsoq.
  • Nootaikok, god who presided over icebergs and glaciers.
  • Nuliajuk and Isarraitaitsoq, goddesses of the sea's depths and its creatures among the Netsilik Inuit.
  • Sedna, goddess of the sea and its creatures.

South America

Tupi-Guarani (Brazilian Myth)

  • Boto, A deity that is capable of impregnating unmarried women.
  • Amanasy, Goddess of the rain and frogs.
  • Iara, Guardian of the water and of the Amazon River.
  • Ipupiara, Guardian of the sea.
  • Luruaçu, Goddess of the storms.
  • Tupã, God of the thunder, weather, storms and clouds.

Incan

  • Amaru, a colossal winged dragon-like celestial deity that can manipulate all the elements of nature.
  • Mama Qucha, goddess of water, lakes, rivers, seas, streams, ponds, rain, thunderstorms, and all sources of water.
  • Pariacaca, god of water, winds, and rainstorms.
  • Paricia, god who sent a flood to kill humans who did not respect him adequately.
  • Tunupa, god of fire, volcanoes, the sky and water.

Panche/Muisca

  • Mohan, a mischievous entity associated with rivers, lakes and water in general.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippine mythology</span>

Philippine mythology is rooted in the many indigenous Philippine folk religions. Philippine mythology exhibits influence from Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, and Christian traditions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indigenous Philippine folk religions</span> Native religions of the Philippines

Indigenous Philippine folk religions are the distinct native religions of various ethnic groups in the Philippines, where most follow belief systems in line with animism. Generally, these Indigenous folk religions are referred to as Anito or Anitism or the more modern and less ethnocentric Dayawism, where a set of local worship traditions are devoted to the anito or diwata, terms which translate to Gods, spirits, and ancestors. Many of the narratives within the indigenous folk religions are orally transmitted to the next generation, but many have traditionally been written down as well. The Spanish have claimed that the natives did not have religious writings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snakes in mythology</span> Serpent that only appears in myths and legends

Snakes are a common occurrence in myths for a multitude of cultures. The Hopi people of North America viewed snakes as symbols of healing, transformation, and fertility. Snakes in Mexican folk culture tell about the fear of the snake to the pregnant women where the snake attacks the umbilical cord. The Great Goddess often had snakes as her familiars, sometimes twining around her sacred staff, as in ancient Crete, and they were worshipped as guardians of her mysteries of birth and regeneration. Although not entirely a snake, the plumed serpent, Quetzalcoatl, in Mesoamerican cultures, particularly Mayan and Aztec, held a multitude of roles as a deity. He was viewed as a twin entity which embodied that of god and man and equally man and serpent, yet was closely associated with fertility. In ancient Aztec mythology, Quetzalcoatl was the son of the fertility earth goddess, Cihuacoatl, and cloud serpent and hunting god, Mixcoatl. His roles took the form of everything from bringer of morning winds and bright daylight for healthy crops, to a sea god capable of bringing on great floods. As shown in the images there are images of the sky serpent with its tail in its mouth, it is believed to be a reverence to the sun, for which Quetzalcoatl was also closely linked.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Weather god</span> Deity associated with thunder, rains and storms

A weather god or goddess, also frequently known as a storm god or goddess, is a deity in mythology associated with weather phenomena such as thunder, snow, lightning, rain, wind, storms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. Should they only be in charge of one feature of a storm, they will be called after that attribute, such as a rain god or a lightning/thunder god. This singular attribute might then be emphasized more than the generic, all-encompassing term "storm god", though with thunder/lightning gods, the two terms seem interchangeable. They feature commonly in polytheistic religions, especially in Proto-Indo-European ones.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indigenous Philippine shrines and sacred grounds</span> Holy places in Philippine folk religions

Indigenous Philippine shrines and sacred grounds are places regarded as holy within the indigenous Philippine folk religions. These places usually serve as grounds for communication with the spirit world, especially to the deities and ancestral spirits. In some cases, they also function as safeguards for the caskets of ancestors, as well as statues or other objects depicting divine entities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tagalog religion</span> Indigenous Philippine religion

Tagalog religion mainly consists of Tagalog Austronesian religious elements, supplemented with other elements later obtained from Hinduism, Mahayana Buddhism, and Islam. It was contemporaneously referred to by Spanish priests as tagalismo. It is also referred to by some as anitism, after the Tagalog term "anito" meaning "god" or "deity".

References

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  2. ↑ African Religion defined: A Systematic Study of Ancestor Worship among the Akan
  3. ↑ African Religion defined: A Systematic Study of Ancestor Worship among the Akan
  4. ↑ African Religion defined: A Systematic Study of Ancestor Worship among the Akan
  5. ↑ African Religion defined: A Systematic Study of Ancestor Worship among the Akan
  6. ↑ Kalis, Simone, Médecine traditionnelle, religion et divination ches les Seereer Siin du Sénégal –La connaissance de la nuit, L'Harmattan (1997), p. 123, ISBN   2-7384-5196-9
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  51. ↑ Magos, Alicia P. 1978. "The Ma-aram in a Kiniray-a Society." Master's thesis, University of the Philippines, Diliman.
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  53. ↑ CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art: Peoples of the Philippines (1994). Cultural Center of the Philippines.
  54. ↑ Filipino Heritage: The metal age in the Philippines (1977). Manila: Lahing Pilipino Pub.
  55. ↑ Fox, R. B. (1982). Religion and Society Among the Tagbanuas of Palawan Island, Philippines. Manila: National Museum
  56. ↑ Filipino Heritage: The metal age in the Philippines (1977). Manila: Lahing Pilipino Pub.
  57. ↑ Fox, R. B. (1982). Religion and Society Among the Tagbanuas of Palawan Island, Philippines. Manila: National Museum
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  59. ↑ Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.
  60. ↑ Unabia, C. C. (1986). THe Bukidnon Batbatonon and Pamuhay: A Socio-Literary Study. Quezon City : UP Press.
  61. ↑ Unabia, C. C. (1986). THe Bukidnon Batbatonon and Pamuhay: A Socio-Literary Study. Quezon City : UP Press.
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  63. ↑ Esteban, R. C., Casanova, A. R., Esteban, I. C. (2011). Folktales of Southern Philippines. Anvil Publishing.
  64. ↑ Global ICCA Database: Igmale'ng'en sacred forests of Portulin, Mindanao, Philippines. Indigenous Peoples' and Community Conserved Areas and Territories Consortium.
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  66. ↑ Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.
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  68. ↑ Esteban, R. C., Casanova, A. R., Esteban, I. C. (2011). Folktales of Southern Philippines. Anvil Publishing.
  69. ↑ Cole, M. C. (1916). Philippine Folk Tales. Chicago: A. C. McClurg and Company.
  70. ↑ Cudera, R. B., Razon, B. C., Millondaga, K. J. I. (2020). Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata (Insecta) to the T'boli of Lake Sebu, Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity.
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