List of water deities

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Water god in an ancient Roman mosaic. Zeugma Mosaic Museum, Gaziantep, Turkey Gaziantep Zeugma Museum Water gods mosaic 8199.jpg
Water god in an ancient Roman mosaic. Zeugma Mosaic Museum, Gaziantep, Turkey

A water deity is a deity in mythology associated with water or various bodies of water. Water deities are common in mythology and were usually more important among civilizations in which the sea or ocean, or a great river was more important. Another important focus of worship of water deities has been springs or holy wells.

Contents

As a form of animal worship, whales and snakes (hence dragons) have been regarded as godly deities throughout the world (as are other animals such as turtles, fish, crabs, and sharks). In Asian lore, whales and dragons sometimes have connections. [1] Serpents are also common as a symbol or as serpentine deities, sharing many similarities with dragons.

Africa/Sub-Sahara

Akan

Bantu

Dahomey

Dogon

Ewe / Fon

Lugandan

Serer

Yoruba

Asia-Pacific and Oceania

East Asia

Taoism and Chinese folk religion

Chinese sea goddess Mazu Lu Gang Xin Zu Gong [Qing Duan Yang Huo Dong ] .jpg
Chinese sea goddess Mazu

Japanese

Ainu

Korean

  • Imoogi or Imugi, giant serpents of Korean folklore which later become true dragons.
  • King Munmu, a king who wished to become a dragon before his death to protect Korea from the Sea of Japan.
  • Yongwang, an undersea deity believed to determine the fortunes of fishermen and sailors.

South Asia

Hindu

In Hindu culture, each water body is worshipped as a form of God. Hence, the rivers are worshipped as goddesses and the ocean is worshipped as a god.

Varuna, the Lord of All the Water Bodies Varunadeva.jpg
Varuna, the Lord of All the Water Bodies
  • Ap, group of water goddesses.
  • Apam Napat, god of fresh water, such as in rivers and lakes.
  • Danu, goddess of primordial waters, mother of Vritra and the Danavas.
  • Makara, mystical creature of waters.
  • Varuna, the God of the ocean and rains and water.
  • Indra, King of the Gods, God of weather, and bringer of rain, thunderstorms and clouds.
  • Saptasindhu, the seven holy rivers of India, namely:
  • Ganga, the Goddess of the Ganges River.
  • Yamuna, the Goddess of the Yamuna River.
  • Saraswati, the divine Goddess of knowledge and wisdom who was personified as a river that dried up in ancient times.
  • Indus, also called Sindhu. The river is considered the eldest daughter of the Himalaya mountains.
  • Narmada, the river Goddess often worshipped as a deity and daughter of Lord Shiva.
  • Godavari, the longest river of South India. The river is also considered as Dakshina Ganga aka South(ern) Ganga.
  • Kaveri, a river of South India, worshipped by people as a goddess who was previously incarnated as Lopamudra, the wife of Sage Agastya.
  • Rivers such as Tapi, also known as Tapati, is worshipped as a daughter of the sun god, Surya.
  • The river Krishna, worshipped as Krishnaveni Devi/Krishna Mai, is considered to be Lord Vishnu born as a river.
  • Tungabhadra, a tributary of Krishna, is worshipped as a goddess. The river is also known as Pampa.
  • Pamba River and Suvarnamukhi River flowing past the holy temple towns of Sabarimala in Kerala and Tirupati and Srikalahasti in Andhra Pradesh, respectively.
  • The river Brahmaputra is the only river to have a male personification, whose name means "son of Brahma", the creator.
  • Mariamman, regional goddess of the rain and medicine

Meitei

  • Wangbren, the Sea God who holds storm, rain and disaster .
  • Poubi Lai, the giant dragon who ruled its tyranny in the Loktak lake.
  • Irai Leima, the Goddess of water and aquatic life.
  • Ngāreima, goddess of fish
  • Thongjarok Lairembi of Thongjaorok River
  • Iril Lairembi of Iril River
  • Imphal Turel Lairembi of Imphal River
  • Kongba Turel Lairembi of Kongba River
  • Loktak Ima of Loktak Lake
  • Pumlenpat Lairembi of Pumlenpat Lake

Southeast Asia, Oceania and Pacific

Filipino

  • Sirinan: the Isnag spirit of the river [9]
  • Limat: the Gaddang god of the sea [10]
  • Oden: the Bugkalot deity of the rain, worshiped for its life-giving waters [11]
  • Ocean Deity: the Ilocano goddess of the ocean whose waters slammed the ediface of salt being built by Ang-ngalo and Asin, causing the sea's water to become salty [12]
  • Gods of the Pistay Dayat: Pangasinense gods who are pacified through the Pistay Dayat ritual, where offerings are given to the spirits of the waters who pacify the gods [13]
  • Anitun Tauo: the Sambal goddess of win and rain who was reduced in rank by Malayari for her conceit [14]
  • Sedsed: the Aeta god of the sea [15]
  • Apûng Malyari: the Kapampangan moon god who lives in Mt. Pinatubo and ruler of the eight rivers [16]
  • Lakandanum: variant of the Kapampangan Naga, known to rule the waters [17]
  • Bathala: the Tagalog supreme god and creator deity, also known as Bathala Maykapal, Lumilikha, and Abba; an enormous being with control over thunder, lightning, flood, fire, thunder, and earthquakes; presides over lesser deities and uses spirits to intercede between divinities and mortals [18]
  • Anitun Tabu: the Tagalog goddess of wind and rain and daughter of Idianale and Dumangan [19]
  • Lakapati: the Tagalog hermaphrodite deity and protector of sown fields, sufficient field waters, and abundant fish catch [20]
  • Amanikable: the Tagalog god of the sea who was spurned by the first mortal woman; also a god of hunters [21]
  • Amansinaya: the Tagalog goddess of fishermen [22]
  • Haik: the Tagalog god of the sea who protects travelers from tempests and storms [23]
  • Bulan-hari: one of the Tagalog deities sent by Bathala to aid the people of Pinak; can command rain to fall; married to Bitu-in [24]
  • Makapulaw: the Tagalog god of sailors [25]
  • Great Serpent of Pasig: a giant Tagalog serpent who created the Pasig river after merchants wished to the deity; in exchange for the Pasig's creation, the souls of the merchants would be owned by the serpent [26]
  • Quadruple Deities: the four childless naked Tau-buid Mangyan deities, composed of two gods who come from the sun and two goddesses who come from the upper part of the river; summoned using the paragayan or diolang plates [27]
  • Afo Sapa: the Buhid Mangyan owner of rivers [28]
  • Apu Dandum: the Hanunoo Mangyan spirit living in the water [29]
  • Tubigan: the Bicolano god of the water [30]
  • Dagat: the Bicolano goddess of the sea [31]
  • Bulan: the Bicolano moon god whose arm became the earth, and whose tears became the rivers and seas [32]
  • Magindang: the Bicolano god of fishing who leads fishermen in getting a good fish catch through sounds and signs [33]
  • Onos: the Bicolano deity who freed the great flood that changed the land's features [34]
  • Hamorawan Lady: the Waray deity of the Hamorawan spring in Borongan, who blesses the waters with healing properties [35]
  • Maka-andog: an epic Waray giant-hero who was friends with the sea spirits and controlled wildlife and fish; first inhabitant and ruler of Samar who lived for five centuries; later immortalized as a deity of fishing [36]
  • Maguayan: the Bisaya god who rules over the waters as his kingdom; father of Lidagat; brother of Kaptan [37]
  • Maguyaen: the Bisaya goddess of the winds of the sea [38]
  • Magauayan: the Bisaya sea deity who fought against Kaptan for eons until Manaul intervened [39]
  • Lidagat: the Bisaya sea deity married to the wind; daughter of Maguayan [40]
  • Bakunawa: the Bisaya serpent deity who can coil around the world; sought to swallow the seven "Queen" moons, successfully eating the six, where the last is guarded by bamboos [41]
  • Makilum-sa-tubig: the Bisaya god of the sea [42]
  • Kasaray-sarayan-sa-silgan: the Bisaya god of streams [43]
  • Magdan-durunoon: the Bisaya god of hidden lakes [44]
  • Santonilyo: a Bisaya deity who brings rain when its image is immersed at sea [45]
  • Magyawan: the Hiligaynon god of the sea [46]
  • Manunubo: the Hiligaynon and Aklanon good spirit of the sea [47]
  • Launsina: the Capiznon goddess of the sun, moon, stars, and seas, and the most beloved because people seek forgiveness from her [48]
  • Kapapu-an: the Karay-a pantheon of ancestral spirits from whom the supernatural powers of shamans originated from; their aid enables specific types of shamans to gush water from rocks, leap far distances, create oil shields, become invisible, or pass through solid matter [49]
  • Neguno: the Cuyonon and Agutaynen god of the sea that cursed a selfish man by turning him into the first shark [50]
  • Polo: the benevolent Tagbanwa god of the sea whose help is invoked during times of illness [51]
  • Diwata Kat Sidpan: a deity who lives in the western region called Sidpan; [52] controls the rains [53]
  • Diwata Kat Libatan: a deity who lives in the eastern region called Babatan; [54] controls the rain [55]
  • Tagma-sa-Dagat: the Subanon god of the sea [56]
  • Tagma-sa-uba: the Subanon god of the rivers [57]
  • Diwata na Magbabaya: simply referred as Magbabaya; the good Bukidnon supreme deity and supreme planner who looks like a man; created the earth and the first eight elements, namely bronze, gold, coins, rock, clouds, rain, iron, and water; using the elements, he also created the sea, sky, moon, and stars; also known as the pure god who wills all things; one of three deities living in the realm called Banting [58]
  • Dadanhayan ha Sugay: the evil Bukidnon lord from whom permission is asked; depicted as the evil deity with a human body and ten heads that continuously drools sticky saliva, which is the source of all waters; one of the three deities living in the realm called Banting [59]
  • Bulalakaw: the Bukidnon guardian of the water and all the creatures living in it [60]
  • Python of Pusod Hu Dagat: the gigantic Bukidnon python living at the center of the sea; caused a massive flood when it coiled its body at sea [61]
  • Bulalakaw: the Talaandig deity who safeguards the creatures in the rivers; the lalayon ritual is offered to the deity [62]
  • Tagbanua: the Manobo god of rain [63]
  • Yumud: the god of water [64]
  • Pamulak Manobo: the Bagobo supreme deity and creator of the world, including the land, sea, and the first humans; throws water from the sky, causing rain, while his spit are the showers [65]
  • Eels of Mount Apo: two giant Bagobo eels, where one went east and arrived at sea, begetting all the eels of the world; the other went west, and remained on land until it died and became the western foothills of Mount Apo [66]
  • Fon Eel: the Blaan spirit of water [67]
  • Fu El: the T;boli spirit of water [68]
  • Fu El Melel: the T'boli spirit of the river [69]
  • Segoyong: the Teduray guardians of the classes of natural phenomena; punishes humans to do not show respect and steal their wards; many of them specialize in a class, which can be water, trees, grasses, caves behind waterfalls, land caves, snakes, fire, nunuk trees, deers, and pigs [70]
  • Tunung: the Maguindanao spirits who live in the sky, water, mountain, or trees; listens to prayers and can converse with humans by borrowing the voice of a medium; protects humans from sickness and crops from pests [71]
  • Tonong: divine Maranao spirits who often aid heroes; often lives in nonok trees, seas, lakes, and the sky realm [72]
  • Umboh Tuhan: also called Umboh Dilaut, the Sama-Bajau god of the sea and one of the two supreme deities; married to Dayang Dayang Mangilai [73]
  • Umboh Kamun: the Sama-Bajau totem of mantis shrimp [74]
  • Sumangâ: the Sama-Bajau spirit of sea vessels; the guardian who deflects attacks [75]

Indonesian

Cambodia

• Yeay Mao, a neak ta divinity in Khmer Buddhism that is the patron guardian of sailors, travelers, and hunters.

Vietnamese

Turkic

Polynesian

Fijian

Hawaiian

Māori

Samoan

other island nations

Cook Islands

  • Tangaroa, God of the Ocean and Seas
  • Momoke, fair maidens, said to be water spirits with skin as pale as milk. These 'white ones' approach those on land during the night, emerging from deep pools of water to collect food or to seduce men before returning to the water depths. It is said that the Momoke come from an underwater nation, though some have said that this watery kingdom is also 'Avaiki'; paradise, heaven and the source of all of creation.

Aboriginal Australian

Europe

Baltic

Lithuanian

  • Bangpūtys, god of sea and storm.
  • Laumė, goddess of wild spaces, including waters.

Celtic

Gaulish

Irish

Welsh

Lusitanian

Germanic

Ancient

  • Ægir, personification of the sea.
  • Freyr, god of rain, sunlight, fertility, life, and summer.
  • Nehalennia, goddess of the North Sea.
  • Nerthus, mostly an earth goddess, but is also associated with lakes, springs, and holy waters.
  • Nine Daughters of Ægir, who personify the characteristics of waves.
  • Nix, water spirits who usually appear in human form.
  • Njörðr, god of the sea, particularly of seafaring.
  • Rán, sea goddess of death who collects the drowned in a net, wife of Ægir.
  • Rhenus Pater, god of the Rhine river
  • Rura, goddess of the Rur river
  • Sága, wisdom goddess who lives near water and pours Odin a drink when he visits.

English folklore

Late 18th-century statue of Father Thames by John Bacon the elder at Ham House, near Richmond, London Father Thames outside Ham House.jpg
Late 18th-century statue of Father Thames by John Bacon the elder at Ham House, near Richmond, London
  • Father Thames, human manifestation and/or guardian of the River Thames that flows through Southern England, while his ancient worship is obscure, he has become a popular symbol of the river in modern times, it being the subject of the song "Old Father Thames" and the model of several statues and reliefs scattered around London. [78]
  • Davy Jones, the Devil of the seas in Western piratical lore.
  • Tiddy Mun, a bog deity once worshiped in Lincolnshire, England who had the ability to control floods.

Scandinavian folklore

  • Sjörå, female lake spirits in Swedish folklore

Greek

Slavic

Uralic

Finnish

Native Americas

Central America and the Caribbean

Lencan

Mexico

  • Atlaua, god of water, archers, and fishermen.
  • Chalchiuhtlicue, goddess of water, lakes, rivers, seas, streams, horizontal waters, storms, and baptism.
  • Opochtli, god of fishing and birdcatchers.
  • Tlāloc, god of water, fertility, and rain.
  • Tlaloque, a group of rain, water, and mountain gods.

Mayan

  • Chaac, god of rain.
  • Kukulcan, god of the seas, oceans, and storms

Pech

  • Kaeki Kaska, goddess of the lakes, rivers, and the fish

Taíno

North America

Inuit

  • Aipaloovik, an evil sea god associated with death and destruction.
  • Alignak, a lunar deity and god of weather, water, tides, eclipses, and earthquakes.
  • Arnapkapfaaluk, a fearsome sea goddess.
  • Idliragijenget, god of the ocean.
  • Kanajuk, the scorpionfish god and husband of the goddesses Nuliajuk and Isarraitaitsoq.
  • Nootaikok, god who presided over icebergs and glaciers.
  • Nuliajuk and Isarraitaitsoq, goddesses of the sea's depths and its creatures among the Netsilik Inuit.
  • Sedna, goddess of the sea and its creatures.

South America

Tupi-Guarani (Brazilian Myth)

Incan

  • Pariacaca, god of water and rainstorms.
  • Paricia, god who sent a flood to kill humans who did not respect him adequately.

Panche/Muisca

  • Mohan, a mischievous entity associated with rivers, lakes and water in general.

Western Asia and Northern Africa

Armenian

Canaanite

Egyptian

Hebrew

Hittite

Mesopotamian

Ossetia

Persian and Zoroastrian

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people</span>

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  77. ↑ Brigit - The Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids
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