Carillons, musical instruments of bells in the percussion family, are found throughout Germany. Several institutions maintain registries on the location and statistics of carillons. Some registries specialize in counting specific types of carillons. For example, the War Memorial and Peace Carillons registry counts instruments which serve as war memorials or were built in the name of promoting world peace (and tracks one in Germany); [1] the World Carillon Federation counts carillons throughout the country, along with the rest of the world. In 2025, the casting of bells and playing music on bells was added to Germany's list of intangible cultural heritage. [2]
The German Carillon Association counts carillons throughout Germany, and according to the organization, there are 49 in total. [3] They are distributed across 41 cities; in four of them – Berlin, Bonn, Cologne, and Hamburg –there are more than one. The population has a wide range in total weights, with bourdons spanning from 20 kilograms (44 lb) in Altenburg [4] and Schwerin [5] to 8,056 kilograms (17,760 lb) in Halle (Saale). [6] They also span a wide range of notes, from 23 in Bonn [7] and Lößnitz [8] up to 76 in Halle (Saale). [6] The carillons were all exclusively constructed after 1900 by a mix of bellfounders, many of them German. The majority of carillons are transposing instruments, and often transpose such that the lowest note on the keyboard is B♭ or C. There are also two mobile carillons, which were constructed and are owned by two German bellfounders: Perner and Sandkuhl. [3]
According to the World Carillon Federation , the carillons of Germany account for seven percent of the world's total. [9]
The World Carillon Federation defines a carillon as an instrument of at least 23 cast bronze bells hung in fixed suspension, played with a traditional keyboard of batons, and tuned in chromatic order so that they can be sounded harmoniously together. It may designate instruments of 15 to 22 bells built before 1940 as "historical carillons". [10] Its member organizations –including for example the German Carillon Association –also define a carillon with those restrictions. [11] This list contains only those carillons that meet the definition outlined by these organizations.
Name | City | Bells | Bourdon weight | Total weight | Range and transposition | Bellfounder(s) | Ref. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
kg | lb | kg | lb | |||||||
![]() | Perner Carillon | Passau | 49 | 450 | 990 | 4,000 | 8,800 | Up 12 semitones | Perner 2012 | [71] [72] |
— | Sandkuhl Carillon | Rostock | 37 | 265 | 584 | 1,798 | 3,964 | ![]() Up 12 semitones | Sandkuhl 2004 | [73] [74] |
The definition of a carillon is fixed as follows: 'A carillon is a musical instrument composed of tuned bronze bells which are played from a baton keyboard'. Only those carillons having at least 23 bells will be taken into consideration.
Ein Carillon (im deutschen Sprachgebrauch manchmal auch als Turmglockenspiel oder Konzertglockenspiel bezeichnet), hat gegenüber einem Kirchengeläut mindestens 23 Bronzeglocken (zwei Oktaven in chromatischer Reihenfolge), die mit einer Handspieleinrichtung verbunden sind. Diese Handspieleinrichtung, auch Stockspieltisch genannt, ist mit dem Spieltisch einer Orgel vergleichbar, jedoch in anderen Dimensionen. Die Tasten für die Hände sind als gerundete Holzstäbe gefertigt und werden auch Stocktasten genannt. [A carillon (sometimes also referred to as a tower glockenspiel or concert glockenspiel in German) has at least 23 bronze bells (two octaves in chromatic order) compared to a church bell, which are connected to a hand-held device. This hand-held device, also known as a stick console, is comparable to the console of an organ, but in different dimensions. The keys for the hands are made as rounded wooden sticks and are also called stick keys.]