List of endangered languages in China

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Language Endangerment Status
Extinct (EX)
Endangered
Safe
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UNESCO Atlas of the World's
Languages in Danger categories

An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct": [1]

Contents

Languages

China
LanguageStatusCommentsISO 639-3
Adi language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Indiaadi
Aluo language Definitely endangered [1]  yna
Amis language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. ami
Amok language Critically endangered [1] Also spoken in: Laos, Burma, Thailandmqt
Anung language Critically endangered [1]  nun
Aqaw Gelao language Critically endangered [1]  gio
Ayizi language Critically endangered [1]  yyz
Baheng language Vulnerable [1]  pha
Baima language Vulnerable [1]  bqh
Bokar language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Indiaadi
Bola language Definitely endangered [1]  bxd
Bonan language Definitely endangered [1]  peh
Bori language Definitely endangered [1] Also spoken in: Indiaadi
Bunun language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. bnn
Buryat language Definitely endangered [1] (Manchuria). Also spoken in: Mongoliabxm, bxr, bxu
Buyang language Severely endangered [1]  yzg, yha, yin
Chesu language Definitely endangered [1]  ych
Chintaw language Critically endangered [1]  xia
Choyi language Definitely endangered [1]  qvy
Cosung language Definitely endangered [1]  lkc
Dagur language Critically endangered [1] (Amur). dta
Ersu language Definitely endangered [1]  ers
Evenki language Severely endangered [1] (Northeast China). Also spoken in: Russiatuw-sol, orh
Fuyu Kyrgyz language Critically endangered [1] (Northeast China). Belong to Siberian Turkic
Gangou language Severely endangered [1]   
Gazhuo language Definitely endangered [1]  kaf
Green Gelao language Critically endangered [1]  giq
Guichong language Vulnerable [1]  gqi
Hlersu language Vulnerable [1]  hle
Hu language Definitely endangered [1]  huo
Huzhu Monguor language Severely endangered [1]  mjg
Idu language Definitely endangered [1] Also spoken in: Indiaclk
Ili Turki language Critically endangered [1]  ili
Jinuo language Definitely endangered [1]  jiy, jiu
Jiongnai Bunu language Definitely endangered [1]  pnu
Jone language Definitely endangered [1]  cda
Kanakanavu language Critically endangered [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. xnb
Kangjia language Severely endangered [1]  kxs
Kathu language Definitely endangered [1]  ykt
Kavalan language Critically endangered [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. ckv
Khamba language Definitely endangered [1] Also spoken in: Indiakbg
Khamnigan Mongol language Definitely endangered [1] Also spoken in: Mongolia, Russia 
Khmin language Vulnerable [1]  bgk
Kilen language Critically endangered [1] Also spoken in: Russiagld
Ladakhi language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Indiacan, lbj, tkk
Laemae language Severely endangered [1]   
Lai language Definitely endangered [1]  ply
Laji language Critically endangered [1]  lbt
Lajia language Definitely endangered [1]  lbc
Lalo language Vulnerable [1]  yik, ywt, yit, ywl
Lamu language Critically endangered [1]  llh
Laomian language Definitely endangered [1]  lwm
Lopnor Uighur Critically endangered [1] Also known as Lopluk. uig
Mak language Definitely endangered [1]  mkg
Manchu language Critically endangered [1] (Amur).mnc
Manchu language Critically endangered [1] (Nonni).mnc
Manchurian Kirghiz language Critically endangered [1]   
Manchurian Ölöt language Severely endangered [1]   
Mang language Definitely endangered [1]  zng
Maonan language Vulnerable [1]  mmd
Miju language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Indiamxj
Minhe Monguor language Definitely endangered [1]  mjg
Miqie language Definitely endangered [1]  yiq
Mo'ang language Definitely endangered [1]   
Mok language Definitely endangered [1]  tlq
Motuo Menba language Definitely endangered [1] Also spoken in: Indiatsj
Mra language Critically endangered [1] Also spoken in: India 
Muda language Vulnerable [1]  ymd
Muji language Definitely endangered [1]  ymx, ymq, ymc, ymi, ymz
Mulam language Vulnerable [1]  mlm
Mulao language Severely endangered [1]   
Muya language Vulnerable [1]  mvm
Na language Critically endangered [1] Also spoken in: India 
Naluo language Vulnerable [1]  ylo
Namuyi language Vulnerable [1]  nmy
Nanay language Severely endangered [1] Also spoken in: Russiagld
Nataoran language Critically endangered [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. ais
Northern Tujia language Severely endangered [1]  tji
Numao Bunu language Definitely endangered [1]  bwx
Ordos language Definitely endangered [1]  drh, khk, mvf
Oyrat language Definitely endangered [1] Also spoken in: Kyrgyzstan, Mongoliaxal
Paiwan language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. pwn
Pakan language Definitely endangered [1]  bbh
Patua language Critically endangered [1]  mzs
Phula language Vulnerable [1]  ypa, ypg, ypo, yip, ypn, yhl, ypb, phh, ypm, ypp, yph, ypz
Pupeo language Definitely endangered [1]  laq
Pyuma language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. pyu
Rao language Definitely endangered [1]  tct
Red Gelao language Critically endangered [1]  gir
Rukai language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. dru
Saaroa language Critically endangered [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. sxr
Saisiyat language Severely endangered [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. xsy
Salar language Vulnerable [1]  slr
Samatao language Critically endangered [1]  ysd
Samatu language Critically endangered [1]   
Samei language Severely endangered [1]  smh
Sangkong language Vulnerable [1]  sgk
Santa language Vulnerable [1]  sce
Sanyi language Severely endangered [1]  ysy
Sarikoli language Definitely endangered [1]  srh
Saryg Yugur language Severely endangered [1]  ybe
She language Critically endangered [1]  shx
Sherpa language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: India, Nepalxsr
Shingsaba language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Nepallhm
Shira Yugur language Severely endangered [1]  yuy
Shixing language Definitely endangered [1]  sxg
Sibe language Severely endangered [1]  sjo
Sinkiang Dagur language Definitely endangered [1]  dta
Solon language Definitely endangered [1]  evn, orh
Southern Tujia language Severely endangered [1]  tjs
Sulung language Definitely endangered [1] Also spoken in: Indiasuv
Talu language Vulnerable [1]  yta
Tanglang language Vulnerable [1]  ytl
Tangwang language Definitely endangered [1]   
Taroko language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. trv
Taruang language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: India, Burmamhu
Tawang language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Bhutan, Indiatwm
Tayal language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. tay
Thao language Critically endangered [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. ssf
Tinan language Definitely endangered [1] Also spoken in: Indialbf
Tshangla language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Bhutan, Indiatsj
Tsou language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. tsy
Tuvan language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Mongolia, Russiatyv
U language Definitely endangered [1]  uuu
Utsat language Definitely endangered [1]  huq
Wakhi language Definitely endangered [1] Also spoken in: Pakistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistanwbl
Waxiang language Vulnerable [1]  wxa
White Gelao language Severely endangered [1]  giw
Wunai Bunu language Definitely endangered [1]  bwn
Wuse language Vulnerable [1]  eee
Wutun language Definitely endangered [1]  wuh
Yami language Vulnerable [1] Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. tao
Yerong language Severely endangered [1]  yrn
Younuo Bunu language Definitely endangered [1]  buh
Zaiwa language Definitely endangered [1] Also spoken in: Indiazkr
Zaozou language Vulnerable [1]  zal
Zhaba language Vulnerable [1]  zhb

Hokkien Language-Province of Fujian -Cantonese-Guangdong Province-Hakka-Guangdong, Fujian, Sichuan-Hainanese-Hainan

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Endangered language</span> Language that is at risk of going extinct

An endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a "dead language". If no one can speak the language at all, it becomes an "extinct language". A dead language may still be studied through recordings or writings, but it is still dead or extinct unless there are fluent speakers. Although languages have always become extinct throughout human history, they are currently dying at an accelerated rate because of globalization, mass migration, cultural replacement, imperialism, neocolonialism and linguicide.

Lists of endangered languages are mainly based on the definitions used by UNESCO. In order to be listed, a language must be classified as "endangered" in a cited academic source. Researchers have concluded that in less than one hundred years, almost half of the languages known today will be lost forever. The lists are organized by region.

ǃOrakobab or Khoemana, also known as Korana, ǃOra, or Griqua, is a moribund Khoe language of South Africa.

The She language, autonym Ho Le or Ho Ne, or Ho Nte, is a critically endangered Hmong–Mien language spoken by the She people. Most of the over 709,000 She people today speak She Chinese. Those who speak Sheyu—approximately 1,200 individuals in Guangdong Province—call themselves Ho Ne, "mountain people".

The Han Chinese people can be defined into subgroups based on linguistic, cultural, ethnic, genetic, and regional features. The terminology used in Mandarin to describe the groups is: "minxi", used in mainland China or "zuqun", used in Taiwan. No Han subgroup is recognized as one of People's Republic of China's 56 official ethnic groups, in Taiwan only three subgroups, Hoklo, Hakka and Waishengren are recognized.

<i>Atlas of the Worlds Languages in Danger</i> UNESCO publication of endangered languages

The UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger was an online publication containing a comprehensive list of the world's endangered languages. It originally replaced the Red Book of Endangered Languages as a title in print after a brief period of overlap before being transferred to an online only publication.

Gorum, or Parengi, is a nearly-extinct minor Munda language of India.

Kasong, also previously known as "Chong of Trat", is an endangered Pearic language of the Austroasiatic family spoken in Bo Rai District, Trat Province of Thailand. On the basis of lexical similarity determined with a relatively short word list, Kasong has been classified as a dialect of Central Chong. However, further study and longer word lists point to Kasong being a separate language closely related to Chong and Samre. Kasong is nearly extinct; there are no monolinguals and all speakers use Thai as their primary language.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN   978-92-3-104096-2 . Retrieved 2015-04-11.
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