List of endangered languages in Russia

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Language Endangerment Status
Extinct (EX)
Endangered
Safe
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UNESCO Atlas of the World's
Languages in Danger categories

An endangered language is a language that is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. A language may be endangered in one area but show signs of revitalisation in another, as with the Irish language.

Contents

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization defines five levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct": [1]

The list below includes the findings from the third edition of Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010; formerly the Red Book of Endangered Languages), as well as the online edition of the aforementioned publication, both published by UNESCO. [2]

Russian Federation
LanguageStatusNationsISO 639-3
Abaza language [1] Definitely endangeredRussia, Turkeyabq
Abkhaz language [1] VulnerableGeorgia, Russia, Turkeyabk
Adyghe language (West Circassian) [1] Definitely endangeredIraq, Israel, Jordan, Macedonia, Russia, Syria, Turkeyady
Agul language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiaagx
Akhvakh language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiaakv
Alabugat Tatar language [1] Definitely endangeredRussia
Aleut language (Western, Commander Islands) [1] Critically endangeredRussiaale
Alutor language [1] Severely endangeredRussiaalu
Andi language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiaani
Archi language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiaaqc
Avar language [1] VulnerableRussiaava
Bagvalal language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiakva
Baraba Tatar language [1] Severely endangeredRussia
Bashkir language [1] VulnerableRussiabak
Belarusian language [1] VulnerableBelarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukrainebel
Bezhta language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiakap
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic language [1] Severely endangeredGeorgia, Russiabhn
Botlikh language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiabph
Buryat language [1] Severely endangeredRussiabua
Central Selkup language [1] Critically endangeredRussia
Central Siberian Yupik language [1] Severely endangeredRussiaess
Chamalal language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiacji
Chechen language [1] VulnerableRussiache
Chelkan language [3] Severely endangeredRussia
Chukchi language [1] Severely endangeredRussiackt
Chulym language [1] Critically endangeredRussiaclw
Chuvash language [1] VulnerableRussiachv
Dargwa language [1] VulnerableRussiadar
Dolgan language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiadlg
Eastern Khanty language [1] Definitely endangeredRussia
Eastern Mansi language [1] Critically endangeredRussia
Eastern Mari language [1] Definitely endangeredRussia
Erzya language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiamyv
Even language [1] Severely endangeredRussiaeve
Evenki language [1] Severely endangeredChina, Russiaevn
Forest Enets language [1] Critically endangeredRussia
Forest Nenets language [1] Severely endangeredRussia
Forest Yukagir language [1] Critically endangeredRussiayux
Godoberi language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiagdo
Hinukh language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiagin
Homshetsi dialect [1] Severely endangeredGeorgia, Russia
Hunzib language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiahuz
Ingrian language [1] Severely endangeredRussiaizh
Ingush language [1] VulnerableRussiainh
Itelmen language [1] Critically endangeredRussiaitl
Judeo-Tat [1] Definitely endangeredAzerbaijan, Israel, Russiajdt
Kabardian [1] VulnerableRussia, Turkeykbd
Kalmyk language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiaxal
Karachay-Balkar language [1] VulnerableRussiakrc
Karata language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiakpt
Karelian language [1] Definitely endangeredFinland, Russiakrl
Ket language [1] Severely endangeredRussiaket
Khakas language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiakjh
Khamnigan Mongol language [1] Definitely endangeredChina, Mongolia, Russiaykh
Khwarshi language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiakhv
Kildin Saami language [1] Severely endangeredRussiasjd
Kilen language [1] Critically endangeredChina, Russia
Kili language [1] Severely endangeredRussia
Komi language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiakpv
Koryak language [1] Severely endangeredRussiakpy
Kumandin language [4] Critically endangeredRussia
Kumyk language [1] VulnerableRussiakum
Lak language [1] VulnerableRussialbe
Latgalian language [1] VulnerableLatvia, Russialtg
Lezgian language [1] VulnerableAzerbaijan, Russialez
Low Saxon language [1] VulnerableDenmark, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Russiands
Ludic language [1] Severely endangeredRussialud
Moksha language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiamdf
Nanai language [1] Severely endangeredChina, Russiagld
Naukan Yupik language [1] Critically endangeredRussia
Negidal language [1] Critically endangeredRussianeg
Nganasan language [1] Severely endangeredRussianio
Nivkh language [1] Severely endangeredRussianiv
Nogai language [1] Definitely endangeredRussianog
Northern Sámi [1] Definitely endangeredFinland, Norway, Russia, Swedensme
Northern Altai language [1] Severely endangeredRussiaatv
Northern Khanty language [1] Definitely endangeredRussia
Northern Mansi language [1] Severely endangeredRussia
Northern Selkup language [1] Severely endangeredRussia
Olonetsian language [1] Definitely endangeredFinland, Russiaolo
Oroch language [1] Critically endangeredRussiaoac
Orok language [1] Critically endangeredRussiaoaa
Ossetian language [1] VulnerableGeorgia, Russiaoss
Pontic Greek language [1] Definitely endangeredArmenia, Georgia, Greece, Russia, Turkey, Ukrainepnt
Romani language [1] Definitely endangeredAlbania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdomrom
Rutul language [1] Definitely endangeredAzerbaijan, Russiarut
Seto dialect Definitely endangeredEstonia, Russia
Shor language [1] Severely endangeredRussiacjs
Siberian Tatar language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiasty
Skolt Saami language [1] Severely endangeredFinland, Norway, Russiasms
Southern Altai language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiaalt
Southern Selkup language [1] Critically endangeredRussia
Soyot language [5] Extinct, partly revitalizedRussia
Tabasaran language [1] VulnerableRussiatab
Taz dialect [1] Severely endangeredRussia
Teleut language [6] Critically endangeredRussia
Ter Saami language [1] Critically endangeredRussiasjt
Tindi language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiatin
Tofa language [1] Critically endangeredRussiakim
Türkpen [1] Definitely endangeredRussia, Turkmenistan
Tsakhur language [1] Definitely endangeredAzerbaijan, Russiatkr
Tsez language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiaddo
Tundra Enets language [1] Critically endangeredRussia
Tundra Nenets language [1] Definitely endangeredRussia
Tundra Yukagir language [1] Critically endangeredRussiaykg
Tuvan language [1] VulnerableChina, Mongolia, Russiatyv
Udege language [1] Critically endangeredRussiaude
Udmurt language [1] Definitely endangeredRussiaudm
Ulch language [1] Critically endangeredRussiaulc
Urum language [1] Definitely endangeredGeorgia, Russia, Ukraineuum
Veps language [1] Severely endangeredRussiavep
Võro language [1] Definitely endangeredEstonia, Russia
Votic language [1] Critically endangeredRussiavot
Western Mari language [1] Severely endangeredRussiamrj
Yakut language [1] VulnerableRussiasah
Yiddish language (Europe) [1] Definitely endangeredAustria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdomydd
Yurt Tatar language [1] Definitely endangeredRussianog

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN   978-92-3-104096-2 . Retrieved 2015-04-11.
  2. "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". www.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 2022-05-31. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
  3. Tazranova, A.R. "The Chelkan Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO . Retrieved 2021-07-15.
  4. Bitkeeva, A.N. "The Kumandin Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO . Retrieved 2021-07-15.
  5. Rassadin, V.I. "The Soyot Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO . Retrieved 2021-07-18.
  6. Nevskaya, I.A. "The Teleut Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO . Retrieved 2021-07-16.