List of endangered languages in Russia

Language Endangerment Status
by UNESCO *Atlas of the World's*
*Languages in Danger* category
Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's; Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX) ;	(lists);
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR) ; Severely Endangered (SE) ; Definitely Endangered (DE) ; Vulnerable (VU) ;	(list); (list); (list); (list);
Safe
Safe (NE) ;	no list;
	Other categories
Revived (RE) ; Constructed (CL) ;	(list); (list);
	Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger ; Endangered Languages Project ; Ethnologue ; Unclassified language ; List of languages by total number of speakers ;
	; UNESCO Atlas of the World's; Languages in Danger categories
	v ; t ; e ;

Last updated October 29, 2024

An endangered language is a language that is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. A language may be endangered in one area but show signs of revitalisation in another, as with the Irish language.

Vulnerable – "most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains (e.g. home)"
Definitely endangered – "children no longer learn the language as mother tongue in the home"
Severely endangered – "language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves"
Critically endangered – "the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently"
Extinct – "there are no speakers left; included in the Atlas if presumably extinct since the 1950s"

The list below includes the findings from the third edition of Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010; formerly the Red Book of Endangered Languages), as well as the online edition of the aforementioned publication, both published by UNESCO.^[2]

**Russian Federation**
Language	Status	Nations	ISO 639-3
Abaza language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia, Turkey	abq
Abkhaz language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Georgia, Russia, Turkey	abk
Adyghe language (West Circassian)^[1]	Definitely endangered	Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Macedonia, Russia, Syria, Turkey	ady
Agul language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	agx
Akhvakh language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	akv
Alabugat Tatar language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Aleut language (Western, Commander Islands)^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	ale
Alutor language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	alu
Andi language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	ani
Archi language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Avar language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Russia
Bagvalal language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Baraba Tatar language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Bashkir language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Russia
Belarusian language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine
Bezhta language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Georgia, Russia
Botlikh language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Buryat language (Cis-Baikal)^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Buryat language (Trans-Baikal)^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Central Selkup language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Central Siberian Yupik language (Chukotka)^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Chamalal language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Chechen language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Russia
Chelkan language^[3]	Severely endangered	Russia
Chukchi language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia	ckt
Chulym language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Chuvash language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Russia
Copper Island Aleut language ^[1]	Extinct	Russia
Dargwa language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Russia
Dolgan language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	dlg
East Cape Yupik language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Eastern Khanty language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Eastern Mansi language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Eastern Mari language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Erzya language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Even language (Kamtchatka)^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Even language (Siberia)^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Evenki language (Northern Siberia)^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Evenki language (Sakhalin)^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Evenki language (Southern Siberia)^[1]	Severely endangered	Mongolia, Russia
Forest Enets language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Forest Nenets language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Forest Yukagir language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Godoberi language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Hinukh language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Homshetsma dialect (Caucasus)^[1]	Severely endangered	Georgia, Russia
Hunzib language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Ingrian language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Ingush language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Russia
Inkhokvari dialect ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Itelmen language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia	itl
Juhuri language (Judeo-Tat) (Caucasus)^[1]	Definitely endangered	Azerbaijan, Israel, Russia
Kabardian (East Circassian)^[1]	Vulnerable	Russia, Turkey
Kalmyk language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Kamas language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Karachay-Balkar language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Russia
Karagas language ^[1]	Extinct	Russia
Karata language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Karelian language (Karelia)^[1]	Definitely endangered	Finland, Russia
Karelian language (Tikhvin)^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Karelian language (Tver)^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Ket language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Khakas language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Khamnigan Mongol language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	China, Mongolia, Russia
Khvarshi language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Kildin Saami language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Kilen language ^[1]	Critically endangered	China, Russia
Kili language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Koibal language ^[1]	Extinct	Russia
Komi language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Koryak language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Kumandin language^[4]	Critically endangered	Russia
Kumyk language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Russia
Lak language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Russia
Latgalian language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Latvia, Russia
Lezgian language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Azerbaijan, Russia
Low Saxon language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Russia
Lude language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Moksha language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Motor language ^[1]	Extinct	Russia
Nanay language ^[1]	Severely endangered	China, Russia
Negidal language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Nganasan language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Nivkh language (Amur)^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Nivkh language (Sakhalin)^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Nogay language (Caucasus)^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
North Saami language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden
Northern Altai language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Northern Khanty language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Northern Mansi language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Northern Selkup language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Olonetsian language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Finland, Russia
Oroch language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Orok language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Ossetian language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Georgia, Russia
Permyak language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Pontic Greek language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine
Romani language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Rutul language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Azerbaijan, Russia
Shor language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Siberian Tatar language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Skolt Saami language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Finland, Norway, Russia
Southern Altai language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Southern Selkup language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Soyot language ^[5]	Extinct, partly revitalized	Russia
Tabasaran language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Russia
Tazy language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Teleut language^[6]	Critically endangered	Russia
Ter Saami language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Tindi language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Tofa language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Trukhmen language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia, Turkmenistan
Tsakhur language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Azerbaijan, Russia
Tsez language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Tundra Enets language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Tundra Nenets language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Tundra Yukagir language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Tuvan language ^[1]	Vulnerable	China, Mongolia, Russia
Udege language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Udmurt language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia
Ulcha language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Urum language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Georgia, Russia, Ukraine
Veps language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Võro-Seto language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Estonia, Russia
Vote language ^[1]	Critically endangered	Russia
Western Mari language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Yakut language ^[1]	Vulnerable	Russia	sah
Yazva Komi language ^[1]	Severely endangered	Russia
Yiddish language (Europe)^[1]	Definitely endangered	Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Yurt Tatar language ^[1]	Definitely endangered	Russia	nog

Related Research Articles

An endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a "dead language". If no one can speak the language at all, it becomes an "extinct language". A dead language may still be studied through recordings or writings, but it is still dead or extinct unless there are fluent speakers. Although languages have always become extinct throughout human history, they are currently dying at an accelerated rate because of globalization, mass migration, cultural replacement, imperialism, neocolonialism and linguicide.

An extinct language is a language with no living descendants that no longer has any first-language or second-language speakers. In contrast, a dead language is a language that no longer has any first-language speakers, but does have second-language speakers or is used fluently in written form, such as Latin. A dormant language is a dead language that still serves as a symbol of ethnic identity to an ethnic group; these languages are often undergoing a process of revitalisation. Languages that have first-language speakers are known as modern or living languages to contrast them with dead languages, especially in educational contexts.

Pakistan is a multilingual country with over 70 languages spoken as first languages. The majority of Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family.

Lists of endangered languages are mainly based on the definitions used by UNESCO. In order to be listed, a language must be classified as "endangered" in a cited academic source. Researchers have concluded that in less than one hundred years, almost half of the languages known today will be lost forever. The lists are organized by region.

Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one. Those involved can include linguists, cultural or community groups, or governments. Some argue for a distinction between language revival and language revitalization. There has only been one successful instance of a complete language revival: that of the Hebrew language.

In linguistics, language death occurs when a language loses its last native speaker. By extension, language extinction is when the language is no longer known, including by second-language speakers, when it becomes known as an extinct language. A related term is linguicide, the death of a language from natural or political causes, and, rarely, glottophagy, the absorption or replacement of a minor language by a major language.

An indigenous language, or autochthonous language, is a language that is native to a region and spoken by its indigenous peoples. Indigenous languages are not necessarily national languages but they can be; for example, Aymara is both an indigenous language and an official language of Bolivia. Also, national languages are not necessarily indigenous to the country.

The UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger was an online publication containing a comprehensive list of the world's endangered languages. It originally replaced the Red Book of Endangered Languages as a title in print after a brief period of overlap before being transferred to an online only publication.

Language preservation is the preservation of endangered or dead languages. With language death, studies in linguistics, anthropology, prehistory and psychology lose diversity. As history is remembered with the help of historic preservation, language preservation maintains dying or dead languages for future studies in such fields. Organizations such as 7000 Languages and the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages document and teach endangered languages as a way of preserving languages. Sometimes parts of languages are preserved in museums, such as tablets containing Cuneiform writing from Mesopotamia. Additionally, dictionaries have been published to help keep record of languages, such as the Kalapuya dictionary published by the Siletz tribe in Oregon.

The Siberian Turkic or Northeastern Common Turkic languages, are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family. The following table is based upon the classification scheme presented by Lars Johanson (1998). All languages of the branch combined have approximately 670,000 native and second language speakers, with most widely spoken members being Yakut, Tuvan, Northern Altai and Khakas. Despite their usual English name, two major Turkic languages spoken in Siberia, Siberian Tatar and Southern Altai, are not classified as Siberian Turkic, but are rather part of the Kipchak subgroup. Many of these languages have a Yeniseian substratum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alabat Island</span> Island in Quezon province, Philippines

Alabat Island is an island of the Philippine archipelago, in the Quezon Province of the Calabarzon region, situated just off the east coast of Southern Luzon. The island has an area of 192 square kilometres (74 sq mi) and a population of 41,822. The island has a mountain ridge with peaks ranging from 1,083 ft (330.10 m) to 1,384 ft (421.84 m) which look like islands at a distance. The highest peak is called Mt. Camagong.

Dukha or Dukhan is a nearly extinct Turkic language or dialect variety of Tuvan language spoken by the Dukhan herder people in the Tsagaan-Nuur county of Khövsgöl Province in northern Mongolia. Dukhan belongs to the Taiga subgroup of Sayan Turkic. This language is nearly extinct and is only spoken as a second language. The ISO 639-3 proposal (request) code was dkh, but this proposal was rejected.

The Anishinaabemowin language belongs to the Central Algonquian language family, and is located in Kettle and Stony Point First Nation. This name variation stems from the relation between the name of the language and the name of the people speaking it, as Anishinaabemowin is spoken by the Anishinaabe. It is also a combination of Pottawatomi and Ojibway. There is a population of 936 people living in Kettle and Stony Point, and of those 936 less than 10 people are fluent speakers of the language. Kettle and Stony Point is located in Canada, in the province of Ontario and in the municipality of Lambton County.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2 . Retrieved 2015-04-11.
↑ For the online atlas version see here
↑ Tazranova, A.R. "The Chelkan Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO . Retrieved 2021-07-15.
↑ Bitkeeva, A.N. "The Kumandin Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO . Retrieved 2021-07-15.
↑ Rassadin, V.I. "The Soyot Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO . Retrieved 2021-07-18.
↑ Nevskaya, I.A. "The Teleut Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO . Retrieved 2021-07-16.

External links

"Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia". UNESCO.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[UNESCO-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2 . Retrieved 2015-04-11.

[2] For the online atlas version see here

[3] Tazranova, A.R. "The Chelkan Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO . Retrieved 2021-07-15.

[4] Bitkeeva, A.N. "The Kumandin Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO . Retrieved 2021-07-15.

[5] Rassadin, V.I. "The Soyot Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO . Retrieved 2021-07-18.

[6] Nevskaya, I.A. "The Teleut Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO . Retrieved 2021-07-16.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX)	(lists)
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR) Severely Endangered (SE) Definitely Endangered (DE) Vulnerable (VU)	(list) (list) (list) (list)
Safe
Safe (NE)	no list
Other categories
Revived (RE) Constructed (CL)	(list) (list)
Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Endangered Languages Project Ethnologue Unclassified language List of languages by total number of speakers
UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories
v t e

List of endangered languages in Russia

Contents

See also

Related Research Articles

References

External links