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| Meadow–Eastern Mari | |
|---|---|
| олык марий, olyk marij | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Mari El Republic |
| Ethnicity | Meadow Mari, Eastern Mari |
Native speakers | 470,000 (2012) [1] |
| Cyrillic | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Russia |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mhr |
| Glottolog | east2328 |
| ELP | Eastern Mari |
| Meadow Mari | |
| Eastern Mari is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger [2] | |
Meadow Mari, also known as Meadow-Eastern Mari, or Eastern Mari, is a standardised dialect of the Mari language used by about half a million people mostly in European Russia. Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, and Russian are official languages in the republic of Mari El in the Russian Federation. [3]
Meadow Mari and Eastern Mari are distinct language varieties, which both use the Meadow Mari literary standard. [4] The main differences between Meadow Mari and Hill Mari are phonological, and to a lesser extent, morphological. [5]
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж |
| З з | И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н | Ҥ ҥ |
| О о | Ӧ ӧ | П п | Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ӱ ӱ |
| Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы |
| Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | Voiceless | p | t | k | |||
| Voiced | b | d | g | ||||
| Fricative | Voiceless | ( f ) | |||||
| Voiced | v | ( x ) | |||||
| Sibilant | Voiceless | s | ʃ | ||||
| Voiced | z | ʒ | |||||
| Affricate | ( t͡s ) | t͡ɕ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||||
| Lateral | l | ʎ | |||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Approximate | j | ||||||
/f, x, ts/ primarily occur in Russian loanwords.
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rounded | Unrounded | Unrounded | Rounded | Unrounded | Rounded | |
| Close | i | y | u | |||
| Mid | e | ø | ə | o | ||
| Open | ɑ | |||||
Meadow Mari has no diphthongs.