Meadow Mari language

Last updated
Meadow–Eastern Mari
олык марий, olyk marij
Native to Russia
Region Mari El Republic
Ethnicity Meadow Mari, Eastern Mari
Native speakers
470,000 (2012) [1]
Uralic
  • Mari
    • Meadow–Eastern Mari
Cyrillic
Official status
Official language in
Russia
Language codes
ISO 639-3 mhr
Glottolog east2328
ELP Eastern Mari
Mari beginning of 20th century.png
  Meadow Mari
Lang Status 60-DE.svg
Eastern Mari is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger [2]

Meadow Mari, also known as Meadow-Eastern Mari, or Eastern Mari, is a standardised dialect of the Mari language used by about half a million people mostly in European Russia. Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, and Russian are official languages in the republic of Mari El in the Russian Federation. [3]

Contents

Meadow Mari and Eastern Mari are distinct language varieties, which both use the Meadow Mari literary standard. [4] The main differences between Meadow Mari and Hill Mari are phonological, and to a lesser extent, morphological. [5]

Alphabet

А а Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ё ё Ж ж
З з И и Й й К к Л л М м Н н Ҥ ҥ
О о Ӧ ӧ П п Р р С с Т т У у Ӱ ӱ
Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы
Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я     

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant Phonemes of Meadow Mari [6]
BilabialLabiodentalAlveolarPostalveolarPalatalVelar
Stop Voiceless p t k
Voiced b d g
Fricative Voiceless( f )
Voiced v ( x )
Sibilant Voiceless s ʃ
Voiced z ʒ
Affricate ( t͡s ) t͡ɕ
Nasal m n ɲ
Lateral l ʎ
Trill r
Approximate j

/f, x, ts/ primarily occur in Russian loanwords.

Vowels

Vowel Phonemes of Meadow Mari
FrontCentralBack
RoundedUnroundedUnroundedRoundedUnroundedRounded
Close i y u
Mid e ø ə o
Open ɑ

Meadow Mari has no diphthongs.

References

  1. ↑ Meadow–Eastern Mari at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ↑ "Western Mari in Russian Federation". UNESCO WAL. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  3. ↑ University of Graz
  4. ↑ Bradley & Pischlöger 2021, p. 22–23.
  5. ↑ Saarinen 2022, p. 432.
  6. ↑ Riese, Timothy; Bradley, Jeremy; Yefremova, Tatiana (2022). Mari (марий йылме): An Essential Grammar for International Learners. Vienna: University of Vienna. p. 19.

Works cited