Tindi language

Last updated
Tindi
Идараб мицциIdarab mittsi
Pronunciation[idarabmitsːi]
Native to North Caucasus
RegionSouthern Dagestan
Ethnicity Tindi people
Native speakers
4,500 (2020 census) [1]
Northeast Caucasian
  • Avar–Andic
    • Andic
      • Akhvakh–Tindi
        • Karata–Tindi
          • Botlikh–Tindi
            • Bagvalal–Tindi
              • Tindi
Language codes
ISO 639-3 tin
Glottolog tind1238
ELP Tindi
Northeast Caucasus languages map en.svg
  Tindi
Lang Status 60-DE.svg
Tindi is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Tindi is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken in the Russian republic of Dagestan. Tindis have no individual designation for their language, but those living in the village of Idar  [ ru ] call their language Idarab mitstsi meaning 'the language of the Idar village'. It is only an oral language; Avar or Russian are used in written communication instead. [2] Tindi vocabulary contains many loanwords from Avar, Turkish, Arabic, and Russian. [3] It has approximately 4,500 speakers. [1]

Contents

Phonology

Vowels

There are 20 phonemic vowels in Tindi. [4] [5]

Front Central Back
Close i iːu uː
Mid e eːo oː
Open a aː

Nasalized vowels may also exist as /ĩ,ẽ,ã,õ,ũ/ and as long-nasalized /ĩː,ẽː,ãː,õː,ũː/.

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn-
geal
Glottal
central lateral central palatalized
lenisfortislenisfortislenisfortislenisfortislenisfortislenisfortis
Nasal mn
Plosive voiceless ptkkʲː
ejective kʲʼʔ
voiced bdɡɡʲ
Affricate voiceless t͡st͡sːt͡ʃt͡ʃːt͡ɬːq͡χː
ejective t͡sʼt͡sʼːt͡ʃʼt͡ʃʼːt͡ɬʼːq͡χʼː
Fricative voiceless sʃʃːɬɬːçχχːħh
voiced zʒʁʕ
Trill r
Approximant wlj

Orthography

Tindi is typically unwritten. A 2003 dictionary uses the following orthography: [6]

А аА̄ а̄Аᵸ аᵸА̄ᵸ а̄ᵸБ бВ вГ гГ' г'Гъ гъ
Гь гьГӀ гӀД дЕ еЕᵸ еᵸЕ̄ е̄Ж жДж джЗ з
И иӢ ӣИᵸ иᵸӢᵸ ӣᵸЙ йК кКк ккК' к'Кк' кк'
КӀ кӀКӀ' кӀ'Л лЛъ лъЛъ' лъ'Ллъ ллъЛӀ лӀМ мН н
О оО̄ о̄Оᵸ оᵸП пС сC̄ c̄Т тТӀ тӀУ у
Ӯ ӯУᵸ уᵸӮᵸ ӯᵸХ хХх ххХъ хъХь хьХь' хь'ХӀ хӀ
Ц цЦц ццЦӀ цӀЧ чЧч ччШ шЩ щЪ ъЭ э

References

  1. 1 2 Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку
  2. Tindi language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  3. Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 264. ISBN   978-1-136-14266-6.
  4. "Грамматика тиндинского языка | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 2024-09-27.
  5. "Тиндинский язык | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 2024-09-27.
  6. Магомедова П. Т. Тиндинско-русский словарь. Махачкала, 2003. Большая российская энциклопедия (in Russian).