Botlikh language

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Botlikh
Botlix
буйхалъи мицIцIи/bujxałi mic’c’i
Pronunciation [bujχaɬimits’ːi]
Native to North Caucasus
RegionSouthwestern Dagestan [1]
Ethnicity3,788 Botlikh people (2020)
Native speakers
5,073 (2020 census) [2]
c. 8,000 (2012) [3]
Northeast Caucasian
Dialects
  • Botlikh proper
  • Miarso
unwritten
(transcribed using Cyrillic script)
Language codes
ISO 639-3 bph
Glottolog botl1242
ELP Botlikh
Northeast Caucasus languages map en.svg
  Botlikh
Lang Status 60-DE.svg
Botlikh is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)

Botlikh (also spelled Botlix) is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken by the Botlikhs in the villages of Botlikh (Buikhe), Miarso and Ashino, as well as in Chontaul, Ankho and in Batlakhatli, [4] in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by approximately 5,000 people, according to the 2020 census. [2]

Contents

Dialects

Botlikh has two dialects, being Botlikh proper and Miarso. Differences in phonology and morphology are small, and the two are mutually intelligible. [4]

Phonology

Vowels

Botlikh has five basic vowels. Vowels can also be long or nasalized. [5]

Botlikh vowels [5]
Front Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open a

Consonants

Botlikh consonants [5]
Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
central lateral
lenis fortis lenisfortislenisfortislenisfortislenisfortislenisfortis
Plosive voiced b ⟨б⟩ d ⟨д⟩ ɡ ⟨г⟩
voiceless p ⟨п⟩ t ⟨т⟩ k ⟨к⟩
ejective tʼ ⟨тӀ⟩ kʼ ⟨кӀ⟩ q͡χʼː ⟨къ⟩ ʔ ⟨ъ⟩
Affricate voiceless t͡s ⟨ц⟩ t͡sː ⟨цц⟩ t͡ʃ ⟨ч⟩ t͡ʃː ⟨чч⟩ t͡ɬː ⟨лӀ⟩ k͡xː ⟨кк⟩ q͡χː ⟨хъ⟩
ejective t͡sʼ ⟨цӀ⟩ t͡sʼː ⟨цӀцӀ⟩ t͡ʃʼ ⟨чӀ⟩ t͡ʃʼː ⟨чӀчӀ⟩ t͡ɬʼː ⟨кь⟩ k͡xʼː ⟨кӀкӀ⟩
voiced d͜ʒ ⟨дж⟩
Fricative voiceless v ⟨в⟩ s ⟨с⟩ sː ⟨сс⟩ ʃ ⟨ш⟩ ʃː ⟨щ⟩ ɬ ⟨лъ⟩ ɬː ⟨лълъ⟩ çː ⟨хь⟩ ɣ ⟨гь⟩ xː ⟨хх⟩ χ ⟨х⟩ ʜ ⟨хӀ⟩ h ⟨гь⟩
voiced z ⟨з⟩ ʒ ⟨ж⟩ j ⟨й⟩ x ⟨х⟩ ʁ ⟨гъ⟩ ʕ ⟨гӀ⟩
Approximant m ⟨м⟩ n ⟨н⟩ r ⟨р⟩ l ⟨л⟩

Orthography

Botlikh is unwritten, and Botlikhs have mostly used Avar as their medium of written communication. When Botlikhs need to write their language, they use the Avar alphabet. [4] The following orthography is used in a Botlikh–Russian dictionary. [6]

А аАᴴ аᴴБ бВ вГ гГъ гъГь гьГӀ гӀД дДж дж(Е е)Ж жЗ зИ и
Иᴴ иᴴЙ йК кКк ккКъ къКь кьКӀ кӀКӀкӀ кӀкӀЛ лЛъ лъЛълъ лълъЛӀ лӀМ мН н
О оП пПӀ пӀР рС сСс ссТ тТӀ тӀУ уУᴴ уᴴХ хХх ххХъ хъХь хь
ХӀ хӀЦ цЦц ццЦӀ цӀЦӀцӀ цӀцӀЧ чЧч ччЧӀ чӀЧӀчӀ чӀчӀШ шЩ щЪ ъЭ эЭᴴ эᴴ

References

  1. ↑ Ethnologue language map of European Russia, with Botlikh shown in the inset with reference number 9
  2. 1 2 7. НАСЕЛЕНИЕ НАИБОЛЕЕ МНОГОЧИСЛЕННЫХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ПО РОДНОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
  3. ↑ "Ботлихский язык". Большая российская энциклопедия (in Russian). 21 May 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 "Ботлихский язык | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 "Грамматика ботлихского языка | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  6. ↑ Alekseev, Michail Egorovič; Azaev, Chalil Gadžimagomedovič (2019). Botlichsko-russkij slovarʹ: = Botlikh-Russian dictionaryБотлихско-русский словарь. Issledovanija i materialy po jazykam Kavkaza. Moskva: Academia. ISBN   978-5-87444-416-7.

Further reading


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