Inkhoqwari language

Last updated
Inkhoqwari
i'qqo
Native to Russia
Region Tsumadinsky District
EthnicityInkhokwari people, a subgroup of the Khwarshi people
Native speakers
2,190 (2009)
Northeast Caucasian
Dialects
  • Inkhoqwari proper
  • Kwantlada
  • Santlada
  • Khvaini
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog inxo1238   Inxokvari
Personixižes
Peopleixizo
Countryiqqo (name of Inkhoqwari village)

The Inkhoqwarilanguage (Inkhoqwari: i'qqo) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Tsezic group, [1] closely related to, and typically considered a dialect of, [2] Khwarshi. It was separated from Khwarshi in the 9th century.

Contents

Classification

Formerly considered a dialect of Khwarshi, of which it shares many features, they differ in phonology and lexicon to the point of mutual unintelligibility to neighboring peoples. According to linguists, the similarity between the two varieties would be around 91%, which is more than enough for Inkhoqwari to be considered its own language.

Usage

Inkhoqwari is entirely a spoken language only spoken inside the home, and is unwritten. Yet the Inkhoqwari manage to keep their language and culture as best as they can, as they live far apart from each other in isolated mountain villages.

Inkhoqwari children, like those of neighbouring peoples, spend their first five years at school being taught in Avar, and afterward in Russian.

It is difficult to find the amount of speakers but it is believed to be around 700 against 400 Khwarshi.[ clarification needed ]

Dialects

Inkhoqwari has four dialects:

The Kvantlada and Santlada dialects are very close to each other.

Influence from other languages

Inkhoqwari has been influenced by Avar, Georgian and Russian. A number of Arabic, Persian and Turkic loanwords have also permeated Inkhoqwari through Avar. Andic, mainly Tindi, words are more frequent in Inkhoqwari than in Khwarshi.

Lexical comparison

GlossInkhoqwariKhwarshi
bullbuġaboju
cowzieziġi
horsesorosajro
foxzorzaru
spiderboceruzabarala
beeporpar

See also

References

  1. "Glottolog 5.0 - Inxokvari". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2024-06-03.
  2. Khalilova, Zaira (2009). A Grammar of Khwarshi (PDF). LOT. ISBN   978-90-78328-93-3.