List of endangered languages in Europe

Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX)	(lists)
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR) Severely Endangered (SE) Definitely Endangered (DE) Vulnerable (VU)	(list) (list) (list) (list)
Safe
Safe (NE)	no list
Other categories
Revived (RE) Constructed (CL)	(list) (list)
Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Endangered Languages Project Ethnologue Unclassified language List of languages by total number of speakers
UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories
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An endangered language is a language that is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. A language may be endangered in one area but show signs of revitalisation in another, as with the Irish language.^{[ citation needed ]}

Levels of language endangerment

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct": ^[1]

• Vulnerable - "most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains (e.g., home)"
• Definitely endangered - "children no longer learn the language as mother tongue in the home"
• Severely endangered - "language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves"
• Critically endangered - "the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently"
• Extinct - "there are no speakers left; included in the Atlas if presumably extinct since the 1950s"

The list below includes the findings from the third edition of Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010; formerly the Red Book of Endangered Languages), as well as the online edition of that publication, both published by UNESCO. ^[2]

List of languages

Albania • Armenia • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France • Georgia • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Ireland • Italy • Kazakhstan • Latvia • Liechtenstein • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Moldova • Monaco • Montenegro • Netherlands • North Macedonia • Norway • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • San Marino • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • Ukraine • United Kingdom

Language	Status	Speakers	Notes	ISO 639-3
Albania Main article: Languages of Albania
Aromanian	Definitely endangered [1]	210,000 [3]	Also spoken in: Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia, Kosovo	rup
Judezmo	Severely endangered [1]	60,000 [4]	Also spoken in: Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Turkey	lad
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Torlakian	Vulnerable [1]	1,500,000 [6]	Also spoken in: Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia	hbs
Armenia Main article: Languages of Armenia
Pontic Greek	Definitely endangered [1]	778,000 [7]	Also spoken in: Georgia, Greece, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine	pnt
Suret	Definitely endangered [1]	650,000–1,000,000 [8]	Also spoken in: Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey	aii, cld
Austria Main article: Languages of Austria
Alemannic	Vulnerable [9]	7,162,000 [10]	Also spoken in: France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland	gsw, swg, wae
Bavarian	Vulnerable [1]	14,089,000 [11]	Also spoken in: Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland	bar
Burgenland Croatian	Definitely endangered [1]	50,000–60,000 [12]	Also spoken in: Hungary, Slovakia
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Czech Republic, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Azerbaijan Main article: Languages of Azerbaijan
Budukh	Severely endangered [1]	200 [14]		bdk
Juhuri	Definitely endangered [1]	101,000 [15]	Caucasus. Also spoken in: Russia	jdt
Khinalug	Severely endangered [1]	3,000 [16]		kjj
Kryz	Severely endangered [1]	5,000 [17]		kry
Lezgian	Vulnerable [1]	800,000 [18]	Also spoken in: Russia	lez
Rutul	Definitely endangered [1]	36,400 [19]	Also spoken in: Russia	rut
Talysh	Vulnerable [1]	912,000 [20]	Also spoken in: Iran	tly
Tat	Severely endangered [1]	28,000 [21]		ttt
Tsakhur	Definitely endangered [1]	22,300 [22]	Also spoken in: Russia	tkr
Udi	Severely endangered [1]	6,160 [23]	(Azerbaijan)	udi
Belarus Main article: Languages of Belarus
Belarusian	Vulnerable [1]	5,058,400 [24]	Also spoken in: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine	bel
Polesian	Vulnerable [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Poland, Ukraine
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Belgium Main article: Languages of Belgium
Champenois	Severely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: France	fra
Limburgian-Ripuarian	Vulnerable [1]	1,300,000 [25]	Also spoken in: Germany, Netherlands	ksh, lim
Lorrain	Severely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: France	fra
Moselle Franconian	Vulnerable [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: France, Germany, Luxembourg	ltz
Picard	Severely endangered [1]	700,000 [26]	Also spoken in: France	pcd
Walloon	Definitely endangered [1]	600,000 [27]	Also spoken in: France, Luxembourg	wln
West Flemish	Vulnerable [1]	1,400,000 [28]	Also spoken in: France, Netherlands	vls, zea
Bosnia and Herzegovina Main article: Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Judezmo	Severely endangered [1]	60,000 [4]	Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Turkey	lad
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Bulgaria Main article: Languages of Bulgaria
Aromanian	Definitely endangered [1]	210,000 [3]	Also spoken in: Albania, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia	rup
Crimean Tatar	Severely endangered [1]	580,000 [29]	(Dobruja). Also spoken in: Romania, Russia, Ukraine	crh, jct
Deli Orman Gagauz	Critically endangered [1]	148,720 [30]	(Deli Orman)	bgx, gag
Judezmo	Severely endangered [1]	60,000 [4]	Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Turkey	lad
Maritime Gagauz	Severely endangered [1]	148,720 [30]	(Maritime). Also spoken in: Romania	bgx, gag
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Torlakian	Vulnerable [1]	1,500,000 [6]	Also spoken in: Albania, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia	hbs
Croatia Main article: Languages of Croatia
Arbanasi	Severely endangered [1]	Unknown
Istriot	Severely endangered [1]	1,300 [31]		ist
Istro-Romanian	Severely endangered [1]	1,400 [32]		ruo
Judezmo	Severely endangered [1]	60,000 [4]	Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Turkey	lad
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Venetian	Vulnerable [1]	3,900,000 [33]	Also spoken in: Italy, Slovenia	vec
Vojvodina Rusyn	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Serbia
Cyprus Main article: Languages of Cyprus
Cypriot Arabic	Severely endangered [1]	9,800 [34]		acy
Czech Republic Main article: Languages of Czech Republic
Bavarian	Vulnerable [1]	14,089,000 [11]	Also spoken in: Austria, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland	bar
East Franconian	Vulnerable [1]	4,900,000 [35]	Also spoken in: Germany	vmf
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Denmark Main articles: Languages of Denmark and Languages of the Faroe Islands
Faroese	Vulnerable [1]	72,000 [36]		fao
Low Saxon	Vulnerable [1]	2,200,000 [37]	Also spoken in: Germany, Netherlands, Russia	act, drt, frs, gos, nds, sdz, stl, twd, vel, wep
Scanian	Vulnerable [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Sweden	swe
South Jutlandic	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Germany	jut
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Estonia Main article: Languages of Estonia
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Võro-Seto	Definitely endangered [1]	133,680 [38]	Also spoken in: Russia	est
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Finland Main article: Languages of Finland
Inari Sámi	Severely endangered [1]	400 [39]		smn
Karelian	Definitely endangered [1]	19,753 [40] [41]	Also spoken in: Russia	krl
North Saami	Definitely endangered [1]	25,000 [42]	Also spoken in: Norway, Russia, Sweden	sme
Olonetsian	Definitely endangered [1]	14,100–25,000 [43]	Also spoken in: Russia	olo
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Skolt Saami	Severely endangered [1]	350 [44]	Also spoken in: Norway, Russia	sms
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
France Main article: Languages of France
Alemannic	Vulnerable [9]	7,162,000 [10]	Also spoken in: Austria, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland	gsw, swg, wae
Alpine Provençal	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Italy	oci
Auvergnat	Severely endangered [1]	80,000 [45]		oci
Basque	Vulnerable [1]	751,000 [46]	Also spoken in: Spain	eus
Breton	Severely endangered [1]	207,000 [47]		bre
Burgundian	Severely endangered [1]	50,000 [48]		fra
Champenois	Severely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Belgium	fra
Corsican	Definitely endangered [1]	150,000 [49]	Also spoken in: Italy	cos
Frainc-Comtou	Severely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Switzerland	fra
Franco-Provençal	Definitely endangered [1]	157,000 [50]	Also spoken in: Italy, Switzerland	frp
Gallo	Severely endangered [1]	191,000 [51]		fra
Gascon	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Spain	oci
Languedocien	Severely endangered [1]	5,000 [45]		oci
Ligurian	Definitely endangered [1]	600,000 [52]	Also spoken in: Italy, Monaco	lij
Limousin	Severely endangered [1]	10,000 [45]		oci
Lorrain	Severely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Belgium	fra
Moselle Franconian	Vulnerable [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg	ltz
Norman	Severely endangered [1]	20,000 [53]		nrn
Picard	Severely endangered [1]	700,000 [26]	Also spoken in: Belgium	pcd
Poitevin-Saintongeais	Severely endangered [1]	200,000–300,000 [54]		fra
Provençal	Severely endangered [1]	350,000 [45]		oci
Rhenish Franconian	Vulnerable [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Germany	pfl
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Walloon	Definitely endangered [1]	600,000 [27]	Also spoken in: Belgium, Luxembourg	wln
West Flemish	Vulnerable [1]	1,400,000 [28]	Also spoken in: Belgium, Netherlands	vls, zea
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Georgia Main article: Languages of Georgia
Abkhaz	Vulnerable [1]	190,000 [55]	Also spoken in: Russia, Turkey	abk
Bats	Severely endangered [1]	500 [56]		bbl
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic	Severely endangered [1]	<500 [57]	Also spoken in: Russia	bhn
Homshetsma	Severely endangered [1]	Unknown	(Caucasus). Also spoken in: Russia	hye
Laz	Definitely endangered [1]	22,000 [58]	Also spoken in: Turkey	lzz
Mingrelian	Definitely endangered [1]	344,000 [59]		xmf
Ossete	Vulnerable [1]	597,450 [60]	Also spoken in: Russia	oss
Pontic Greek	Definitely endangered [1]	778,000 [7]	Also spoken in: Armenia, Greece, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine	pnt
Svan	Definitely endangered [1]	14,000 [61]		sva
Udi	Severely endangered [1]	6,160 [23]	(Georgia) .	udi
Urum	Definitely endangered [1]	190,000 [62]	Also spoken in: Russia, Ukraine	uum
Germany Main article: Languages of Germany
Alemannic	Vulnerable [9]	7,162,000 [10]	Also spoken in: Austria, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland	gsw, swg, wae
Bavarian	Vulnerable [1]	14,089,000 [11]	Also spoken in: Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland	bar
East Franconian	Vulnerable [1]	4,900,000 [35]	Also spoken in: Czech Republic	vmf
Ripuarian	Vulnerable [1]	250,000 [63]	Also spoken in: Belgium, Netherlands	ksh
Low Saxon	Vulnerable [1]	2,200,000 [37]	Also spoken in: Denmark, Netherlands, Russia	act, drt, frs, gos, nds, sdz, stl, twd, vel, wep
Moselle Franconian	Vulnerable [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Belgium, France, Luxembourg	ltz
North Frisian	Severely endangered [1]	10,000 [64]		frr
Rhenish Franconian	Vulnerable [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: France	pfl
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Saterland Frisian	Severely endangered [1]	2,000 [65]		stq
Sorbian	Definitely endangered [1]	19,900 [66]		dsb, hsb
South Jutlandic	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Denmark	jut
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Greece Main article: Languages of Greece
Aromanian	Definitely endangered [1]	210,000 [3]	Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia	rup
Arvanitika	Severely endangered [1]	50,000 [67]		aat
Cappadocian Greek	Critically endangered [1]	2,800 [68]		cpg
Corfiot Italkian	Critically endangered [1]	250
Gagauz (South Balkans)	Severely endangered [1]	148,720 [30]	(South Balkans) . Also spoken in: North Macedonia, Turkey	bgx, gag
Judezmo	Severely endangered [1]	60,000 [4]	Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Turkey	lad
Megleno-Romanian	Severely endangered [1]	5,000 [69]	Also spoken in: North Macedonia	ruq
Pontic Greek	Definitely endangered [1]	778,000 [7]	Also spoken in: Armenia, Georgia, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine	pnt
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Tsakonian	Critically endangered [1]	2,000–4,000 [70]		tsd
Hungary Main article: Languages of Hungary
Bavarian	Vulnerable [1]	14,089,000 [11]	Also spoken in: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Switzerland	bar
Burgenland Croatian	Definitely endangered [1]	50,000–60,000 [12]	Also spoken in: Austria, Slovakia	hbs
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Rusyn	Vulnerable [1]	70,000 [71]	Also spoken in: Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine	rue
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Ireland Main article: Languages of Ireland
Irish	Definitely endangered [1]	170,000-1,760,000 [72] [73]	Also spoken in: United Kingdom	gle
Shelta	Critically endangered [74]	50,000 [75]		sth
Italy Main article: Languages of Italy
Alemannic	Vulnerable [9]	7,162,000 [10]	Also spoken in: Austria, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Switzerland	gsw, swg, wae
Algherese (Catalan)	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown		cat
Alpine Provençal	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: France	oci
Arbëresh	Definitely endangered [1]	100,000 [76]		aae
Bavarian	Vulnerable [1]	14,089,000 [11]	Also spoken in: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland	bar
Cimbrian	Definitely endangered [1]	400 [77]		cim
Corsican	Definitely endangered [1]	150,000 [49]	Also spoken in: France	cos
Emilian	Definitely endangered [1]	c. 1,300,000 [78]		egl
Faetar	Severely endangered [1]	<1,000 [79]	An outlying dialect of Francoprovençal	frp
Franco-Provençal	Definitely endangered [1]	157,000 [50]	Also spoken in: France, Switzerland	frp
Friulian	Definitely endangered [1]	600,000 [80]		fur
Gallo-Italic of Sicily	Definitely endangered [1]	60,000 [81]		lmo
Gallurese	Definitely endangered [1]	100,000 [82]	An outlying dialect of Corsican, yet listed as being part of Sardinian by UNESCO	sdn
Gardiol	Severely endangered [1]	Unknown	An outlying dialect of Alpine Provençal
Griko	Definitely endangered [1]	20,000 [83]	An outlying dialect of Greek spoken in Calabria and Salento	ell
Ladin	Definitely endangered [1]	41,100 [84] [85] [86]		lld
Ligurian	Definitely endangered [1]	600,000 [52]	Also spoken in: France, Monaco	lij
Lombard	Definitely endangered [1]	3,800,000 [87]	Also spoken in: Switzerland	lmo
Mòcheno	Definitely endangered [1]	1,900 [88]	An outlying dialect of Bavarian	mhn
Molise Croatian	Severely endangered [1]	1,000 [89]		svm
Neapolitan	Vulnerable [1]	5,700,000 [90]		nap
Piedmontese	Definitely endangered [1]	2,000,000 [91]		pms
Resian	Severely endangered [1]	929 [92]	An outlying dialect of Slovene	slv
Romagnol	Definitely endangered [1]	430,000 [93]	Also spoken in: San Marino	rgn
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Sardinian	Definitely endangered [1]	1,000,000 [94] [95]		src, sro
Sassarese	Definitely endangered [1]	100,000 [96]	An outlying dialect of Corsican, yet listed as being part of Sardinian by UNESCO	sdc
Sicilian	Vulnerable [1]	4,700,000 [97]		scn
South Tyrolean German	Vulnerable [1]	300,000 [98]		bar
Swabian German	Severely endangered [1]	820,000 [99]		swg
Swiss German	Definitely endangered [1]	4,930,000 [100]		gsw
Töitschu	Severely endangered [1]	22,780 [101]	An outlying dialect of Alemannic	gsw, swg, wae
Venetian	Vulnerable [1]	3,900,000 [33]	Also spoken in: Croatia, Slovenia	vec
Walser	Severely endangered [1]	22,780 [102]		wae
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Kazakhstan Main article: Languages of Kazakhstan
Dungan	Definitely endangered [1]	110,000 [103]	Also spoken in: Kyrgyzstan	dng
Latvia Main article: Languages of Latvia
Belarusian	Vulnerable [1]	5,058,400 [24]	Also spoken in: Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine	bel
Latgalian	Vulnerable [1]	200,000 [104]	Also spoken in: Russia	lav
Livonian	Critically endangered [1]	250 [105]		liv
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Liechtenstein Main article: Languages of Liechtenstein
Alemannic	Vulnerable [9]	7,162,000 [10]	Also spoken in: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland	gsw, swg, wae
Lithuania Main article: Languages of Lithuania
Belarusian	Vulnerable [1]	5,058,400 [24]	Also spoken in: Belarus, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Ukraine	bel
Karaim	Severely endangered [1]	80 [106]	(Lithuania).	kdr
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Luxembourg Main article: Languages of Luxembourg
Luxembourgish	Vulnerable [1]	430,000 [107]	Also spoken in: Belgium, France, Germany	ltz
Walloon	Definitely endangered [1]	600,000 [27]	Also spoken in: Belgium, France	wln
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Moldova Main article: Languages of Moldova
Gagauz (Bessarabia)	Critically endangered [1]	148,720 [30]	Also spoken in: Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Ukraine	bgx, gag
Monaco Main article: Languages of Monaco
Ligurian	Definitely endangered [1]	600,000 [52]	Also spoken in: France, Italy	lij
Montenegro Main article: Languages of Montenegro
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Netherlands Main article: Languages of the Netherlands
Limburgish	Vulnerable [1]	1,300,000 [25]	Also spoken in: Belgium, Germany	lim
Low Saxon	Vulnerable [1]	2,200,000 [37]	Also spoken in: Denmark, Germany, Russia	act, drt, frs, gos, nds, sdz, stl, twd, vel, wep
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
West Flemish	Vulnerable [1]	1,400,000 [28]	Also spoken in: Belgium, France	vls, zea
West Frisian	Vulnerable [1]	470,000 [108]		fry
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
North Macedonia Main article: Languages of North Macedonia
Aromanian	Definitely endangered [1]	210,000 [3]	Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia	rup
Megleno-Romanian	Severely endangered [1]	5,000 [69]	Also spoken in: Greece	ruq
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Norway Main article: Languages of Norway
Lule Sámi	Severely endangered [1]	650 [109]	Also spoken in: Sweden	smj
North Saami	Definitely endangered [1]	25,000 [42]	Also spoken in: Finland, Russia, Sweden	sme
Pite Sámi	Critically endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Sweden	sje
Skolt Saami	Severely endangered [1]	350 [44]	Also spoken in: Finland, Russia	sms
Southern Sámi	Severely endangered [1]	600 [110]	Also spoken in: Sweden	sma
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Poland Main article: Languages of Poland
Belarusian	Vulnerable [1]	5,058,400 [24]	Also spoken in: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine	bel
Kashubian	Severely endangered [1]	108,000 [111]	Also spoken in: Canada	csb
Polesian	Vulnerable [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Belarus, Ukraine
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Rusyn	Vulnerable [1]	70,000 [71]	Also spoken in: Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine	rue
Wymysorys	Severely endangered [1]	20 [112]		wym
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Portugal Main article: Languages of Portugal
Asturian-Leonese	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Spain	ast, ext, mwl
Romania Main article: Languages of Romania
Banat Bulgarian	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Serbia	bul
Crimean Tatar	Severely endangered [1]	580,000 [29]	(Dobruja) . Also spoken in: Bulgaria, Russia, Ukraine	crh, jct
Csángó	Severely endangered. [1]	Unknown		hun
Gagauz (Bessarabia)	Severely endangered [1]	148,720 [30]	Also spoken in: Bulgaria, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine	bgx, gag
Judezmo	Severely endangered [1]	60,000 [4]	Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Turkey, Serbia	lad
Nogai	Severely endangered [1]	87,000 [113]	(Dobruja) .	nog
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Rusyn	Vulnerable [1]	70,000 [71]	Also spoken in: Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine	rue
Torlakian	Vulnerable [1]	1,500,000 [6]	Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia	hbs
Transylvanian Saxon	Severely endangered [1]	200,000 [114]
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Russia Main articles: Languages of Russia and List of endangered languages in Russia
San Marino Main article: Languages of San Marino
Romagnol	Definitely endangered [1]	430,000 [93]	Also spoken in: Italy	rgn
Serbia Main article: Languages of Serbia
Aromanian	Definitely endangered [1]	210,000 [3]	Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia	rup
Banat Bulgarian	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Romania	bul
Judezmo	Severely endangered [1]	60,000 [4]	Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Turkey	lad
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Torlakian	Vulnerable [1]	1,500,000 [6]	Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Romania	hbs
Vojvodina Rusyn	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Croatia
Slovakia Main article: Languages of Slovakia
Burgenland Croatian	Definitely endangered [1]	50,000–60,000 [12]	Also spoken in: Austria, Hungary	hbs
Eastern Slovak	Vulnerable [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Ukraine	slk
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Rusyn	Vulnerable [1]	70,000 [71]	Also spoken in: Hungary, Poland, Romania, Ukraine	rue
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Slovenia Main article: Languages of Slovenia
Gottscheerish	Critically endangered [1]	Unknown
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Venetian	Vulnerable [1]	3,900,000 [33]	Also spoken in: Croatia, Italy	vec
Spain Main article: Languages of Spain
Aragonese	Definitely endangered [1]	30,000–50,000 [115]		arg
Asturian-Leonese	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Portugal	ast, ext, mwl
Basque	Vulnerable [1]	751,000 [46]	Also spoken in: France	eus
Gascon	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: France	oci
Sweden Main article: Languages of Sweden
Dalecarlian	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown		swe
Modern Gutnish	Definitely endangered [1]	2,000–5,000 [116] [117]		swe
Lule Sámi	Severely endangered [1]	650 [109]	Also spoken in: Norway	smj
North Saami	Definitely endangered [1]	25,000 [42]	Also spoken in: Finland, Norway, Russia	sme
Pite Sámi	Critically endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Norway	sje
Scanian	Vulnerable [1]	Unknown		swe
Southern Sámi	Severely endangered [1]	600 [110]	Also spoken in: Norway	sma
Ume Sámi	Critically endangered [1]	100 [118]		sju
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Switzerland Main article: Languages of Switzerland
Alemannic	Vulnerable [9]		Also spoken in: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein	gsw, swg, wae
Bavarian	Vulnerable [1]	14,089,000 [11]	Also spoken in: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy	bar
Frainc-Comtou	Severely endangered [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: France	fra
Franco-Provençal	Definitely endangered [1]	157,000 [50]	Also spoken in: France, Italy	frp
Lombard	Definitely endangered [1]	3,800,000 [87]	Also spoken in: Italy	lmo
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Romansh	Definitely endangered [1]	60,000 [119]		roh
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom	ydd
Turkey Main articles: Languages of Turkey and List of endangered languages in Asia § Turkey
Abaza	Definitely endangered [1]	49,800 [120]	Also spoken in: Russia	abq
Abkhaz	Vulnerable [1]	190,000 [55]	Also spoken in: Georgia, Russia	abk
Adyghe	Definitely endangered [1]	610,000 [121]	Also spoken in: Iraq, Israel, Jordan, North Macedonia, Russia, Syria	ady
Gagauz (South Balkans)	Severely endangered [1]	460,000 [122]	(South Balkans) Also spoken in: Greece, North Macedonia	bgx
Homshetsma	Definitely endangered [1]	Unknown		hye
Judezmo	Severely endangered [1]	60,000 [4]	Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia	lad
Kabard-Cherkes	Vulnerable [1]	590,000 [123]	Also spoken in: Russia	kbd
Laz	Definitely endangered [1]	22,000 [58]	Also spoken in: Georgia	lzz
Pontic Greek	Definitely endangered [1]	778,000 [7]	Also spoken in: Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Russia, Ukraine	pnt
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Suret	Definitely endangered [1]	650,000–1,000,000 [8]	Also spoken in: Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Syria	aii, cld
Western Armenian	Definitely endangered [1]	1,600,000 [124]		hye
Zazaki	Vulnerable [1]	3,000,000–4,000,000 [125]		zza
Ukraine Main article: Languages of Ukraine
Belarusian	Vulnerable [1]	5,058,400 [24]	Also spoken in: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia	bel
Crimean Tatar	Severely endangered [1]	580,000 [29]	(Crimea). Also spoken in Bulgaria, Romania, Russia	crh, jct
Crimean Turkish	Severely endangered [1]	580,000 [29]
Eastern Slovak	Vulnerable [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Slovakia	slk
Gagauz	Definitely endangered [1]	148,720 [30]	(Bessarabia). Also spoken in: Moldova	bgx, gag
Karaim	Critically endangered [1]	80 [106]	(Western Ukraine)	kdr
Mariupolitan Greek	Severely endangered [1]	Unknown		ell
Nogai	Severely endangered [1]	87,000 [113]	(Crimea)	nog
Plautdietsch	Definitely endangered [1]	447,360 [126]		pdt
Polesian	Vulnerable [1]	Unknown	Also spoken in: Belarus, Poland
Pontic Greek	Definitely endangered [1]	778,000 [7]	Also spoken in: Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Russia, Turkey	pnt
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Rusyn	Vulnerable [1]	70,000 [71]	Also spoken in: Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia	rue
Urum	Definitely endangered [1]	190,000 [62]	Also spoken in: Georgia, Russia	uum
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom	ydd
United Kingdom and Crown dependencies Main articles: Languages of the United Kingdom and Languages of Ireland
Cornish	Critically endangered [1]	557 [127]		cor
Guernésiais	Severely endangered [1]	200 [128]	(Guernsey)	nrn
Irish	Definitely endangered [1]	170,000-1,760,000 [72] [73]	Also spoken in: Ireland	gle
Jèrriais	Severely endangered [1]	4,700 [128]	(Jersey)	nrn
Manx	Critically endangered [1]	1,853 [129]	(Isle of Man)	glv
Romani	Definitely endangered [1]	3,500,000 [5]	Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy
Scots	Vulnerable [1]	99,200 [130]		sco
Scottish Gaelic	Definitely endangered [1]	57,375 [131]	Also spoken in: Canada	gla
Sercquiais	Critically endangered	3 [132]
Welsh	Vulnerable [1]	892,200 [133]	Also spoken in: Patagonia	cym
Yiddish	Definitely endangered [1]	1,510,000 [13]	Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine	ydd

See also

• Europe portal
• Languages portal

• Lists of endangered languages
• List of European languages
• List of extinct languages of Europe
• List of endangered languages in Russia
• List of endangered languages in Asia

References

1. Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN   978-92-3-104096-2 . Retrieved 2015-04-11.
2. For the online atlas version see here
3. "Aromanian". Ethnologue . Retrieved 4 July 2022.
4. Peim, Benjamin (16 April 2009). "Ladino Lingers on in Brooklyn – Barely". The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved 12 August 2017.
5. "Romani Project: Numbers and distribution". University of Manchester .
6. "Torlak" at "UNESCO's list of endangered languages". Unesco.org. Retrieved 2013-03-24.
7. "Pontic". Ethnologue . Archived from the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
8. "Suret Language". 9 May 2024.
9. "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger - Interactive Map." (Alemannic was added to the list as "Vulnerable" in July, 2017)
10. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required); List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required); List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required); List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
11. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
12. "Geschichte der kroatischen Volksgruppe in Österreich" [History of the Croatian ethnic group in Austria]. hrvatskicentar.at (in German). Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
13. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
14. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
15. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
16. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
17. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
18. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)
19. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
20. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
21. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
22. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
23. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
24. "Population classified by knowledge of the Belarusian and Russian languages by region and Minsk City". Belstat.gov.by. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
25. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
26. Auger, Julie (14–17 February 2003). "Issues of authenticity, purity, and autonomy in minority languages: What is "real" Picard, and who is an "authentic" speaker?". Congress Minority and Diasporic Languages of Europe. Berkeley, US: Indiana University. in Nowak, Pawel; Yoquelet, Corey (eds.). Berkeley Linguistics Society (BLS 29).
27. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
28. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required); List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
29. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
30. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020)
31. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020)
32. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020)
33. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
34. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
35. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
36. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
37. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) ; List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) ; List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) ; List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) ; List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) ; List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) ; List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) ; List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) ; List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
38. "Rahva ja eluruumide loendus 2021 – eesti keelt kõnelev rahvastik murdekeele oskuse, vanuserühma, soo ja elukoha (haldusüksus) järgi, 31. detsember 2021" [Population and housing census 2021 - Estonian-speaking population by dialect proficiency, age group, gender and place of residence (administrative unit), December 31, 2021] (in Estonian).
39. "Anaras: The Inari Sámis". Archived from the original on 2007-10-23. Retrieved 2010-04-01.
40. "Rosstat — Vserossiyskaya perepis' naseleniya 2020" Росстат — Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 [Rosstat — All-Russian Population Census 2020]. rosstat.gov.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-01-03.
41. "Karel'skiy yazyk" Карельский язык [Karelian] (in Russian).
42. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
43. Karjalainen, Heini; Puura, Ulriikka; Grünthal, Riho; Kovaleva, Svetlana (2013). "Karelian in Russia. ELDIA Case-Specific Report". Studies in European Language Diversity. 26. ELDIA. ISSN   2192-2403.
44. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
45. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (15th ed., 2005)
46. (in French) VI° Enquête Sociolinguistique en Euskal herria (Communauté Autonome d'Euskadi, Navarre et Pays Basque Nord) Archived 21 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine (2016).)
47. "ENQUÊTE SOCIO-LINGUISTIQUE : QUI PARLE LES LANGUES DE BRETAGNE AUJOURD'HUI ?". Région Bretagne. 8 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
48. "Bourguignon-morvandiau | Défense et promotion des langues d'oïlDéfense et promotion des langues d'oïl" (in French).
49. List of endangered languages in Europe at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020)
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