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This is a list of votes held by major cities as part of a participatory budgeting process, where people living in the city are allowed to vote for a number of proposals, and the funded proposals are determined based on the votes. While not all participatory budgeting processes include a formal voting stage, it is a very common feature, particularly in Europe. [1] The list includes votes held in major cities with a population of at least 100,000 and a total amount equivalent to at least € 100,000 being voted on. To be included, the vote must be open to the whole public (rather than limited to a jury) and its results must be de facto binding on the government. The list also includes votes held by states, provinces, or countries, if they meet these criteria (this includes Portugal and some Australian states).
Many cities divide their available budget among city districts and allow each voter to vote only on proposals located in their district. [2] In effect, these are several independent votes happening simultaneously, but in the list, these sub-elections are merged into one. Some cities additionally hold a vote about city-wide proposals, and some allow voters to vote in several or all districts.
Participatory budgeting processes typically go through several stages (usually including soliciting proposals, selecting proposals, voting on proposals, and implementation), [2] [3] and this can take several years. There are different conventions of which year to use in referring to a particular process (e.g. some cities use the year in which the vote occurs, and others the year in which project implementation starts). [4] In the table, the year refers to the year of the last day on which voters can cast their votes.
The list includes a brief description of the voting systems employed in the vote. This includes a choice of ballot format specifying how voters can indicate their preferences. The table uses the following terms to describe common choices: [5] [6]
Cities then use a system to decide on the winning proposals. Typically this is done by sorting proposals by the number of votes the proposal received, and then repeatedly selecting the proposals with the highest number until the available budget runs out. [3] Some cities also impose additional constraints on the process (such as a maximum amount that can be spent in any single neighborhood, or a minimum amount that must be spent in a certain category of projects) or use a more complicated participatory budgeting rule (see Combinatorial participatory budgeting for detailed descriptions of common aggregation rules).
City | Year | Population | Voters | Budget | Proposals (elected) | Voting system | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia New South Wales | 2019 | 8,095,430 | 61,437 [7] | A$ 24,700,000 [7] | 1500 (248) [8] | Rank 3–5 projects. [8] | Ranks get converted into points (10, 5, 3, 2, 1 points). Each electorate was allocated the same amount of funding, and voting and decisions were done separately in each electorate. [8] |
Australia Victoria | 2018 | 6,497,700 [9] | 95,000 [10] | A$ 30,000,000 [10] | 2300 (237) [10] | 3-approval among projects near (5 km/50 km) living place. [11] | At most 50% of a region's budget can be spent in one locality. [11] |
Belgium Brussels | 2018 | 1,208,542 | 2,045 [12] | € 134,070 [12] | 18 (10) [12] | Knapsack vote, city-wide. [13] | |
Canada Montreal | 2021 | 1,762,949 | 20,017 [14] | CA$ 25,000,000 [15] | 35 (12) [14] | 5-approval. | Budget was increased from 10 million to 25 million after the vote. |
Finland Helsinki | 2021 | 658,864 | 47,064 [16] | € 8,800,000 [17] | 396 (75) [18] | Knapsack vote, city-wide and 1 district. [19] | |
Finland Helsinki | 2019 | 658,864 | 40,264 [20] | € 4,400,000 [21] | 296 (44) [22] | ||
France Brest | 2022 | 139,926 | € 1,300,000 [23] | 42 (19) [24] | Rank 3 projects (3 points to the first-ranked / 2 points to the second-ranked / 1 point to the third-ranked). [23] | Select the highest ranking project in each district, then follow complicated rules for the remaining budget. [23] | |
France Grenoble | 2022 | 158,198 | 4,825 [25] | € 800,000 [26] | 27 (7) [25] | Vote for 6 projects. [27] | |
France Grenoble | 2020 | 158,198 | 4,711 [28] | € 800,000 [28] | 29 (12) [28] | Vote for 6 projects. [29] | |
France Grenoble | 2019 | 158,198 | 6,463 [30] | € 800,000 [30] | 21 (9) [31] | Vote for 5 projects. [32] | |
France Grenoble | 2018 | 158,198 | 5,625 [33] | € 800,000 [34] | 23 (6) [33] [34] | Vote for 1 large project (> €200k) and 4 small projects (< €200k). [34] | 1 large project wins, and as many small projects as the budget allows. |
France Grenoble | 2017 | 158,198 | 3,500 [35] | € 800,000 [36] | 25 (9) [37] | Vote for 1 large project (> €200k) and 6 small projects (< €200k). [36] | 1 large project wins, and as many small projects as the budget allows. |
France Grenoble | 2016 | 158,198 | 7,073 [38] | € 800,000 | 26 (13) [39] [38] | Vote for 2 large projects (> €100k) and 5 small projects (< €100k). [40] | |
France Grenoble | 2015 | 158,198 | 998 [41] | € 800,000 [42] | 19 (9) [41] | Rank 2 of the large projects (> €100k) and 4 of the small projects (< €100k). [42] | |
France Lille [a] | 2022 | 234,475 | 7,029 [43] | € 2,000,000 [44] | 70 (20) [43] | 5-approval. [45] | € 500,000 reserved for projects proposed by minors. [45] |
France Lyon | 2022 | 522,969 | 6,000 [46] | € 12,500,000 [47] | 217 (110) [48] [49] | 10-approval. [50] | Voters have to vote for at least 3 projects. They can vote for projects in all districts, each of which has a separate maximum budget that can be spent on projects from that district. [51] |
France Paris | 2023 | 2,165,423 | € 75,960,000 [52] | Grade projects on a 4-point scale. [53] | Majority judgment. [53] | ||
France Paris | 2022 | 2,165,423 | 142,122 [54] | € 82,000,000 [54] | 204 (62) [54] | Grade projects on a 4-point scale. [53] | Select a fixed number (2 or 3) of projects in each district with the highest median score (majority judgment). [53] |
France Paris | 2021 | 2,165,423 | 106,326 [55] | € 75,000,000 [55] | 217 (62) [55] | Grade projects on a 4-point scale. [53] | Select a fixed number (2 or 3) of projects in each district with the highest median score (majority judgment). [53] |
France Paris | 2019 | 2,165,423 | 143,822 [56] | € 100,000,000 [57] | 430 (192) [56] | 4-approval for city-wide and 4-approval for district projects. [58] | |
France Paris | 2018 | 2,165,423 | 127,880 [59] | € 88,000,000 [60] | 457 (180) [59] | 4-approval for city-wide and 4-approval for district projects. [58] | |
France Paris | 2017 | 2,165,423 | 98,269 [61] | € 92,000,000 [62] | 484 (196) [61] | 5-approval for city-wide and 5-approval for district projects. [58] | |
France Paris | 2016 | 2,165,423 | 92 808 [58] | € 94,100,000 [63] | 624 (219) [64] [65] | 5-approval for city-wide and 5-approval for district projects. [58] | A minimum of 30 million euros must be allocated to projects in working-class neighborhoods. |
France Paris | 2015 | 2,165,423 | 66,870 [58] | € 67,700,000 [63] | 624 (188) [66] | 5-approval for city-wide and 5-approval for district projects. [58] | |
France Paris | 2014 | 2,165,423 | 40,745 [58] | € 17,700,000 [63] | 15 (9) [67] | 5-approval for city-wide projects. [58] | |
France Saint-Denis | 2021 | 113,116 | 5,585 [68] | € 1,000,000 [69] | 86 (24) [70] | Rank 3 projects in district and city-wide. [69] | Gives 3/2/1 points to the ranked projects. [68] |
France Strasbourg | 2021 | 287,228 | € 2,000,000 [71] | 68 (19) [45] [72] | Spread 5 points among projects. [73] | ||
France Strasbourg | 2019 | 287,228 | 2,208 [74] | € 1,000,000 [45] | 68 (31) [45] | Spread 5 points among projects. [74] | Winner selection somewhat ad hoc. [75] |
France Toulouse | 2022 | 493,465 | 4,532 [76] | € 8,000,000 [77] | 200 (83) [76] | 3-approval city-wide. [78] | Each district has a budget of € 300,000. The remaining € 2,000,000 can be used for projects from any district. [78] |
France Toulouse | 2019 | 493,465 | 1,494 [79] | € 1,000,000 [79] | 30 (14) [80] | Spread 7 points across projects, with each project getting at most 3 points. [81] | Budget was raised from € 850,000 after the vote ended to fund more projects. [79] |
Germany Wuppertal | 2021 | 355,004 | 6,000 [82] | € 200,000 [83] | 31 (6) [83] | 5-approval city-wide. [84] | The budget was partially contributed by private partners. € 20,000 of the budget was set aside for micro-projects with cost under € 2,000. Shortlisting projects was partially achieved via a separate vote. |
Hungary Budapest | 2024 | 1,752,286 | 29,000 [85] | 1,000,000,000 Ft [85] | 175 (13) [85] | Five categories, 3 approvals per category | |
Hungary Budapest | 2023 | 1,752,286 | 25,857 [86] | 1,000,000,000 Ft [86] | (12) [86] | Five categories | |
Hungary Budapest | 2022 | 1,752,286 | 21,858 [87] | 1,000,000,000 Ft [88] | 49 (18) [87] | Projects come in three categories, vote for exactly 1 large project and 1 small project in each category. [89] | |
Hungary Budapest | 2021 | 1,752,286 | 13,344 [90] | 1,000,000,000 Ft [90] | 53 (15) [90] | Projects come in three categories, vote for exactly 1 project in each category. [91] | |
Hungary Miskolc | 2024 | 147,533 | 40,000,000 Ft [92] | 45 | Knapsack vote (three nominal categories, independent of approvals) | ||
Hungary Pécs | 2024 | 139,330 | 10,334 | 100,000,000 Ft [93] | 50 (10) [93] | 2 votes (1 in "home" zone, 1 in another "zone" - 10 zones in total) [93] | |
Iceland Reykjavík | 2021 | 133,262 [94] | 18,389 [95] | ISK 850,000,000 [95] | 277 (111) [95] | Knapsack vote with option to "star" one project, giving it 2 votes [96] | |
Iceland Reykjavík | 2019 | 128,793 [94] | 13,608 [97] | ISK 450,000,000 [97] | 239 (91) [98] [97] | Knapsack vote with option to "star" one project, giving it 2 votes [99] | |
Iceland Reykjavík | 2018 | 126,041 [94] | 13,003 [100] | ISK 450,000,000 [101] | 238 (88) [101] | Knapsack vote with option to "star" one project, giving it 2 votes [102] | |
Iceland Reykjavík | 2017 | 123,246 [94] | 11,113 [103] | ISK 450,000,000 [103] | 230 (76) [104] | Knapsack vote with option to "star" one project, giving it 2 votes [105] | |
Iceland Reykjavík | 2016 | 122,460 [94] | 9,292 [106] | ISK 455,700,000 [107] | 190 (112) [107] | Knapsack vote [108] | |
Italy Bologna | 2020 | 394,843 | 22,247 [109] | € 2,000,000 [109] | 79 (24) [110] | Choose 1 redevelopment (investment) project, and 1 neighborhood priority. [109] | For redevelopment projects, the most voted proposal of each district is implemented. For neighborhood priorities, the top 3 of each district are implemented and are funded with 75,000, 55,000 and 28,000 euros, respectively. [109] |
Italy Bologna | 2018 | 394,843 | 16,348 [111] | € 1,000,000 [112] | 33 (6) [111] | Choose 1 project. [113] | For each district, the most voted project of each district is implemented. [112] |
Italy Bologna | 2017 | 394,843 | 14,584 [114] | € 1,000,000 [114] | 27 (6) [114] | Choose 1 project. [115] | For each district, the most voted project of each district is implemented. [116] |
Italy Milan | 2018 | 1,396,059 | 17,627 [117] | € 4,500,000 [118] | 47 (12) [117] | 3-approval. [119] | 3 projects funded with reduced budget. [117] |
Italy Rome | 2019 | 2,860,009 | 16,993 [120] | € 20,000,000 [120] | 111 (65) [120] | 3-approval, city-wide. [121] | Focussed on urban decor. [122] Budget allocation to districts was partially based on district area. Bonus budget went to the district with highest turnout. |
Latvia Riga | 2022 | 660,187 | 42,692 [123] | € 693,000 [123] | 30 (11) [123] | Knapsack vote. [123] | |
Latvia Riga | 2021 | 660,187 | 19,011 [124] | € 606,032 [124] | 22 (10) [124] | Knapsack vote. [124] | |
Latvia Riga | 2020 | 660,187 | 23,915 [125] | € 500,000 [125] | 15 (6) [125] | Knapsack vote. [125] | |
Latvia Riga | 2019 | 660,187 | 10,065 [126] | € 494,797 [126] | 14 (6) [126] | Knapsack vote. [126] | |
Poland Gdańsk | 2022 | 486,271 [127] | 41,217 [128] | 22,063,118 zł [129] | 305 (117) [130] | Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 city-wide green project, 1 district green project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district. [131] | |
Poland Gdańsk | 2021 | 486,271 [127] | 43,190 [132] | 20,830,669 zł [133] | 387 (121) [132] | Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 city-wide green project, 1 district green project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district. [132] | Projects need at least 200 points to win (400 points for city-wide projects). [134] |
Poland Gdańsk | 2020 | 486,542 [127] | 40,383 [135] | 18,428,001 zł [135] | 357 (115) [136] | Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 city-wide green project, 1 district green project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district. [137] | |
Poland Gdańsk | 2019 | 470,907 [127] | 53,025 [138] | 18,543,609 zł [139] | 331 (75) [138] | Choose 1 city-wide project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district. [138] | |
Poland Gdańsk | 2018 | 466,631 [127] | 48,760 [140] | 19,549,000 zł [141] | 319 (82) [140] | Choose 1 city-wide project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district. [142] | Projects must receive at least 100 votes to win. Unused funds are saved for the following year. [143] |
Poland Gdańsk | 2017 | 464,254 [127] | 44,655 [144] | 14,000,000 zł [145] | 297 (103) [145] | Choose 1 city-wide project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district. [144] | |
Poland Gdańsk | 2016 | 463,754 [127] | 36,971 [146] | 12,500,000 zł [146] | 254 (91) [146] | Choose 1 city-wide project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district. [147] | |
Poland Gdynia | 2021 | 243,918 | 25,532 [148] | 11,148,564 zł [148] | 297 (123) [148] | 3-approval for city, district (small projects), district (large projects) [149] | One project was partially funded by a donor who contributed 356 zł [149] |
Poland Gdynia | 2020 | 243,918 | 28,943 [150] | 10,608,600 zł [150] | 281 (130) [150] | 3-approval for city, district (small projects), district (large projects) [151] | |
Poland Gdynia | 2019 | 243,918 | 31,263 [152] | 10,178,864 zł [152] | 275 (117) [152] | Rank 5 projects in city and in district. [153] | City and district councils decided to fund some projects that did not fit in the available budget. |
Poland Gdynia | 2018 | 243,918 | 30,301 [154] | 5,898,400 zł [154] | 97 (31) [154] | Rank 5 projects in district. [155] | As incentive, the district with the highest turnout gets an extra "+1" project funded. |
Poland Gdynia | 2017 | 243,918 | 36,525 [156] | 5,310,198 zł [156] | 132 (32) [156] | Rank 5 projects in district. [157] | As incentive, the district with the highest turnout gets an extra "+1" project funded. |
Poland Gdynia | 2016 | 243,918 | 44,167 [158] | 5,203,543 zł [158] | 141 (31) [158] | Rank 5 projects in district (5 points for the top rank, 4 points for the second rank, etc). [159] | As incentive, the district with the highest turnout gets an extra "+1" project funded. |
Poland Gdynia | 2015 | 243,918 | 47,612 [160] | 4,597,796 zł [161] | 177 (40) [162] | Knapsack vote. [159] | |
Poland Gdynia | 2014 | 243,918 | 40,863 [163] | 3,000,000 zł [163] | 234 (41) [163] | Knapsack vote. [164] | Unspent funds (in 2014, 597,796 zł) carry over to the next year. 11 of the 41 winning projects concerned the development of outdoor gyms. |
Poland Kraków | 2021 | 782,137 | 51,229 [165] | 35,000,000 zł [165] | 596 (180) [165] | Rank 3 projects in city and in district. [166] | |
Poland Kraków | 2020 | 782,137 | 44,800 [167] | 32,000,000 zł [167] | 574 (195) [167] | Rank 3 projects in city and in district. [168] | |
Poland Kraków | 2019 | 782,137 | 50,004 [169] | 30,000,000 zł [169] | 557 (171) [170] | Rank 3 projects in city and in district. [171] | Voters were entered into a lottery to win 100 tablet computers. [171] |
Poland Poznań | 2021 | 529,410 [127] | 85,115 [172] | 22,000,000 zł [173] | 150 (35) [172] | Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 green project, 2 district projects. [173] | Separate district elections plus city-wide and green election. |
Poland Poznań | 2020 | 532,048 [127] | 87,575 [174] | 21,000,000 zł [174] | 175 (34) [174] | Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 green project, 2 district projects. [175] | Separate district elections plus city-wide and green election. |
Poland Poznań | 2019 | 534,813 [127] | 68,089 [176] | 21,000,000 zł [177] | 239 (35) [177] | Choose 1 city-wide project, and 2 district projects. [178] | Separate district elections plus city-wide election. |
Poland Poznań | 2018 | 536,438 [127] | 55,631 [179] | 20,000,000 zł [179] | 259 (30) [180] | Choose 1 city-wide project, and 2 district projects. [181] | Separate district elections plus city-wide election. |
Poland Warsaw | 2022 | 1,792,718 [182] | 93,539 [183] | 93,575,094 zł [183] | 1429 (349) [183] | 15-approval in district, 10-approval city-wide. [184] | |
Poland Warsaw | 2021 | 1,792,718 [182] | 109,025 [185] | 83,000,000 zł [185] | 1503 (359) [185] | 15-approval in district, 10-approval city-wide. [186] | |
Poland Warsaw | 2020 | 1,794,166 [182] | 105,822 [187] | 83,000,000 zł [187] | 1425 (414) [187] | 15-approval in district, 10-approval city-wide. [188] | |
Poland Warsaw | 2019 | 1,790,658 [182] | 89,807 [189] | 64,000,000 zł [190] | 1628 (850) [190] | Knapsack vote. Vote for projects in a single neighborhood. [191] | In some districts, can vote (knapsack) for the district and vote (knapsack) for a neighborhood. |
Poland Warsaw | 2018 | 1,777,972 [182] | 117,381 [192] | 61,419,912 zł [192] | 1808 (881) [192] | ||
Poland Warsaw | 2017 | 1,764,615 [182] | 128,406 [193] | 58,588,894 zł [193] | 1749 (770) [193] | Knapsack vote. Vote for projects in a single neighborhood. [194] | In some districts, can vote (knapsack) for the district and vote (knapsack) for a neighborhood. |
Poland Warsaw | 2016 | 1,753,977 [182] | 172,395 [195] | 51,000,000 zł [195] | 1464 (644) [195] | Knapsack vote. Vote for projects in a single neighborhood. [196] | In some districts, can vote (knapsack) for the district and vote (knapsack) for a neighborhood. |
Poland Warsaw | 2015 | 1,744,351 [182] | 166,893 [197] | 26,000,000 zł [198] | 1390 (336) [198] | 5-approval. Vote for projects in a single neighborhood. [199] | In some districts, can vote (5-approval) for the district and vote (5-approval) for a neighborhood. |
Poland Wrocław | 2022 | 642,687 [127] | 86,750 [200] | 30,000,000 zł [201] | 170 (17) [202] | Choose 1 local project and 1 global project. [201] | Separate budget limit for local and global projects, but no separate elections per district. |
Poland Wrocław | 2021 | 642,687 [127] | 89,933 [203] | 25,000,000 zł [204] | 173 (20) [205] | Choose 1 local project and 1 global project. [204] | Separate budget limit for local and global projects, but no separate elections per district. |
Poland Wrocław | 2020 | 641,928 [127] | 95,206 [206] | 25,000,000 zł [207] | 199 (20) [208] | Choose 1 local project and 1 global project. [207] | Separate budget limit for local and global projects, but no separate elections per district. |
Poland Wrocław | 2019 | 642,869 [127] | 86,484 [209] | 25,000,000 zł [210] | 235 (20) [211] | Choose 1 local project and 1 global project. [210] | Separate budget limit for local and global projects, but no separate elections per district. |
Poland Wrocław | 2018 | 640,648 [127] | 68,670 [212] | 25,250,000 zł [213] | 263 (63) [214] | Choose 1 small local project, 1 large local project, 2 city-wide projects, 1 monument project. [213] | Each district is allocated the same budget. |
Poland Wrocław | 2017 | 638,586 [127] | 97,043 [215] | 25,000,000 zł [216] | 372 (64) [217] | Choose 1 small local project, 1 large local project, 2 city-wide projects. [216] | Each district is allocated the same budget. |
Poland Łódź | 2021 | 664,071 [127] | 87,397 [218] | 26,000,000 zł [218] | 716 (257) [219] | 5-approval for local projects and 5-approval for global projects. [218] | Separate district elections plus city-wide election. Voter can vote for local projects in two districts. |
Poland Łódź | 2020 | 672,185 [127] | 68,329 [220] | 24,000,000 zł [221] | 601 (242) [221] [220] | 5-approval for local projects and 5-approval for global projects. [221] | Separate district elections plus city-wide election. Voter can vote for local projects in two districts. |
Poland Łódź | 2019 | 679,941 [127] | 162,658 [222] | 50,000,000 zł [222] | 1043 (261) [222] | 5-approval. [223] | Separate district elections. Voter can vote for local projects in all districts. |
Poland Łódź | 2018 | 685,285 [127] | 113,764 [224] | 40,000,000 zł [225] | 837 (235) [224] [226] | 5-approval for local projects and 5-approval for global projects. [227] | Separate district elections plus city-wide election. Voter can vote for local projects in one district. |
Poland Łódź | 2017 | 690,422 [127] | 97,974 [228] | 40,000,000 zł [229] | 730 (233) [229] | 5-approval for local projects and 5-approval for global projects. [230] | Separate district elections plus city-wide election. Voter can vote for local projects in one district. |
Portugal Portugal | 2018 | 10,276,617 | 71,125 [231] [b] | € 5,000,000 [232] | 691 (22) [232] | Choose 1 nation-wide project and 1 regional project. [233] | Could vote online or by SMS. |
Portugal Portugal | 2017 | 10,291,027 | 45,000 [234] [b] | € 3,000,000 [235] | 599 (38) [235] | Choose 1 nation-wide project and 1 regional project. [236] | Could vote online or by SMS. |
Spain Barcelona | 2021 | 1,620,343 | 39,433 [237] | € 30,000,000 [238] | 184 (76) [238] | Knapsack vote. Each voter can vote in their district of residence and a second freely chosen district. | |
Spain Madrid | 2022 | 3,223,334 | 36,265 [239] | € 50,000,000 [240] | 209 (132) [239] [241] | Knapsack vote with negative votes. [242] Negative votes subtract 0.33 points. | |
Spain Madrid | 2019 | 3,223,334 | 32,418 [243] | € 100,000,000 [244] | 693 (369) [243] | Knapsack vote. [245] | |
Spain Madrid | 2018 | 3,223,334 | 56,082 [246] | € 100,000,000 [247] | 702 (328) [246] [248] | Knapsack vote. [249] | |
Spain Madrid | 2017 | 3,223,334 | 38,866 [250] | € 100,000,000 [251] | 720 (311) [250] [252] | Knapsack vote. | |
Spain Madrid | 2016 | 3,223,334 | 32,817 [253] | € 60,000,000 [251] | 623 (206) [253] [254] | Knapsack vote. | |
Spain Valencia | 2021 | 789,744 | 20,611 [255] | € 8,000,000 [256] | 283 (139) [255] | Knapsack vote. [257] | |
Spain Valencia | 2019 | 789,744 | 14,530 [258] | € 8,000,000 [258] | 63 (21) [258] | Knapsack vote. | Single city-wide election. [258] |
Spain Valencia | 2018 | 789,744 | 14,455 [259] | € 8,000,000 [259] | 202 (103) [259] | Knapsack vote. | |
Spain Valencia | 2017 | 789,744 | 12,987 [260] | € 7,000,000 [260] | 47 (7) [260] | Knapsack vote. | Single city-wide election. |
Spain Valencia | 2017 | 789,744 | 12,407 [261] | € 7,000,000 [261] | 115 (71) [261] | Knapsack vote. | |
Switzerland Lausanne | 2022 | 139,111 | 18,355 [262] | CHF 175,000 [263] | 21 (12) [262] | Approval vote. | Need to vote for at least 3 projects, no maximum. [264] |
Switzerland Lausanne | 2021 | 139,111 | 3,078 [265] | CHF 175,000 [265] | 15 (11) [265] | Knapsack vote. | CHF 12,928 were left unspent. [265] |
Switzerland Zürich | 2021 | 434,335 | 1,804 [266] | CHF 540,000 [266] | 135 (61) [266] | Knapsack vote in one of 4 districts. | |
USA Cambridge | 2021 | 118,403 | 7,441 [267] | US$ 1,000,000 [267] | 20 (7) [267] | 5-approval. [268] | Budget overshot to fund 7th project. |
USA Cambridge | 2020 | 118,403 | 7,250 [269] | US$ 500,000 [270] | 16 (7) [269] | 5-approval. [268] | Budget overshot to US$ 525,000. |
USA Cambridge | 2019 | 118,403 | 7,602 [271] | US$ 1,000,000 [271] | 20 (8) [271] | 5-approval. [271] | Budget overshot to US$ 1,125,000. |
USA Cambridge | 2018 | 118,403 | 6,849 [272] | US$ 900,000 [272] | 20 (6) [272] | 5-approval. [272] | Budget overshot to US$ 925,000. |
USA Cambridge | 2017 | 118,403 | 6,778 [273] | US$ 800,000 [273] | 20 (7) [273] | 5-approval. [273] | Budget overshot to US$ 867,000. |
USA Cambridge | 2016 | 118,403 | 4,730 [274] | US$ 700,000 [275] | 20 (7) [274] | 5-approval. [274] | Budget overshot to US$ 706,000. |
USA Cambridge | 2015 | 118,403 | 4,184 [276] | US$ 600,000 [276] | 23 (7) [276] | 6-approval. [276] | One project's budget was reduced to fit in the budget. [277] |
USA Cambridge | 2015 | 118,403 | 2,727 [278] | US$ 500,000 [279] | 20 (6) [278] | 5-approval. [278] | Pilot. Budget overshot to US$ 528,000. |
USA Greensboro | 2019 | 299,035 | 3,961 [280] | US$ 500,000 [281] | 26 (20) [282] | Some projects received partial funding to fit within the budget. 5 separate district elections. | |
USA New York City [c] | 2019 | 5,080,147 [d] | 118,308 [284] | US$ 39,000,000 [284] | 346 (145) [285] | 5-approval. | Residents of 32 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district. |
USA New York City [c] | 2018 | 4,288,042 [d] | 99,252 [286] | US$ 28,500,000 [286] | 303 (122) [287] | 5-approval. | Residents of 27 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district. |
USA New York City [c] | 2017 | 4,772,217 [d] | 102,800 [288] | US$ 40,000,000 [288] | 394 (138) [288] | 5-approval. [289] | Residents of 31 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district. |
USA New York City [c] | 2016 | 4,408,140 [d] | 67,690 [290] | US$ 38,295,700 [290] | 379 (132) [290] | 5-approval. | Residents of 28 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district. |
USA New York City [c] | 2015 | 3,806,281 [d] | 51,362 [291] | US$ 32,459,025 [291] | 348 (114) [292] [293] | 5-approval. | Residents of 24 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district. |
USA Vallejo | 2021 | 126,090 | 1,909 [294] | US$ 500,000 [295] | 11 (8) [294] | ||
USA Vallejo | 2019 | 126,090 | US$ 1,000,000 [296] | 12 (9) [296] | 2-approval. [297] | ||
USA Vallejo | 2018 | 126,090 | 5,205 [298] | US$ 1,000,000 [299] | 10 (10) [299] | 2-approval. [300] | 1 project received partial funding. |
USA Vallejo | 2017 | 126,090 | 4,216 [301] | US$ 1,000,000 [302] | 19 (4) [303] | 4-approval. [304] | |
USA Vallejo | 2015 | 126,090 | 3,098 [305] | US$ 1,000,000 [305] | 25 (5) [305] | Vote for 1 of 2 "people projects" and for 4 of 17 "infrastructure projects". [306] | |
USA Vallejo | 2014 | 126,090 | 3,098 [307] | US$ 2,440,000 [307] | 42 (8) [307] | 5-approval. [308] | |
USA Vallejo | 2013 | 126,090 | 3,917 [309] | US$ 3,200,000 [309] | 33 (12) [309] | 6-approval. [310] |
Gdańsk is a city on the Baltic coast of northern Poland, and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. With a population of 486,492, it is Poland's sixth-largest city and principal seaport. Gdańsk lies at the mouth of the Motława River and is situated at the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay, close to the city of Gdynia and the resort town of Sopot; these form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Trójmiasto), with a population of approximately 1.5 million.
Gdynia is a city in northern Poland and a seaport on the Baltic Sea coast. With an estimated population of 257 000, it is the 12th-largest city in Poland and the second-largest in the Pomeranian Voivodeship after Gdańsk. Gdynia is part of a conurbation with the spa town of Sopot, the city of Gdańsk, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Trójmiasto) with around one million inhabitants.
Wrocław is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city and historical capital of the region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the Oder River in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, roughly 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the Sudeten Mountains to the south. As of 2023, the official population of Wrocław is 674,132 making it the third largest city in Poland. The population of the Wrocław metropolitan area is around 1.25 million.
Łódź is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located 120 km (75 mi) south-west of Warsaw. As of 2023, Łódź has a population of 655,279, making it the country's fourth largest city.
Białystok is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is the tenth-largest city in Poland, second in terms of population density, and thirteenth in area.
Vallejo is a city in Solano County, California and the second largest city in the North Bay region of the Bay Area. Located on the shores of San Pablo Bay, the city had a population of 126,090 at the 2020 census. Vallejo is home to the California Maritime Academy, Touro University California and Six Flags Discovery Kingdom.
Lublin is the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of historical Lesser Poland. It is the capital and the centre of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 336,339. Lublin is the largest Polish city east of the Vistula River, located 153 km (95 mi) southeast of Warsaw.
Wałbrzych is a city located in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in southwestern Poland, seat of Wałbrzych County. Wałbrzych lies approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of the voivodeship capital Wrocław and about 30 kilometres from the Czech border. Wałbrzych has the status of municipality. Its administrative borders encompass an area of 85 km2 (33 sq mi) with 110,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the voivodeship and the 33rd largest in the country.
Opole is a city located in southern Poland on the Oder River and the historical capital of Upper Silesia. With a population of approximately 127,387 as of the 2021 census, it is the capital of Opole Voivodeship (province) and the seat of Opole County. Its built-up was home to 146,522 inhabitants. It is the largest city in its province.
Pomeranian Voivodeship is a voivodeship, or province, in northwestern Poland. The provincial capital is Gdańsk.
Ciechanów is a city in north-central Poland. From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Ciechanów Voivodeship. Since 1999, it has been situated in the Masovian Voivodeship. As of December 2021, it has a population of 43,495.
The Free City of Danzig was a city-state under the protection and oversight of the League of Nations between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig and nearly 200 other small localities in the surrounding areas. The polity was created on 15 November 1920 in accordance with the terms of Article 100 of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles after the end of World War I.
Participatory budgeting (PB) is a type of citizen sourcing in which ordinary people decide how to allocate part of a municipal or public budget through a process of democratic deliberation and decision-making. Participatory budgeting allows citizens or residents of a locality to identify, discuss, and prioritize public spending projects, and gives them the power to make real decisions about how money is spent.
Poznań Główny, anglicised to Poznan Main, is the chief railway station for the city of Poznań, Poland's fifth-largest city, and capital of the Greater Poland Province.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Gdańsk, Poland.
As of 2015, over 1,500 instances of participatory budgeting (PB) have been implemented across the five continents. While the democratic spirit of PB remains the same throughout the world, institutional variations abound.
Lucía de Lourdes Sosa Robinzon is an Ecuadorian teacher, engineer, and politician, who was prefect of Esmeraldas Province from 2005 to 2013 and 2014 to 2018, and was mayor of the city of the same name from 2019 to 2023.
Jolanta Maria Banach is a Polish politician, teacher, member of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Sejm terms, 2001-2003 Secretary of State in the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy of Poland, and 2003-2004 Secretary of State in the Ministry of Economy, Labor and Social Policy of Poland.
6 Sierpnia Street is located in the western part of the Śródmieście district and the eastern part of the Polesie district in Łódź, with a length of approximately 2 km (1.2 mi). It starts at the intersection with Piotrkowska Street and runs almost parallel to the equator to the intersection with Lucjan Żeligowski Street, and then southwest to the intersection with Włókniarzy Avenue. Its eastern extension, across Piotrkowska Street, is Romuald Traugutt Street. The name of the street commemorates the date of the departure of the First Cadre Company in 1914.
Bednarska Street is a street located in the northern part of the former Górna district of Łódź, forming a boundary that separates three Urban Information System areas: Górniak from Chojny and Górniak from Kurak. It connects Rzgowska Street with Pabianicka Street and serves as an extension of Wólczańska Street, which was established much earlier. The properties on the northern, odd-numbered side of the street are situated in Górniak, while the properties on the southern, even-numbered side are located in Chojny and in Kurak.
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