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There are 60 schools designed using permaculture, with a national team working within the schools' curriculum development unit.[citation needed]
Malawi
Permaculture in Malawi began in 1994. There is not yet a directory for Permaculturists and projects. As of 2018, the largest compilation has 72 projects in the Sustainable Nutrition Manual which is free to download and use from: www.NeverEndingFood.org/Sustainable-Nutrition-Manual. The Permaculture Network in Malawi is working on becoming registered and has started building from this to create a larger database which will be available soon. The network currently communicates through WhatsApp, Facebook, and Email. The network have its offices headquartered at Moet, monkeybay in Mangochi district. It have its notably compasses in Dedza and Changoima in Chikwawa district.[citation needed]
Oceania
Australia
The development of permaculture co-founder David Holmgren's home plot at Melliodora, Central Victoria, has been well documented. Geoff Lawton's Zaytuna Farm next to The Channon in northern NSW, Australia, is a 66-acre medium-farm scale example of permaculture implementation. It is the home base for the Permaculture Research Institute. Begun in 2001, the site is off-grid, and has multiple food forest systems, animal systems, kitchen garden and main crop areas, a large network of water-harvesting earthworks for passive hydration of the site, composting toilets, rocket stove powered showers, straw bale natural buildings, etc.[3]
City Farm Perth is an example of community permaculture in an inner suburb of Perth, Western Australia. The farm was constructed on a brownfield site in 1994, and is a focal point for permaculture education, as well as community music and art.[4]
Crystal Waters Permaculture Village is the first development in the world to be designed using permaculture principles. It has 83 freehold residential and 2 commercial lots that occupy 20% of the 259ha (640 acre) property. The remaining 80% is the best land, and is owned in common. It can be licensed for sustainable agriculture, forestry, recreation and habitat projects. Crystal Waters has become a community of 200 people with a multitude of businesses and food producing gardens with a number of courses running throughout the year. The Permaculture Education Institute is based here.
Noosa Forest Retreat, one of the first Permaculture communities in Australia, run 12-day residential Permaculture Design Certificate courses 2-3 times a year. In 2017 the community also launched a Permaculture Online Course platform with a free course introduction and community, offering a full Permaculture Design Certificate course (PDC) as well.
Asia and the Middle East
Permaculture Institute Asia[5] (PIA) lists most all major permaculture projects and sites in the Asia region. Including Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Palestine, Japan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Lao, Malaysia, Micronesia, Nepal, Mongolia, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam, Brunei, Indonesia, Myanmar, Bhutan. Many of these sites show examples of Permaculture structures as food forests, integrated animal systems, kitchen gardens, bio intensive and other high yield food gardens, organic main crop areas, large networks of water-harvesting, earthworks designed for drought proofing and passive hydration of the land, many have composting toilets, rocket stoves, compost and/or solar hot water systems, and natural buildings made from local materials such as bamboo, adobe brick, rammed earth, wattle and daub, compressed earth block, super adobe, cord wood, straw bale, Earthship reclaimed materials, Hybrid structures many with Earthen floors, Green roofs and Natural Plasters and finishes.
India
Living Ecology and Permaculture Patashala provide higher education to permaculture professionals through practical permaculture projects in small villages. The drylands projects help poor rural farmers with sustainable agriculture and permaculture design implementation.[6][7] Aanandaa Permaculture Farm situated near Chandigarh is a great example of permaculture. The owners have converted a barren piece of land, which they acquired in 2010, into a lush green food forest. They offer Open Day visits from time to time, to give visitors a first-hand account of the water management, soil restoration, and ecosystem development at the farm. Tamarind Valley Collective is a 75-acre permaculture collective in Thagatti village (85Kms from Bangalore). A group of like-minded people have come together to evolve a sustainable living concept and regenerate the farm using permaculture principles
Thailand
Permaculture Institute Thailand (PIT) is (pinned on Google maps) and is an institute representing Permaculture projects in Thailand. PIT an Internationally accredited with certificates for courses and internships in - Permaculture, Natural building and Bamboo, Aquaculture, Food forestry, Vermiculture, Urban Permaculture, Sustainable living skills, Energy and alternative technology, Permaculture as Aid, Drought and Climate proofing your home and farm. Practical skills in self-sufficiency.[8]
The Phayao Permaculture Center, Phayao, Northern Thailand, is a permaculture project demonstrating permaculture design including education open to all interested in permaculture.[citation needed]
The Permaculture Research Institute Asia (PIA), located in Buri Ram Province, Thailand, is pinned on Google maps, lists many of the Permaculture Projects in Asia. It is a permaculture demonstration and education site. Courses, internships and demonstration of permaculture design techniques, bio intensive gardening and farming methods and regenerative ecosystem designing. Integrated aquaculture and ducks with rice paddy, they show how higher diversity leads to higher yields and food security which can be obtained from rice fields/paddy in the Mekong Bio region.[5]
WWOOF Thailand is a volunteer hosting organization in Thailand with many Permaculture projects hosting volunteers. Host sites teach and practice Permaculture and agro-ecological and integrated farming techniques. In Thailand traditional family farming methods are called "Natural Farming". These methods often overlap with Permaculture methods, but with Permaculture adding recent technological and research findings and new methods of sustainable farming.[citation needed]
Daruma Eco Village is a functioning ecovillage based within the culture and education petal of the permaculture flower. A center for lifelong learning, comprising an English-based alternative learning center approved by the Thai Ministry of Education, permaculture courses, volunteering and internship opportunities, Daruma was established in 2007.[9]
Indonesia
Bumi Langit Institute is an initiative representing Permaculture projects in Indonesia, resided in Yogyakarta. The Institute founded by Iskandar Waworuntu Alhajj an environmentalist veteran in 2006. International and national courses and residencies as well as natural building, aquaculture, food forestry, vermiculture, bamboo culture, coconut culture and many more courses and skills in self-sufficiency, regenerative design and leadership.
Cambodia
A consortium of NGOs including Lom Orng[10] and Ockenden[11] is doing a post-flood livelihood and infrastructure regeneration project, in the country's northwest, which includes permaculture principles, and the establishment of a permaculture demonstration farm in Battambang Province which serves as a community farm and education site and includes a native tree nursery and biogas system providing clean cooking fuel and lighting.[12]
A Facebook Permaculture Cambodia page list various Permaculutre projects in the Cambodia region and the proprietors.
Nepal
The Himalayan Permaculture Centre (HPC) is a grass roots non-government organisation (NGO) set up by trained and motivated farmers from Surkhet district (Mid-Western Nepal) in 2010 to implement sustainable rural development programs in Nepal.[13]
Almost Heaven Farms is a permaculture demonstration, training, research and resource centre based out of Ilam, Nepal in the eastern hillside of the Himalayas. AHF supports farming communities to transition to Regenerative Agriculture, restoring local soils, water sources and ecologies. Much more than only organic farming and beyond sustainable, they work with farmers to adapt to climate change and join the global effort to repair the damage done to the earth. http://permaculturenepal.com/about/[14]
GROL Garden - Girne: An Urban Permaculture Project that accepts Volunteers who come under a work-exchange agreement. GROL Garden provides food, accommodation, yoga classes, and hands-on learning in exchange for assistance on their Projects.[15][16][17]
Portugal
In Portugal there are several Permaculture projects. There's a bottom-up initiative that is mapping most of them called Rede CONVERGIR.[18]
Romania
Gradina din Gura Siriului is an urban Permaculture initiative located in the periphery of Bucharest. The project combines permaculture with arts and community events also provides free camping space for travelers all over the world.[citation needed]
Spain
Red de Permacultura Ibérica (Iberic Permaculture Network)[19]
United Kingdom
There are a number of example permaculture projects in the UK, including:
Chickenshack Housing co-op,[21] a fully mutual housing co-op established in 1995 using permaculture design principles. Based in rural North Wales, the community has 4 dwellings and 6 residents on a 5-acre (2.0ha) site. Features include a biomass and solar district heating scheme, a half-acre forest garden and various wildlife conservation and habitat creation strategies. The community is very active in regional sustainability projects such as the Machynlleth Transition Towns initiative. It runs occasional courses in permaculture design and regularly receives visits from interested parties.
Middlewood Trust, a permaculture-based farm in North Lancashire running courses in permaculture, crafts, forestry and sustainability[22]
Plan-It Earth Eco Project offers a variety of environmental education programs, courses and events, and eco-holidays at a traditional smallholding near Penzance, Cornwall[23]
Plants for a Future, a vegan-organic project based at Lostwithiel in Cornwall that is researching and trialing edible and otherwise useful plant crops for sustainable cultivation. Their online database features over 7,000 such species that can be grown within the UK.[24] A collaborative version of the database is in development by the permaculture.info project.
Prickly Nut Woods, a 10-acre (4.0ha) woodland near Haslemere, Surrey that is managed by Ben Law. He uses a 'whole system' permacultural approach, using a wide variety of woodland products and documenting a complex web of relationships. He built a house almost entirely using products from the woodland, which was featured in Channel 4's Grand Designs TV series.[25]
The RISC Roof Garden, on top of a development education centre in Reading city centre and inspired by Robert Hart's permaculture forest garden in Shropshire, is an excellent example of urban permaculture design.[27] It is used by schools, educators and designers as an educational resource for sustainable development and is a member of the National Gardens Scheme. The garden is composed of dense plantings of over 180 species of edible and medicinal plants and is fed by rainwater and composted waste from the centre.
Tir Penrhos Isaf, near Dolgellau, developed by Chris and Lyn Dixon since 1986.[28]
The Sussex Roots Society, a community permaculture garden initiated by Mischa Nowicki and Integralpermanence at Sussex University, collaborating with the student union as part of the countries first "Eco- University" initiative.[29]
Eastside Roots- is a (not for profit, worker co-op) community garden centre and hub which evolved from Bristol Permaculture Group. 'Waste' ground owned by First Great Western has been leased and is a garden centre with ongoing education, social projects and outreach into the wider community. The project promotes sustainability and permaculture.[30]
Three Pools, a 141-acre (57ha) farm in Monmouthshire. Set up in August 2017, the site is working with academics to study the effects of land use change and permaculture.[31]
Tapeley Park, in North Devon. One of the UK's oldest permaculture gardens established by Hector Christie in 1990.Open to the public March - October and used as an educational resource by student groups.
Other projects tend to be more community oriented, particularly in urban areas. These include Naturewise, a north London based group that tends a number of forest gardens and allotments as well as running regular permaculture introductory and design courses;[32] and Organiclea, a workers cooperative that is involved in developing local food-growing and distribution initiatives around the Walthamstow area of east London.[33] The Transition Towns movement initiated in Totnes and Kinsale by Rob Hopkins is underpinned by permaculture design principles in its attempts to visualise sustainable communities beyond peak oil.[34]
The UK Permaculture Association publishes an extensive directory of other projects and example sites throughout the country.
North America
The Permaculture Association of Teachers and Organizers on WiserEarth maintains a US listing.[35]
Northeast US
Prospect Rock Permaculture (www.ProspectRock.org) is one of the region's longest established permaculture education and demonstration sites, and Vermont's oldest permaculture design firm. They grow a diversity of nuts, fruit trees, vines, berries, vegetables, medicinal and culinary herbs and teas, produce eggs and honey, and host a variety of workshops, permaculture courses, advanced permaculture design internships, and other educational programs.[36]
The Northeastern Permaculture Network brings together enthusiasts in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada.[37] The Northeastern Permaculture Convergence has been held every summer in a different location in the northeast. There is also the 501(c)3 P.I.N.E (Permaculture Institute of the Northeast).[38]
People's Garden Pittsburgh is building a one-acre food forest on an abandoned landslide in the Hill District of Pittsburgh, which is considered a food desert.[39][40]
Sowing Solutions Permaculture Design & Education offers a Permaculture Design Certification Course twice a year in Western MA, either as a twelve-day summer intensive course, or as a weekend series in the spring/ fall. The course includes visits to numerous permaculture demonstration sites in the region, and guides students through the ecological design process.
UMass Permaculture "UMass Permaculture | UMass Dining". umassdining.com. 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2013. is a university permaculture initiative that transforms marginalized landscapes on the campus into diverse, educational, low-maintenance and edible gardens, according to UMass officials.[41] During November, 2010, "about a quarter of a million pounds of organic matter was moved by hand",[42] using all student and community volunteer labor and no fossil fuels on-site. The process took about two weeks to complete. Now, the Franklin Permaculture Garden includes a diverse mixture of "vegetables, fruit trees, berry bushes, culinary herbs and... flowers that attract beneficial insects."[42]
Burlington Permaculture[43] is an ad-hoc community group based out of Burlington Vermont. BTP unites neighbors to promote urban agriculture and reforestation, enhance neighborhoods, and strengthen the web of community resources as we look beyond sustainability towards a vibrant healthy relationship with our landscape. The group was founded by Michael Blazewicz of Round River Design, Mark Krawczyk of Rivenwood Crafts, and Keith Morris of Prospect Rock Permaculture.
Green Phoenix Permaculture,[44] offers design courses and workshops, demonstrating forest gardens, natural building, permaculture designs, and a community of many permaculture designers & teachers including AppleSeed Permaculture[45] and Sowing Solutions Permaculture Design & Education.[46]
The websites FLXpermaculture.Net[47] and the Upstate NY Permaculture Network[48] are email lists and web sites for permaculture practitioners in New York state.
The Finger Lakes Permaculture Institute[49] offers an annual Permaculture Design Certification course, apprenticeships, and workshops that are often held at area sites designed using permaculture principles. The Finger Lakes Permaculture Institute was founded by Michael Burns, Steve Gabriel, and Karryn Olson Ramanujan in 2005.
Southeast US
Shades of Green Permaculture Design, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia designs and builds ecological landscapes that provide organic food, medicine, beauty, fertile soils, and clean water, while building resilient communities and local economy. In addition to leading a 6-month Permaculture Design Certification course annually, this design firm serves clients ranging in scale from project management of new development, to institution-level research farms, from broad-acre restoration and conservation, to small-scale residential homesteads. In addition to their extensive client sites, they have demonstration gardens based in Pine Lake, GA.
The Farm Ecovillage Training Center, Summertown, Tennessee[50] provides examples drawn from 4 decades of ecovillage living, including cob, earthbag, round-pole and strawbale buildings, constructed wastewater wetlands, fish, ducks and chickens, organic and biodynamic gardens, orchards, shiitake production, biofuel production, solar photovoltaics, herbal tinctures and plant medicines, humanure and other composting practices, and community conviviality processes.
Cedar House Inn Bed and Breakfast/Permaculture Lifestyles Permaculture Demonstration Project, Dahlonega, Georgia[52]http://www.permaculturelifestyles.com Permaculture Lifestyles}, Tours given to guests of inn and clients.
The Edible Plant Project implements and promotes elements of permaculture through a nonprofit nursery and workshops in Gainesville, FL (home of University of Florida).[53]
Sweet Aspect Permaculture, the steward of one acre of land outside of Asheville, North Carolina, is experimenting with permaculture principles, design, and implementation. Sweet Aspect focuses on small animal management, including lambs and chickens, gardens, orchards, edible forest management, shitake production, rainwater catchment, greywater systems, natural and green building, fermentation, herbal tinctures and plant medicines, humanure and other composting practices, and alternative fuel and energy harvesting.
Spring Village / New Community Project in Harrisonburg, Virginia[56] practices and teaches permaculture at a small urban site.
Midwestern and Rocky Mountain region
Permaculture Research Institute for Cold Climate.[57]
The Round Mountain Institute in the Gunnison valley of Colorado is a nonprofit that is dedicated to sustainable agriculture high in the rocky mountains near the continental divide.
Central Rocky Mountain Permaculture Institute.[58]
High Altitude Permaculture Institute is based in Ward, Colorado, which is west of Boulder.[59]
Midwest Permaculture[60] delivers up to a dozen PDC Courses per year (in the Midwest and elsewhere) along with many other kinds of permaculture trainings.
The Center for Sustainable Community[61] asked Midwest Permaculture to do a permaculture design for the 8.7 acres of land that immediately adjoins the local community in Stelle, Illinois.[62]
Bur Oak Farm in SE Wisconsin, approximately 40 miles north of Milwaukee[63][64]
Sunrise Ranch Intentional Community near Loveland, Colorado. Farm to table internship programs, permaculture design course, farm/garden internships.[citation needed]
Maya Mountain Research Farm in San Pedro Columbia, Toledo, Belize, is a permaculture project founded in 1988 by Christopher Nesbitt on a 70-acre abandoned citrus and cattle land. The land is up the Columbia Branch of Rio Grande from the Kekchi maya community. Presently the farm manages over 500 species of plants. The farm works on agroecology, permaculture, stacked polycultures and installs photovoltaic systems in schools in indigenous communities as well as protected areas.
The farm works closely with farmers organizations and holds one Permaculture Design Course per year.
Brazil
It is growing fast in Brazil. Some projects to mention: Ecocentro IPEC - Pirenópolis GO IPB - Salvador BA IPEMA - Ubatuba SP IPERS - Porto Alegre RS IPETERRAS - Irecê BA IPOEMA - Brasília DF OPA - Salvador BA IPC - Fortaleza CE Ecovida S. Miguel - Moeda MG
Costa Rica
Saint Michaels Sustainable Community started building their Permaculture Ranch in 2001 in the mountains of Esterillos, Costa Rica 3.5 Kilometers from the beach. By 2015 they have become internationally recognized model of regenerative agriculture. The building of the community was accomplished by interns, volunteers, woofers, ecological experts, a NASA scientist, agriculture students, permaculturists, local farmers, and environmentalists (some that formerly worked for oil companies) and a regenerative rancher, Justin Dolan. Under Dolans' leadership five living roof homes have been designed and built using permaculture principals and two other homes have been built with rainwater harvesting roofs. A natural salt water swimming pools was installed in a food forest containing over hundreds of types of fruits, medicinal herbs, a free energy aquaponics system, 12 rotational pastures, chickens, lambs, a herd of cattle, reforestation, an equestrian center, organic orchards, and a disc golf course. The Community is home to the Permaculture Country Club of Costa Rica (PCC). [65]
Since 1993, Cuba has transformed its food production using low-input, or organic agriculture and, to some degree, permaculture. Havana produces up to 50% of its food requirements within the city limits, much of it organic and produced by people in their homes, gardens and in municipal spaces[66] The transformation in agriculture originated as a response to a crisis which is known as the Special Period. Starting in 1993 Australian permaculturists traveled to Cuba to educate Cuban gardeners in permaculture practices.[67][68]
The movement of sustainable communities in Ecuador reflects a bit the fact that it sits on the halfway mark of the Earth: it is neither invisible nor well defined, though small, it has many projects, although they are not necessarily part of a functional network.[citation needed]
Guaycuyacu - in the foothills of northwestern Ecuador
Guatemala
The Instituto Mesoamericano de Permacultura (IMAP)[69] was founded in 2000 by a group of Mayan farmers and professionals in San Lucas Toliman, Guatemala. It is a not-for-profit community organization focused on the development of self-sufficient communities through the responsible management of natural resources, using permaculture techniques and ancestral and traditional knowledge. Areas of focus include: the cultural and biological diversity of Mesoamerica; food security and food sovereignty; organic production systems at the community and familial level; and permaculture education and environmental stewardship.
Related Research Articles
Permaculture is an approach to land management and settlement design that adopts arrangements observed in flourishing natural ecosystems. It includes a set of design principles derived using whole-systems thinking. It applies these principles in fields such as regenerative agriculture, town planning, rewilding, and community resilience. Permaculture originally came from "permanent agriculture", but was later adjusted to mean "permanent culture", incorporating social aspects. The term was coined in 1978 by Bill Mollison and David Holmgren, who formulated the concept in opposition to modern industrialized methods instead adopting a more traditional or "natural" approach to agriculture.
Bruce Charles "Bill" Mollison was an Australian researcher, author, scientist, teacher and biologist. In 1981, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award "for developing and promoting the theory and practice of permaculture".
Forest gardening is a low-maintenance, sustainable, plant-based food production and agroforestry system based on woodland ecosystems, incorporating fruit and nut trees, shrubs, herbs, vines and perennial vegetables which have yields directly useful to humans. Making use of companion planting, these can be intermixed to grow in a succession of layers to build a woodland habitat. Forest gardening is a prehistoric method of securing food in tropical areas. In the 1980s, Robert Hart coined the term "forest gardening" after adapting the principles and applying them to temperate climates.
David Holmgren is an Australian environmental designer, ecological educator and writer. He is best known as one of the co-originators of the permaculture concept with Bill Mollison.
CERES Community Environment Park is a 4.5-hectare (11-acre) environmental education centre and social enterprise located in urban Brunswick East, Victoria, Australia. CERES stands for Centre for Education and Research in Environmental Strategies. The name also connects with Ceres the goddess of agriculture in Roman mythology.
ZEGG is an ecovillage located on the outskirts of Bad Belzig, Germany, about 80 km (50 mi) south-west of Berlin.
Bafut is a town located in a modern commune in Cameroon, it is also a traditional fondom. It is located in the Mezam Department, which in turn is located in the Northwest Province.
The Ecovillage Training Center is a "total immersion school" for sustainability. It is located at The Farm, an intentional community/ecovillage in Summertown, Tennessee, USA. The curricula of the center are "holistic and comprehensivist" and foster hands-on learning.
Plants For A Future (PFAF) is an online not for profit resource for those interested in edible and useful plants, with a focus on temperate regions. The organization's emphasis is on perennial plants, named after the phrase "plans for a future" as wordplay.
Lost Valley Educational Center is an intentional community and ecovillage located on 87 acres (350,000 m2) acres of mostly forested land in Dexter, Oregon, United States, approximately 18 miles (29 km) southeast of Eugene. The center was founded in 1989 and is located on the grounds of the old headquarters of the Shiloh Youth Revival Centers.
Geoff Lawton is a British-born Australian permaculture consultant, designer, teacher and speaker. Since 1995 he has specialised in permaculture education, design, implementation, system establishment, administration and community development.
Findhorn Ecovillage is an experimental architectural community project based at The Park, in Moray, Scotland, near the village of Findhorn. The project's main aim is to demonstrate a sustainable development in environmental, social, and economic terms. Work began in the early 1980s under the auspices of the Findhorn Foundation but now includes a wide diversity of organisations and activities. Numerous different ecological techniques are in use, and the project has won a variety of awards, including the UN-Habitat Best Practice Designation in 1998.
Martin Crawford is a British author who is the founder and director of the Agroforestry Research Trust.
Robyn Francis is an Australian permaculture figure founder of Permaculture College Australia.
The Yarrow Ecovillage is an intentional community in Yarrow, British Columbia, Canada. Yarrow is a settlement of 3,000 population within the municipal boundaries of Chilliwack, British Columbia. The Ecovillage is a member-designed community that aims to achieve a more socially, ecologically and economically sustainable way of life. The Ecovillage's master plan for the 10-hectare (25-acre) former dairy farm, foresaw three main legal entities: An 8-hectare (20-acre) organic farm, a 31-unit multigenerational cohousing community, and a mixed-use development with just under 2800 m2 of commercial space, a 17-unit senior cohousing community and a learning centre.
Beacon Food Forest is a 7-acre food forest in development adjacent to Jefferson Park on Beacon Hill in Seattle, Washington in the vicinity of 15th Avenue South and South Dakota Street. As the area sits on land owned by Seattle Public Utilities, it is believed to be the largest food forest on public land in the United States. The project also has more traditional private allotments, similar to those in other local P-Patch gardens.
Rob Hopkins is an activist and writer on environmental issues, based in Totnes, England. He is best known as the founder and figurehead of the Transition movement, which he initiated in 2005. Hopkins has written six books on environmentalism and activism.
A community orchard is a collection of fruit trees shared by communities and growing in publicly accessible areas such as public greenspaces, parks, schools, churchyards, allotments or, in the US, abandoned lots. Such orchards are a shared resource and not managed for personal or business profit. Income may be generated to sustain the orchard as a charity, community interest company, or other non-profit structure. What they have in common is that they are cared for by a community of people.
Paul Yeboah (1970-2021) was an educator, farmer, permaculturist, community developer, and social entrepreneur. He is the founder and coordinator of the Ghana Permaculture Institute and Network in Techiman, Ghana, West Africa. It is located in the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. The purpose of the Institute is to build and maintain a stable food system, to take care of the local ecosystems, and to improve the quality of life in the rural areas. The GPN trains students and community in sustainable ecological farming techniques. They support projects throughout Ghana; women groups, micro-finance projects; teach growing moringa; mushroom production; alley cropping, food forests development and Agroforestry.
Earthaven is an ecovillage in Western North Carolina, about 50 minutes from Asheville.
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