List of royal consorts of Iran

Last updated

Queen/Empress of Iran
ملکه/شهبانوی ایران (Persian)
Imperial
Imperial Arms of the Shahbanou of Iran.svg
Imperial arms of Empress Farah of Iran
Shahbanu of Iran.jpg
Last in role:
Farah Pahlavi
21 December 1959 – 11 February 1979
Details
Style Her Imperial Majesty
Formationc. 727 BC (Median dynasty) or 550 BC (Achaemenid dynasty)
Abolition11 February 1979 (Islamic Revolution)
Appointer Shah or Ruler of Iran

The royal consorts of Iran [a] were the consorts of the rulers of the various states and civilizations in Iran (Persia) from antiquity until the abolition of the Iranian monarchy in the Iranian Revolution (1979). Certain titles were used for the female ruler or royal consort in certain dynasties, including Banbishn for the Sassanids and Shahbanu for the Pahlavis. [4] [5]

Contents

Ancient Iran (c. 727 BC–AD 651)

Medes (c. 727–550 BC)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Aryenis Astyages [6]

Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Cassandane Cyrus II [7]
Phaedymia Cambyses II [8]
Atossa Cambyses II (disputed)
Darius I 		also a sister of Cambyses II. [9]
Artystone Darius I [10]
Parmys [11]
Amestris Xerxes I [12]
Damaspia Artaxerxes I [13]
Parysatis Darius II [14]
Stateira Artaxerxes II [15]
Amestris also a daughter of Artaxerxes II. [16]
Atossa Artaxerxes III [17] [18]
Stateira Darius III [19]

Hellenistic rule (331–129 BC)

Alexander's empire (331–305 BC)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Roxane (Le jeu des Reines renommees) MET DP833247 (cropped).jpg Roxana Alexander III [20]
Stateira [21]
Parysatis [22]
Eurydice Philip III [23]

Seleucid Empire (305–129 BC)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Apama Seleucus I Nicator [24]
Stratonice Seleucus I Nicator
Antiochus I Soter 		[25]
Laodice I Antiochus II Theos [26]
Berenice Syra [27]
Laodice II Seleucus II Callinicus [28]
Laodice III Antiochus III the Great [29]
Laodice IV Seleucus IV Philopator
Antiochus IV Epiphanes 		[30]
Laodice V Demetrius I Soter [31]
Gold coin of Cleopatra Thea as wife of Alexander I Balas.jpg Cleopatra Thea Alexander Balas
Demetrius II Nicator
Antiochus VII Sidetes 		[32]
Rhodogune Demetrius II Nicator [33]

Parthian Empire (c. 250/247 BC–224 AD)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Rinnu Mithridates I [34]
Ariazate Gotarzes I [35]
Laodice Orodes II [36]
The portrait of Musa of Parthia on the reverse of a drachm, Ecbatana mint.jpg Musa Phraates IV later a queen regnant in her own right. [37]

Sasanian Empire (224 AD–651 AD)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Sasanian art in Hermitage by Darafsh Gl-979.jpg Denag Ardashir I also a sister of Ardashir I. [38]
Murrod [4]
Khwarranzem Ardashir I or
Shapur I 		[39]
Shapurdukhtak I Bahram II [4]
Shapurdukhtak II Narseh [4]
Ifra Hormizd Hormizd II [40]
Seal of Yazdan-Friy-Shabuhr.jpg Yazdan-Friy Shapur Shapur III [41]
Shushandukht Yazdegerd I [42]
Denag Yazdegerd II [4]
Sambice Kavad I also a sister of Kavad I. [43]
Maria Khosrow II [4]
Khusraw Discovers Shirin Bathing, From Pictorial Cycle of Eight Poetic Subjects, mid 18th century.jpg Shirin [4]
Gurdiya (The Shahnama of Shah Tahmasp).png Gordiya [4]
Gold coin of Boran, daughter of Khusrau II.jpg Borandokht Kavad II also a sister of Kavad II; later a queen regnant in her own right. [44] [45]

Medieval Iran (651–1501)

Arab (caliphal) rule (638–861)

Rashidun Caliphate (638–661)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Zaynab bint Maz'un Umar [46] : 204 
Atika bint Zayd [47]
Umm Hakim bint al-Harith ibn Hisham [48]
Umm Kulthum bint Ali [49]
Na'ila bint al-Furafisa Uthman [50]
Umama bint Abi al-As Ali [51]
Umm al-Banin [52]
Asma bint Umais [53] : 12 

Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Maysun Mu'awiya I [54]
Umm Khalid Fakhita Yazid I
Fakhitah Marwan I
Atikah Abd al-Malik [55]
Umm al-Banin al-Walid I
Fatima Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
Umm Hakim Hisham [56]

Abbasid Caliphate (749–861)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Umm Salama Al-Saffah [57]
Arwa Al-Mansur [58]
Fatimah [59]
Rayta Al-Mahdi [60]
Al-Khayzuran [61]
Lubabah Al-Hadi
Zubaidah Harun al-Rashid [62]
Umm Muhammad [63]
Abbasa [64] : 328  [65]
Lubana Al-Amin [66]
Umm Isa Al-Ma'mun [67]
Buran [68]
Faridah Al-Mutawakkil [69]

Iranian Intermezzo (821–1090)

Buyids (934–1062)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Sayyida Shirin Fakhr al-Dawla [70]

Turco-Mongol rule (1038–1508)

Seljuk Empire (1038–1194)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Altun Jan Khatun Tughril [71]
Terken Khatun Malik-Shah I [72]
Zubayda Khatun [73]

Khwarazmian Empire (1097–1220/1221)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Terken Khatun Il-Arslan
Terken Khatun Ala al-Din Tekish [74]

Mongol Empire (1220–1259)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Wife of Tumanba Khan.jpg Börte Genghis Khan [75]
Khulan Khatun [76]
Yesugen [77]
Yesui [77]
Ibaqa Beki [77]
TuluiWithQueenSorgaqtani.jpg Sorghaghtani Beki Tolui [78]
Möge Khatun Ögedei Khan [79]
Töregene Khatun [80]
Oghul Qaimish Güyük Khan [81]

Ilkhanate (1256–1388)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
HulaguAndDokuzKathun.JPG Doquz Khatun Hulagu Khan [82]
Buluqhan Khatun Abaqa Khan
Arghun Khan 		[83]
Kököchin Ghazan [84]
Uljay Qutlugh Khatun Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan [83]
Baghdad Khatun [85]
Dilshad Khatun [86]

Timurid Empire (1370–1458)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Saray Mulk Khanum Timur [87]
Gawhar Shad Shah Rukh [88]

Aq Qoyunlu (1465–1508)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Despina Khatun Uzun Hasan [89]
Aynışah Sultan Ahmad Beg [90]

Modern Iran (1501–1979)

Safavid Iran (1501–1722)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Tajlu Khanum Ismail I [91]
Behruzeh Khanum [92]
Sultanum Begum Tahmasp I [93]
Portrait of Corasi, Sultan Agha Khanum, second wife of Tahmasp I.png Sultan-Agha Khanum [94]
Khayr al-Nisa Begum Mohammad Khodabanda [95]
Yakhan Begum Abbas I [96]
Marta [97]
Tamar Amilakhori [98]
Anna Khanum Safi [99]
Nakihat Khanum Abbas II [100]

Intermediate period (1722–1796)

Afsharids (1736–1796)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Razia Begum Nader Shah [101]

Qajar Iran (1789–1925)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Maryam Khanom Agha Mohammad Khan
Fath-Ali Shah 		[102]
Taj ol-Dowleh Fath-Ali Shah [103]
Golbadan Baji [104]
Aghabeyim agha Javanshir [105]
Begum Khanum
Badr Jahan Khanom
Antoin Sevruguin 43 8 SI.jpg Malek Jahan Khanom Mohammad Shah [106]
Galin Khanom Naser al-Din Shah [107]
tj ldwlh.jpg Taj al-Dawlah [107]
Shokouh ol-Saltaneh.jpg Shokouh al-Saltaneh [107]
Jeyran [108]
Anis-aldole1.jpg Anis al-Dawla [109]
Golestan Palace Album No. 210-21.4.jpg Amina Aqdas [110]
Khazen al-Dawlah [111]
Monirsaltaneh qajar.jpg Munir al-Saltaneh [107]
khnmbshy zn nSrldynshh.jpg Fatemeh Soltan Baghbanbashi [107]
tj lmlwkh dr jwny.jpg Taj ol-Molouk Mozaffar ad-Din Shah [112]
Malekeh Jahan 1.jpg Malekeh Jahan Mohammad Ali Shah [113]
Badr al-Molouk.jpg Badr al-Molouk Ahmad Shah [114]

Pahlavi Iran (1925–1979)

PortraitNameMonarchNotes
Taj ol-Molouk - queen of Persia.jpg Tadj ol-Molouk Reza Shah [115]
Queen Touran.jpg Turan Amirsoleimani [116]
Esmat Dowlatshahi.jpg Esmat Dowlatshahi [117]
Princess Fawzia bint Fuad of Egypt.jpg Fawzia bint Fuad Mohammad Reza Shah [118]
Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari-045.jpg Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary [119]
Farah Diba 1959 Iran.jpg Farah Diba [120]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The exonym "Persia" was used by the ancient Greeks to refer to the Achaemenid Empire, derived from the Persians (the Iranian ethnic group to which the Achaemenid dynasty belonged). Historically, "Persia" was subsequently used in the Western world to refer to Iran and Iranians. "Iran" (Īrān, ایران) is the country's endonym, first attested under the Sasanian Empire as Ērān, though earlier forms of the name (see Aryan ) date back to Proto-Indo-Iranian times [1] [2] [3] and had been used ever since. In 1935, the Iranian monarch Reza Shah requested that foreign delegates begin using "Iran" rather than "Persia" in formal correspondence, whereafter "Iran" has also become the common name used internationally. See name of Iran for further details.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Anthony 2007, p. 408.
  2. ↑ Kuzmina 2007, p. 451.
  3. ↑ "Aryan". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Brosius, Maria (1 January 2000). "Women i. In Pre-Islamic Persia". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  5. ↑ Sciolino, Elaine (3 October 2000). Persian Mirrors: The Elusive Face of Iran. Simon and Schuster. p. 254. ISBN   978-0-7432-1453-7.
  6. ↑ Schmitt, Rüdiger (1987). "ASTYAGES". Encyclopædia Iranica . Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  7. ↑ Dandamayev, Muhammad (15 December 1990). "Cassandane". Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.V, Fasc. 1. p. 62.
  8. ↑ Histories of Herodotus, Book 3, 3.69
  9. ↑ Schmitt, Rüdiger (15 December 1987). "Atossa". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 1. pp. 13–14.
  10. ↑ Brosius, M. (1998): Woman in Ancient Persia, p. 60, 62.
  11. ↑ Brosius, Maria (18 April 2006). The Persians. Routledge. p. 18. ISBN   978-1-134-35984-4.
  12. ↑ Longman III, Tremper; Enns, Peter (11 May 2010). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship. InterVarsity Press. p. 827. ISBN   978-0-8308-6738-7.
  13. ↑ Schmitt, Rüdiger (15 December 1993). "Damaspia". Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. VI, Fasc. 6. p. 626.
  14. ↑ "Parysatis I (fl. 440–385 BCE)". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  15. ↑ Badian, Ernst (16 November 2015). "Stateira". Encyclopædia Iranica.
  16. ↑ Schmitt, Rüdiger (15 December 1989). "Amestris". Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 9. pp. 935–936.
  17. ↑ Dent, Susie (2012), "Atossa" , Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable, Chambers Harrap Publishers, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199990009.001.0001, ISBN   978-0-19-999000-9 , retrieved 16 February 2022
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