List of rulers of Timor

This is a List of rulers of Timor'' since the 17th century. Timor was traditionally divided into a large number of small kingdoms whose monarchs were variously known as liurais, rajas, regulos, na'i, etc. They were drawn into the colonial spheres of the Dutch East India Company and Portugal from the 17th century onwards. The succession of the individual kingdoms is only partly known from the existing literature. After the achieving of Indonesian independence the kingdoms in West Timor were phased out and eventually abolished in about 1962. In Portuguese East Timor the kingdoms (reinos) lost much of their functions after 1912, although they have persisted as ritual domains until the present.

There were many chiefdoms on Timor, but according to the hierarchy among the Timorese domains, the ruler of Sonbai of West Timor, the ruler of Wehali of Central Timor, and the ruler of Likusaen (today: Liquiçá) of East Timor were three paramount rulers of Timor. ^[1]

Monarchs in West Timor

Kings of Amabi ^[2]

• Sebastião (before 1652–1658)
• Saroro Neno (fl. 1655)
• Ama Kefi Meu (1666–1704)
• Ama Kefi (1704–1725) [son]
• Loti (1725–1732) [son]
• Nai Balas (1732–1755) [brother]
• Balthazar Loti (1755–1791) [son of Loti]
• Osu I (1791–1795) [son]
• Slolo (1795-c. 1797) [son]
• Afu Balthazar (c. 1797-before 1824) [brother]
• Arnoldus Adriaan Karel Loti (before 1824–34) [son]
• Osu II (1834–1859) [brother]
• Mano (1860–1883) [nephew]
• Lelo (Nolus) (1884–1894) [son]
• Kusa (regent 1896–1901) [second cousin]
• Arnoldus (1901) [son of Lelo]
• Junus Amtaran (1901–1903) [of Amtaran family]
• Kase Kome (1903–1912) [nephew of Osu II]
• Jacob Ch. Kome (1912–1917; died 1976) [son]
• Amabi incorporated in Kupang 1917

Kings of Amakono (Miomaffo) ^[3]

• Oenun Kono (Fahik Bere)
• Oenun Kono [son]
• Afoan Kono [son]
• Neno Kono [son]
• Sani Kono [son]
• Taenube Kono [son]
• Dom Francisco de Taynube (fl. 1702–04) [same as above?]
• Nai Taupah Kono (?-1722) [son of Taenube Kono]
• Takaip lord (early 18th century)
• Takaip lord (18th century) [son]
• Nai Takaip (?-1758) [son]
• Tessoy (1758–61) [brother]
• Usi Kenet (1761–64) [brother]
• Tetu Takaip (1764–65) [brother]
• Oenunu Amakono (1766-?) [son of Nai Taupah Kono]
• Manubait Lemon (c. 1800) [son]
• Nai Toh Kono (before 1832–1855?) [son]
• Oenunu Kono I (1879–1902) [son]
• Oenunu Kono II (1903–20) [son]
• Kefi Lelan (1920–34)
• Sobe Senak (1934–47) [great-grandson of Nai Toh Kono]
• Gaspar Afoan Kono (1947–62; died 1986) [son of Oenunu Kono II]

Kings of Amanatun ^[4]

• Pedro (of Batumean fl. 1642)
• João (of Batumean fl. 1645)
• Don Louis Nai Konof (before 1751–1766)
• Don Joan Benao (1766-?) [son]
• Nai Taman (fl. 1832)
• Loit Banu Naek (?-c. 1899)
• Muti Banu Naek (1899–1915; died 1918) [son]
• Kusa Banu Naek (1916–1919) [second cousin of Loit]
• Kolo Banu Naek (1920–1946; died 1969) [son of Muti]
• Lodeweik Lourens Don Louis (1946–1962; died 1990) [cousin]

Kings of Amanuban ^[5]

• Don Michel (before 1749–1751)
• Don Louis I (1751–1770) [brother]
• Don Jacobus Albertus (1770–1786) [son]
• Tubani (1786-c. 1807) [cousin]
• Don Louis II (c. 1807-c. 1824) [son]
• Baki (c. 1824–1862) [son]
• Sanu (1862–1879) [son]
• Bil Nope (c. 1870–1910) [son]
• Noni Nope (1910–1920) [brother]
• Pae Nope (1920–1946; died 1959) [son]
• Paulus Nope (1946–1949; died 1959) [son]
• Kusa Nope (1949–1962) [brother]

Kings of Amarasi ^[6]

• António I (?-1665)
• Dom Thomas (1665-?) [brother]
• N.N. (fl. 1679) [son or nephew]
• Dom António II (fl. 1688–1695)
• Dom Augusto Fernandes (fl. 1697–1703)
• Dom Affonço (fl. 1703)
• Nai Soti (fl. 1714)
• Dom Luís Hornay (Esu) (before 1749–1751)
• Dom Afonço Hornay (Ruatefu) (1751–1774) [son]
• Don Rote Ruatefu (1774–1802) [son]
• Kiri Lote (1803-before 1832) [son]
• Muni (before 1832) [probably son]
• Koro Kefi (before 1832–1853) [brother]
• Obe Koro (1853–1871) [nephew]
• Rasi Koroh (1872–1887) [grandson of Obe Koro]
• Taku Obe (1888–1891) [son of Obe Koro]
• Rasi Koroh (1892–1914) (2nd time)
• Isaac Koroh (1914–1923) [brother]
• Alexander Koroh (1923–1925; died 1944) [grandson of Rasi Koroh]
• Hendrik Arnold Koroh (1925–1951) [brother]
• Viktor Koroh (1951–1962; died 1990) [son]

Kings of Amfoang ^[7]

• Nai Toas (1683-after 1698)
• Am Fo’an (?-1708)
• Dom Manuel (1708–1718) [son]
• Daniel (1718–1748) [uncle]
• Bartolomeus I (1748–1776) [son]
• Daniel Bartolomeus (1776–1783) [son]
• Bartolomeus II Nai Toas (1783–1795) [brother]
• Babneno (1795-?)
• Jacob Bartolomeus (1800–1802)
• Bartholomeus III (1802–1806)
• Jacob Bartolomeus (1806–?) [brother]
• Abi Aunoni (fl. 1829)
• Manoh Aunoni (fl. 1832)
• Neno (c. 1830s)
• Fini Manoh Aunoni (before 1845–1850)
• Willem Bartolomeus Manoh (1850–1858) [nephew]
• Willem Sanu Aunoni (1858–1880) [son of Fini Aunoni]
• Anna Elisabeth Aunoni (1881–1902) [granddaughter]
• Willem Tafin Talnoni (1902–1914) [alleged uncle]
• Soleman Willem Talnoni (1915–1921) [son]
• Adreanus Talnoni (1922) [brother]
• Mutis Oil Amanit (1923–1930)
• Semuel Oil Amanit (1930–1943) [brother]
• Willem Oil Amanit (1943–1948; died 1996) [son of Mutis Oil Amanit]
• Semuel Oil Amanit (1948–1962, 2nd time)

Kings of Amfoang–Sorbian ^[8]

• Nai Manubait (?-1697)
• Mano Nassa (fl. 1728)
• Taiboko (before 1749)
• Dom Bernardo da Costa (before 1749–1753) [son]
• Tusala Taiboko (1753–1779) [brother]
• Talnoni Forisa (1779–1808?) [son]
• Muti Afo’an
• Pupu Afo’an [brother]
• Nobel Afo’an (?-c.1824) [son]
• Masu Taiboko (Usi Molo) (fl. 1829) [son]
• Willem Manoh (before 1844–1854)
• No-Feie (1854–57) [nephew]
• Molo Mano (1857–75) [putative son of Usi Molo]
• Willem Mano (1875–1885) [son]
• Baki Mano (1898–1909) [great-grandson of Muti Afo’an]
• Incorporated in Amfoan 1910

King of Belu (Tasifeto) ^[9]

• Josef Sirimain da Costa (1916–1923) [of Jenilu]
• Incorporated in Malaka-Belu 1924

Kings of Biboki ^[10]

• Nai Tanesi (fl. 1761)
• Usi Taum Kenad
• Nesi Bokko [son]
• Tabesi Bokko [son]
• Nesi Tahoni [son]
• Usi Tehi (1854–?)
• Nesi Bokko (?-1916) [son of Nesi Tahoni]
• Tabesi Usi Ana Pah (1900–1904) [brother]
• Nesi Atau Kaha (Nesi Tahut Pah) (1905–1915) [nephew]
• Kau Mauk (1915–1940; died 1947) [descended from Usi Taum Kenad]
• Leonardus Taek Kau (1942–1962)

Kings of Dirma ^[11]

• Nai Tasai (fl. 1761)
• Hane Tae (fl. 1765)
• Francisco Doutel (fl. 1786)
• Nai Tei Seran (1836–?)
• Neki (Kalau Nekin?) (1880–1904)
• Bau Nekin (1905–1916) [son of Kalau Nekin]
• Incorporated in Malaka 1916
• Fatin Nekin (fl. 1926–1934)
• Ramen Fatin
• Manek Fatin (?-1956) [brother]
• Ciprianus Ulu (1991–2005) [nephew]
• Herman Lam Nikin (2005–) [nephew]

Kings of Fatuleu ^[12]

• Christoffel Thaiboko (1912–1930) [son of Nai Fai Thaiboko of Takaip]
• Nicolaas Nisnoni (1930–1942; died 1952) [from Sonba'i Kecil]
• Alfonsus Nisnoni (1942–1945; died 1992) [son]
• Hans Nisnoni (1945–1955; died 1983) [brother]

Kings of Fialaran ^[13]

• Dom António Hornay (fl. 1726–1731)
• Dom Joaquim Hornay de Matos (fl. 1764–1786)
• Dom Manuel Ignacio Boquete (fl. 1815)
• Don Carel Taek (c. 1815–1858)
• Atok Mauk (1858–1903) [nephew]
• Atok Samara Loro (1904–1916) [grandnephew]
• Incorporated in Belu Tasi Feto 1916

Kings of Funai ^[14]

• Lafu I (1749-after 1767)
• Jacob Liskoen (fl. 1797–1806)
• Kolo (fl. 1805) [son of Lafu I.]
• Lelo (fl. 1832) [brother]
• Lafu II (1840–1873) [grandson of Lafu I]
• Toh Liskoen (1874–?) [great-grandson of Lafu I]
• Kolan Funai (1888–1906) [son of Lafu II]
• Kolan Laurens Funai (1906–1917) [grandson of Toh Liskoen]
• Incorporated in Kupang 1917

Kings of Insana ^[15]

• Tana Mende (fl. 1761)
• Taku (fl. 1765)
• Malafu Neno
• Malafu Pa [son]
• Malafu Tasaeb (1880–1901) [son]
• Usi Nila (Nila Ela Taiboko) (1902–1914)
• Kahalasi Taolin (1915–1934)
• Tasaeb Malafu (1934–1936) [great-grandson of Malafu Tasaeb]
• Afu Tasaeb (1936–1938) [son]
• Dominicus Taolin (1938–1940; died 1974) [son of Kahalesi Taolin]
• Petrus Atolan Tasaeb (1940–1942; died 1989) [grandson of Tasaeb Malafu]
• Lorencius Taolin (1942–1962) [brother of Dominicus Taolin]

Kings of Jenilu ^[16]

• Dom Manuel de Jesus (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom Vicente de Jesus (fl. 1815)
• Serente Mor (fl. 1832)
• Raja Perempuan (c. 1845) [daughter of Raja Balibo]
• Besi Taik (1851–1879)
• Mariana Rosa da Costa (1879–1893) [daughter]
• Gabriel Perera (regent 1893–1902)
• Josef da Costa (Sirimain) (1902–1916) [son of Mariana Rosa da Costa]
• Incorporated in Belu Tasi Feto 1916

Kings of Kupang ^[17] (Greater Kupang since 1917 ^[18] )

• Ama Pono I (died 1619)
• Dom Duarte (fl. 1645)
• Ama Pono II (before 1649–1659) [grandson of Ama Pono I]
• Mauritius Ama Pot (1659–1660) [son]
• Ama Susang (regent-ruler 1660?–1698) [brother]
• Ama Besi (co-ruler 1660–1678)
• Pono Koi (1673–1691) [son of Ama Pono II]
• Ama Tomananu (1698–1731) [son]
• Buni (1732–1749) [grandson of Ama Besi]
• Karel Korang (1749–1760) [son]
• Lasi Tepak (1760–1770) [descended from Ama Pono II]
• Nai Manas (1770–1785) [son]
• Kolang Tepak (1785–1786) [uncle]
• Tepak Lasi (1786-c. 1795) [son of Lasi Tepak]
• Susang Manas (c. 1795-after 1803) [son of Nai Manas?]
• Lasi Kloman (before 1832–1858) [putative grandson of Lasi Tepak]
• Manas Dean (1858–1868) [grandson of Nai Manas?]
• Manas Kloman (1869–1889) [nephew of Lasi Kloman]
• Leo Manas (1890–1895) [son]
• Dean Manas (1895–1908) [brother]
• Soleman Pallo (1908–1911) [grandson of Susang Manas]
• Salmun Pallo (fettor [regent] 1911–1917) [son] – Incorporated in (Greater) Kupang kingdom 1917
• Daud Tanof (1918) [from Taebenu]
• Nicolaas Nisnoni (1918–1945) [of Sonba'i Kecil]
• Alfonsus Nisnoni (1945–1955) [son]
• Leopold Nicolaas Isu Nisnoni (1992–Present) [son] ^[19]

Fettors in Kupang during Greater Kupang period

• Snait Dean (fettor 1917–1922) [son of Dean Manas]
• Martinus Pallo (fettor 1922–1938) [son of Soleman Pallo]
• Bui Dean or Benjamin Bissilissin (fettor 1938–1950) [son of Dean Manas]
• Christiaan Dean Bissilissin (fettor 1950–1962) [son]

Kings of Lakekun ^[20]

• Bau Nahak
• Bano Lorok (early 19th century)
• Balok Lorok [daughter]
• Hoar Teti [daughter]
• Moru Lebok [son]
• Tahu Leki (?-1916) [nephew]
• Benediktus Leki Tahu (1916– 1980) [Tahu leki's son]
• Marselus Bere (1980–2011) [Tahu Leki ]
• Petrus Seran Tahuk (2011– sekarang) ( keponakan Marselus Bere Lakekun)

Kings of Lamaknen (Maere) ^[21]

• Dom Miguel da Silva (fl. 1732)
• Dom Sebastião Carvalho (fl. 1737)
• Gaspar Ximenes Manuel da Costa (fl. 1766)
• Dom Pedro (fl. c. 1769)
• Dato Meno (fl. 1818–1832)
• Bee Siri Loi (1867–?)
• Serang Lae (1900–1904)
• Siri Loko (1905–1916) – Lamaknen merged into Belu Tasi Feto
• Loro Laku Malik (?-1950), titular
• Loro A.A. Bere Tallo (1950–2002), titular
• Loro Josef Kalimau (2003–), titular

Kings of Makir, in Lamaknen ^[22]

• Bere Loi
• Be-Berre Lako (c. 1905–1916)
• Tes Bau, Leonardus Bele Leki (1916–1934), titular
• Paulus Uju Mor (1934–1961) [brother], titular
• Alfonsius A Bei Mone (1961–2001), titular

Kings of Lamassane ^[23]

• Dom António Ferreira (fl. 1726)
• Dom Miguel Carvalho da Silva (fl. 1737)
• Dom João de Carvalho (fl. c. 1769)

Kings of Lanqueiro ^[24]

• Furu Leki (Turlike) (fl. 1760–1765)
• Dom Felix (fl. c. 1769)

Kings of Lasiolat ^[25]

• Suri Aton (fl. 1860)
• Josef Loro Berek (fl. 1884)
• Don Cajetanus da Costa (before 1894–1938) [son of Mariana da Costa of Jenilu]

Kings of Lidak ^[26]

• Dom Gaspar Moniz (fl. c. 1769)
• Rino Mauk (fl. 1818)
• Nai Puwa (fl. 1832)
• N.N. (before 1852–1858)
• Moruk Huseriu (1858-c. 1878) [adopted]
• Alexander Rinu Mesak (c. 1878–1900) [adopted from Umaklaran]
• Petronella da Costa (1901–1913) [daughter]
• Incorporated in Belu Tasi Feto 1916

Fettors of Manubait ^[27]

• Ammanubait (?-1712)
• Nube Manubait (fl. 1752)
• Akaie (fl. 1832)
• Nai Ote Kale (1861–1875)
• Tasi Bait (1876–1903)
• Nisnoni Feku Bait (1904–1905)
• Neno Bait (1905)
• Salla Bait (1908–1912)
• Manubait incorporated in Fatuleu 1912

Fettors and kings of Mollo ^[28]

• Fettors at Mollo
  • Ifo Oematan
  • Toh Oematan [son]
  • Sani Oematan [son]
  • Nisnoni Oematan [son]
  • Neno Oematan [son]
  • Kono Oematan [son]
  • Tau Pah Oematan [son]
  • Toh Oematan [son]
  • Toh Tunbesi [son]
• Fettors at Netpala
  • Tabelak Oematan (fl. 1832) [son of Toh Tunbesi]
  • Toh Asupa Oematan [son]
  • Toh Kole Oematan (before 1845–1896) [brother]
  • Toh Oematan, Lukemtasa (1896–1912) [son]
• Fettors at Nunbena
  • Toh Oematan (fl. 1845) [son of Toh Tunbesi]
  • Kono Toh Oematan [son, or son of Toh Tunbesi]
  • Toh Hoe Nael (fl. 1861) [son]
  • Toh Hae Mnanu (?-c. 1879) [brother]
  • Toh Poi Oematan (c. 1879–99) [son]
  • Toh Aleka Musu (1901–05) [brother]
  • Baki Oematan (c. 1906) [son of Toh Poi]
  • Bai Oematan (c. 1906–15) [son of Toh Hoe Nael]
• Fettors at Besiana
  • Sopo Oematan (Tau Pak) (fl. 1832–45) [son of Toh Tunbesi]
  • Sau Oematan [son]
  • Baki Usaf Oematan (fl. 1861–76) [brother]
  • Kono Oematan before (1888–1900) [son]
  • Huku Oematan (1900–15) [brother]
• Monarchs of Mollo
  • Willem Frederik Hendrik Oematan (1916–1930; died 1937) [adopted by Lukemtasa]
  • Tua Sonba'i (1932–1959) [grandnephew of Nasu Mollo of Sonba'i Besar]

Kings of Naitimu ^[29]

• Romorok (fl. 1761)
• Nai Mau (fl. 1832)
• Taik Mauk (1847–1878)
• Fahik (1879–1890)
• Kau Atok and Kau Besi (1890–1894) [sons]
• Don Basenti (1894–1914) [son of Mariana da Costa of Jenilu]
• Naitimu merged with Kakuluk Mesak 1914, then with Belu Tasi Feto 1916

Kings of Noimuti ^[30]

• Manuel Fernandes (capitão fl. 1702)
• Richard Luis Sonba'i (18th century?) [son of a Sonba'i ruler]
• António da Costa (fl. 1761) [brother of Topass leader Gaspar da Costa I]
• Miguel de Sarayva (fl. 1766)
• Mateus da Costa (?-1890s) [son of Gaspar da Costa II of Oecussi]
• Domingos da Costa (1890s–1917; died 1941) [son]
• Noimuti incorporated in Amakono 1917

Kings of Seisal ^[31]

• Caspar da Costa Correia (fl. 1928)
• Na’i João Correia (?-1949)
• Nai Cipriano da Silva Correia (1949–) [cousin; son of Caspar da Costa Correia]

Kings of Silawan ^[32]

• Dom Cristóvão (fl. 1633)
• Nai Atok (1834-after 1870)
• Besin Mauk (1884–1900?)
• Datu Mauk (1900–1914) [probably son]
• Ani Berek (1914–1916)
• Silawan incorporated in Belu (Tasifeto) 1916

Emperors of Sonba'i Besar ^[33]

• Nai Laban
• Nai Nati [son]
• Nai Faluk [son]
• Nai Lele Sonba'i [son]
• Ama Tuan I or Ama Utang (c. 1650-c. 1680) [presumed son]
• N.N. (c. 1680–1686) [son]
• Dom Afonso da Costa (fl. 1695)
• Dom Pedro Sonba'i or Tomenu (fl. 1704–1726) [grandson of Ama Tuan I]
• Dom Alfonso Salema or Nai Bau Sonbai I (before 1749–1752) [son]
• Don Bernardo (1752–1760) [son]
• Albertus Johannes Taffy or Nai Tafin Sonbai (1760–1768) [brother]
• Alphonsus Adrianus or Nai Kau Sonba'i (1768–1802) [son]
• Nai Sobe Sonba'i II (1808–1867) [son]
• Nai Bau Sonba'i II (1867-c. 1885) [son]
• Nai Nasu Mollo (1870–1885) [cousin]
• Nai Sobe Sonbai III  [ id ] (1885–1906) [son of Nai Sobe Sonba'i II]

Emperors of Sonba'i Kecil ^[34]

• Ama Tuan II (1659–1672) [son of Ama Tuan I of Sonba'i Besar]
• Usi Tetu Utang (1672–1717) [daughter]
• Bernardus de Leeuw (1717–1726) [son of Dom Pedro of Sonba'i Besar]
• Corneo Leu (1728–1748) [brother]
• Daniel Tafin Leu (1748–1760) [brother]
• Jacobus Albertus Taffy (1760–1776) [son of Bernardus de Leeuw]
• Alphonsus Adrianus (1776–1782) [of Sonba'i Besar]
• Bernadus Nisnoni or Baki Bena (1776–1795) [so-called brother of Jacobus Albertus Taffy]
• Dirk Hendrik Aulasi (1795–1798) [son?]
• Pieter Nube or Nube Bena (1798–1821) [brother of Bernardus Nisnoni]
• Pieter Babakase (1821-c. 1825) [son]
• Isu Baki (1820s?) [son of Bernardus Nisnoni]
• Pieter Aulasi or Ote Nuben (c. 1825–1839) [grandson of Pieter Nube]
• Meis Nisnoni (1839–1860) [son of Pieter Babakase]
• Pieter Messi Nisnoni (1860–1874) [son]
• Bastian Isu Nisnoni (1875–1889) [brother]
• Sait Meis Nisnoni (1890–1902) [son]
• Baki Bastian Meis Nisnoni (1905–1911; died 1972) [brother]
• Nicolaas Isu Nisnoni (1911–1918, in Kupang 1918–1945; died 1952) [brother]
• Alfonsus Nisnoni (in Kupang 1945–1955; died 1992) [son]
• Leopold Nicolaas Isu Nisnoni (in Kupang, titular raja 1992–Present) [son] ^[19]

Kings of Taebenu ^[35]

• Tanof I (1688–1700)
• Amatabenu (1700-after 1709) [son]
• Tanof II (1700–1737) [son of Lasi Lelo]
• Tus Tanof (1737–1768) [son]
• Tanof III (1768-?) [son]
• Marcus Kobe Tanof (fl. 1746–1803) [uncle]
• Enus Kobe (fl. 1832) [son]
• Salolo Kobe (?-1841) [brother]
• Kobe Tus (1841–1850) [nephew]
• Hanoch Tanof I (Nobe Salolo) (1850–1873) [son of Salolo Kobe]
• Hanoch Tanof II (1874–1895) [son]
• Jacob Tanof (1896–1901) [son]
• Daud Tanof (1901–1917) [brother]
• Taebenu incorporated in Kupang 1917

Fettors of Takaip ^[36]

• Nai Ballang (fl. 1832)
• Abnoni (?-1864)
• Foan (1864–?) [son]
• Nai Moni Taiboko (1871–1874)
• Baki Kooi (1874–1877)
• Baki Tuha (1877–1900) [son]
• Nai Fai Taiboko (1900–1912) [son of Nai Moni Taiboko]
• Takaip incorporated in Fatuleu 1912

Kings of Tiris-Mauta ^[37]

• Dom Lourenço da Costa (fl. 1703)
• Dom Ventura da Costa (fl. 1741)

Kings of Tirilolo (Betulale)

• Belmiro Belo (the father,1890–1933)
• Manuel Mira Belo (Son of Belmiro Belo,1933–1956)
• Julio da Piedade Belo (Son of Belmiro Belo,1956–1981)
• David Lopes Belo (Son of Manuel M. Belo,1981–1999)

Monarchs of Wehali

Maromak Oan (Divine Sons) of Wehali ^[38]

• Lakki Lorok
• Berek
• Halau Tuan
• Sera Berek Tuan
• Baria Korat
• Baria Fahuk Tuan
• Bere Klau [grandson of Baria Korat]
• Seran Berek [nephew]
• Barai Korak
• Baria Fahuk [nephew of Seran Berek]
• Baria Baek [nephew]
• Baria Nahak (before 1892–1925) [nephew]
• Seran Nahak (1925–1930; died 1970) [nephew]
  • Wehali incorporated in Malaka 1916, in Belu 1930

Liurais of Wehali

• Unnamed Queen (c. 1732) ^[39]
• Dom Jacinto Correia (c. 1756–1757) ^[40]
• António de Melo (c. 1767) ^[40]
• Dom Alesu Fernandes (c. 1800) ^[40]
• Unnamed Queen (c. 1814) ^{[40] [39]}
• Loro Ramaë (c. 1832) ^[40]
• Nai Tei (?–1858) ^[40]

Kings of Wewiku ^[41]

• Nai Liu (fl. 1756)
• Don Alvare de Loja (fl. 1761)
• Louis Perera (regent fl. 1765)
• Anthony Perera (fl. 1767)
• Loro Mamas (fl. 1832)
• Nahak Maroe Rai (Nahak Metan) (?-1906) [son of Bei Nai Bria]
• Nai Kalau Serang Badak (c. 1908–16)
• Wewiku incorporated in Malaka 1916

Monarchs in East Timor

These kingdoms existed in the territory of the present Democratic Republic of East Timor.

Kings of Aileu ^[42]

• Dom Paulo da Costa (?-1873)
• Dom Paulo Mesquita de Oliveira (?-1940)
• Dom João Mendonça de Oliveira (fl. 1952–1964) [son]

Kings of Ainaro ^[43]

• Nai Ceu (was a local Mambae king who reigned around the 18th century around the city of Ainaro, due to conflict with colonial the king was exiled to the mountain for decades, after a long time the first son of the Nai Ceu was appointed to rule again by the colonial but he refused to do that, for past several years they chose the new king named "Mau Meta" but it did not last long until the new king "Dom Aleixo Corte-Real" was chosen.
• Nai Cau (fl. 1912) [son of Tai-Mali from Suro]
• Dom Aleixo Corte-Real (c. 1912–1943) [second cousin]
• Dona Maria Amado de Jesus Corte-Real (1943–1960) [widow]

Kings of Alas ^[44]

• Dom Miguel Tavares (fl. 1703–1726)
• Dom Miguel da Silva (fl. 1730–1731)
• Dom José Rodrigues Pereira(fl. 1760–1762)
• Dom Bernardo Pinto da Costa (fl. c. 1769)
• Dona Liberata da Costa (fl. 1815)
• Dona Guiomar da Costa Pinto (fl. 1854)
• Dom Bernardo Doutel Sarmento (fl. 1874)
• Dom Sebastião Macedo da Costa (fl. 1885)
• Dom Januário (?-1912)
• Dom Carlos Borromeu Duarte (1912–1945) [son of Dom José of Deribate]
• Dona Maria Borromeu Duarte (1945–1952) [widow; daughter of Dom Afonso of Bibissuço]
• Dom Januário da Costa Franco (1952–1973) [great-grandnephew of Dom José of Deribate]
• Dom José Borromeu Duarte (1974–1997) [son of Dom Carlos Borromeu Duarte]
• Carlos Boromeu Duarte (1997–1999) [nephew]
• Alexandrina Borromeu Duarte (2002–) [niece]

Kings of Ambeno ^[45]

• Dom Pedro of Lifau (fl. 1641)
• Dom Paulo I of Lifau (?-1670)
• Dom Paulo II (before 1749–1761)
• Nai Sitenoni (fl. 1756–1762) [nephew]
• Nai Nobe Dom Paulo (1761-after 1764) [son or brother of Dom Paulo II]
• Dom Paulo III (before 1765-c. 1800) [presumably same as above]
• Dom Domingos Francisco da Cruz Hornay (fl. 1815–1829; in Citrana fl. 1832–1836) [son]
• Dom Paulo IV (fl. 1832)
• Dom Bernardo I (fl. 1851)
• Usi Toli (before 1870)
• Dom Pedro Paulo Hornay da Cruz (fl. 1879–1886)
• Dom Bernardo II (fl. 1896) [grandson of Domingos Francisco]
• Dom Carlos da Cruz (fl. 1903) [son of Dom Pedro Paulo]
• Dom Pedro de Tulicão (?-1909) [son of Dom Bernardo II]
• Dom João da Cruz Hornay (1909–1913) [son]
• Incorporated in Oecussi 1913

Kings of Atabae ^[46]

• Dossi Lelo (fl. 1900)
• Regulo Bere Talo (fl. 1912)

Kings of Atsabe ^[47]

• Dom Manuel (fl. 1761)
• Sama Lelo (fl. 1764-c. 1769)
• Dom António Hornay Boquete (fl. 1815)
• Dom Tomás Pinto (fl. 1854–1900)
• Nai Resi and Nai Sama [grandsons, contested power]
• Dom Cipriano Gonçalves (1912–1943) [son of Nai Resi]
• Dom Guilherme Maria Gonçalves (1943–1999) [son of Dom Cipriano]

Kings of Balibo ^[48]

• Dom Lourenço (fl. 1703)
• Dom Caethano da Costa (fl. 1731)
• Ban Biti (fl. 1764)
• Dom João da Costa (fl. 1765)
• Dom José de Melo (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom Vicente da Costa (fl. 1815)
• Ute Kaptan (fl. 1832)
• Dom Francies da Costa (fl. 1854)
• Dona Maria Micaela Doutel da Costa (1871-after 1879)
• Samara Maubile (fl. 1899)
• Raul dos Santos (fl. 1952)
• Mendes (?-1999)

Kings of Barique ^[49]

• Dom Lourenço Hornay (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom Christovão Pereira Hornay (fl. 1815)
• Dom Frederico dos Reis e Cunha (fl. 1854)
• Dom Hypolito dos Reis e Cunha Hornay (c. 1855-after 1899)
• Dom Marcos (fl. 1912)
• Tito dos Reis Cunha (before 1944 – after 1974)

Kings of Baucau ^[50]

• Dom Manuel Caetano Delgado Ximenes (1884– after 1893)
• Dom Francisco da Costa Freitas (1899–1922) [Son of Dom Domingos da Costa Freitas of Vemasse]
• Tomás da Costa Soares (1922–1929) [brother-in-law]
• Nai Cipriano da Silva Correia (1981–1999) [son of Caspar da Costa Correia of Seisal]

Kings of Bebico ^[51]

• Dona Marianna da Costa (fl. 1815)
• Dona Sebastiana dos Reis e Cunha (fl. 1854)
• Dom Domingos Manoel (fl. 1865)
• Dom Boaventura da Costa (fl. 1885)

Kings of Bercoly (Fatumarto) ^[52]

• Dom Ukabai/Kutamori
• Dom/Tenente Coronel Antonio Laçumodo (Kutamori Bahalale)
• Sebastião Guterres (fl. 1854)
• Mateus de Sousa Fernandes (fl. 1872–1881)
• Soto Maior Cairiri
• Alexandre Fernandes de Rego (fl. 1884–1888)
• Alexandre de Sousa [same person?]
• Mariano de Sousa [son]
• Dom Mariano da Costa Freitas (fl. 1930–1931) [same person?]
• Chefe Juridiçao Fatumarto António Pacheco
• Encaregado, Carlos Ximenes da Costa (fl. 1934) [Kelekai]
• Gaspar de Sousa [married niece of Dom Alexandre de Sousa]
• Chefe Juridiçao Fatumarto Domingos da Costa Belo (1948–1965)
• Dona Maria & Gaspar [Uaitunau]
• Chefe Juridiçao Fatumarto Joaquim
• Chefe Juridiçao Fatumarto Luís da Conceição Mira Belo
• Chefe Suco Raimundo Belo [Uma Ana Ulo]
• Domingos de Sousa
• Vicente de Sousa

Kings of Bibiluto ^[53]

• Dom João (fl. 1703)
• Dom Caetano de Melo de Castro (fl. 1726)
• Dom Mateus da Costa (fl. c. 1769)
• Dona Isabel de Carvalho da Silva (fl. 1815)
• Dom António (fl. 1818)
• Dom Domingos da Costa (fl. 1854)
• Dom Bernardo Cardoso (fl. 1874–1881)
• Dona Guimare da Costa (1891–?)

Kings of Bibissuço ^[54]

• Dom Francisco Soares da Costa (fl. 1815)
• Dom Manuel Fernandes Tavares (fl. 1854)
• Dom Florencio Fernandes Hornay (fl. 1874–1881)
• Dom Afonso Hornay de Soares Pereira (fl. 1885–1913)

Kings of Bobonaro ^[55]

• Valli Mawu (fl. 1760)
• Dom Lac Theu, in Hoto-sae
• Dom Tai Mau, in Hot-Topá [brother]
• Two queens [widows of Dom Lac-Theu and Dom Tai Mau
• Dom Cleto (Cai Leto) (before 1896-c. 1910) [nephew of the two queens]
• Dom Loe Mau (fl. 1911) [nephew]
• Dom Leto Mau [brother]
• Mateus Barros (fl. 1942)
• Dom Mau Lulu, his name baptis is Joao Vilar Moreira, (Village of Marobo, Soileso, traditional housing is Dasi-ubun, he was born in 1875– and he died in April 1941) : He ruled 3 villages namely Atuaben, Soileso and Ilatlaun. During the war in Manufahi 1911–1912 he sent 40 young men from Marobo Villages to expel the Portuguese. His wife's name is Soi-Lelo, from Traditional housing is Lico-Omau. His father's name is Tailoco and his mother's name is motsu-Loe.
• Dom Alfredo Soares (before 1952–1958) [nephew of Dom Leto Mau]
• Dom Vitorino Rodrigues (1958-after 1964) [brother]
• Dom Afonso Henriques ( Village of Hauba – 1983)
• Dom Vitorino Henriques ( Bobonaro-Honalo, 1991)

Kings of Cailaco ^[56]

• Dom Aleixo (fl. 1726)
• Dom Paulo de Sá (fl. c. 1769)
• Samalelo (fl. 1815)
• Dom Matheos Rodrigues de Mattos e Gois (fl. 1854)
• Nai-Bute (fl. 1896)
• Dom Bacu Mali (1928) village of Raiheu.

Kings of Caimau ^[57]

• Dom João Baptista Vieira (fl. 1815)
• Dom Tomáz Baptista e Gois (fl. 1854)
• Dom Ventura Godinho Garcia (fl. 1874–1888)
• Dom António Mesquita
• Dom Manuel Gama Barata de Conceição Mesquita (1935–1975) [son]

Kings of Cairui ^[58]

• Dom Pedro (fl. 1726)
• Dom Domingos Luís (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom Francisco Luíz Ximenes (fl. 1815)
• Dom José Ximenes (fl. 1854)
• Dom João da Costa Ximenes (fl. 1877–1878)
• Dom António Ximenes (fl. 1888)

Kings of Camenaça ^[59]

• Dom Domingos Tavares (fl. 1703)
• Dom Matias da Costa (fl. 1726–1731)
• Dom Manuel Tavares (fl. c. 1769)
• Bei Metan (1908–?)
• Nae-Clara (fl. 1911)
• Nai Cameteti (fl. 1941)
• Naha Mali (fl. 1952)
• Dom Vidal Clau (fl. 1975)

Kings of Claco ^[60]

• Dom Francisco Fernandes (fl. 1703)
• Dom Belchior Fernandes (fl. 1726)
• Dom Manuel Hornay (fl. c. 1769)
• Dona Vicente da Costa (fl. 1815)

Kings of Cotubaba ^[61]

• Dom António da Costa (fl. 1700)
• Dom Lelo Mali (fl. 1754) Son of Dom Antonio da Costa
• Dom Manuel da Costa fl. 1760) Son of Dom Antonio da Costa
• Dom José Tavares da Costa, Mau Buti, (fl. c. 1769) Brother of Dom Antonio da Costa
• Dom Francisco da Costa(fl. 1815) Brother of Dom Antonio da Costa and Dom Jose Tavares da Costa
• Dom José da Costa (Tasi Mali/Tesmali) fl. 1854) Son of Dom Jose Tavares da Costa
• Dom Alexandre da Costa Mendes, from house of Pasilara (Abandoned people, fled, and died in Fatukmetan in 1896) (fl. 1880–1896)
• Dom João Antonio Carvalho da Silva Tavares da Costa (Kapitaun Dasa Rae) (fl. 1896–1912) Son of Dom Jose Tavares da Costa

Kings of Cova ^[62]

• Dom Joaquim Ribeiro (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom Lourenço Ribeiro da Costa (fl. 1815–1817)
• Dom Feliciano Ribeiro da Costa (fl. 1832)
• Dona Anna Ribeiro da Costa (fl. 1854)
• Bruno (before 1870)
• Dona Maria Pires (fl. 1870–1871)
• Dona Ursula (1870–?)
• Dona Margarida Ribeiro Pires (1894–?)

Kings of Dailor ^[63]

• Dom Álvaro de Sousa (fl. 1726)
• Dom João da Fonseca Hornay (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom Julião da Conceição (fl. 1815)
• Dona Clara da Silva (fl. 1854)
• Dom António da Costa (fl. 1872–1874)
• Dom Cosme da Fonseca Soares (fl. 1873–1883)
• Dom Julião da Conceição (fl. 1884)
• Dom Felix (fl. 1942)

Kings of Deribate ^[64]

• Dallu Dau (fl. 1760)
• Dom Samuel (fl. 1761–1764)
• Lamak Mauk (fl. 1765)
• Dom Cristóvão Gracias (fl. c. 1769)
• Seromally (fl. 1815)
• Dom João Rodrigues Pinto (fl. 1854)
• Dom José (?-1896)
• Dom João (?-1896) [brother]
• Nai Bili (1896–1902) [cousin]
• Dom António (before 1912) [cousin of Dom João]
• Dom Duarte da Silva (of eastern Deribate c. 1912–1937) [nephew of Dom José]

Kings of Dote ^[65]

• Dom Tomás do Rosario (fl. c. 1769)
• Dona Catharina de Carceres (fl. 1815)
• Dom Domingos de Conceição (fl. 1854)
• Dom Domingos António Ribeiro (fl. 1874)
• Dom Simão da Costa (fl. 1885)

Kings of Ermera ^[66]

• Sama Lelo (fl. 1760)
• Miguel Mesquita (fl. 1761–1765)
• Salo Bexa (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom Mateus de Mesquita Hornay (c. 1784-?)
• Dam (fl. 1815)
• A king (?-1849)
• Dona Vasso Bere (1849-after 1854) [widow]
• Dom Mateus de Mesquita Hornay da Costa Baracho (fl. 1875–1882)
• Dom Manuel Luíz da Graça Mesquita (fl. 1885)
• Dom Francisco Martins (fl. 1895–1900)
• Joaquim Sanches king of Fatubessi (fl. 1912–1975)

Kings of Failacor ^[67]

• Dom Domingos da Costa (fl. 1815)
• Dom António da Costa Seabra (fl.1854– c. 1860)
• Dona Senhorinha Pimentel (fl. 1880–1884)

Kings of Fatuboro ^[68]

• Dom Pedro da Costa (fl. 1760-c. 1769)
• António Sang (fl. 1832)

Kings of Fatumean ^[69]

• Grinaldo Pereira (fl. c. 1769)
• Fahik (fl. 1895)
• Kiaren Taek (fl. 1928)
• Clara Assi (fl. 1942/45)

Kings of Faturó ^[70]

• Lebosy (fl. 1669)
• Dom Lourenço da Rocha (fl. 1703)
• Dom Sebastião (fl. 1726)
• Dom João Pereira (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom Balthazar da Rosa (fl. 1815)
• Cay-Liba (fl. 1854)
• Dom António da Costa Pereira (fl. 1877)

Kings of Funar ^[71]

• Dona Esperanca dos Santos Pinto (fl. 1815)
• Dona Aurelia Soares (fl. 1854)
• Dona Magdalena Soares (fl. 1881)
• Dom Gregorio Soares (fl. 1881) [husband, from Manatuto royal family]
• Dom João da Cruz (fl. 1905)
• Dato Jeremias Hahik Wain
• Dom José de Espírito Santo [son of Na'i Suan]
• Aníbal do Espírito Santo (fl. 1952) [son]

Kings of Hera ^[72]

• Bealu (fl. 1668)
• Donna Isabel Cardoso (fl. 1726)
• Dom Ventura da Costa (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom António Soares (fl. 1815)
• Dona Aurelia Soares (fl. 1854)
• Dona Francisca Soares (c. 1873–?)
• Dom Mathias Soares (fl. 1873–1886)
• Gaspar Henrique Cardoso Soares (before 1884–1900)
• Dom Gregorio Cardoso
• Gaspar Cardoso
• Santiago Arnaldo Silva Cardoso (late 20th century)
• Gaspar Tiago Arnaldo Cardoso Pereira (Son of Santiago)

Kings of Lacló ^[73]

• Ynalou (fl. 1668)
• Dom Paulo Carceres (fl. c. 1769)
• Dona Rosa de Carceres (fl. 1815)
• Dona Ingracia Doutel Carceres (fl. 1854)
• Dom Ventura (1858?-after 1861)
• Dom Boaventura dos Reis e Cunha (fl. 1861–1877)
• Dona Josepha Noronha Carceres (fl. 1879–1891)
• Dom Frederico dos Reis e Cunha (fl. 1879–1901)
• Dom Vicente dos Santos Carceres (fl. 1893–1896)
• Dom Luís dos Reis Noronha (before 1912–1935)

Kings of Laclubar ^[74]

• Dom Geraldo do Rosario (fl. 1854)
• Dona Binaek (fl. 1881–1883)
• Dom Gaspar Soares (fl. 1881–1883) [husband, from Manatuto royal family]
• Dom Geraldo Soares (fl. 1910)
• Dom Vidal Doutel Sarmento (fl. 1912–1930)
• João Soares (fl. 1930 – 1940)
• Dona Joana Amaral Sarmento Moniz da Silva (c. 1945)
• António Moniz da Silva (fl. 1952 – 1975)
• Luis Soares (King of Fatu-ikun, currently Bora / Manelima [fl. 1954 – 1975])

Kings of Lacluta ^[75]

• Dom Domingos Tavares (fl. 1702)
• Dom João da Fonseca (fl. 1726) [brother of Manuel Hornay of Claco]
• Manuel da Silva (fl. 1738)
• Dom João Soares (fl. c. 1769) [brother of the King of Vemasse]
• José de Carvalho (fl. 1789)
• Dom Vicente João Soares (fl. 1815)
• Dona Roza Rodrigues Tavares (fl. 1854)
• Dom Vicente Soares (fl. 1873)
• Dom Cosme de Fonseca Soares (fl. 1873–1883)
• Dom Casimiro de Carvalho (?-1942/45)

Kings of Lacore ^[76]

• Dom Carlos (fl. 1726)
• Dom António do Rosário (fl. c. 1769)
• Dona Anna do Rosário (fl. 1815)
• Dom António de Rosário Cabral (fl. 1854)
• Dom Carlos Cabral do Rosário (before 1880–1901)
• incorporated in Manatuto 1901
• Diogo Cabral (20th century)

Kings of Laga ^[77]

• Lewe Oso
• Ma Lewe [son]
• Bou Ma [son]
• Dom Gaspar Ximenes (Ono Bou) (fl. 1815–1863) [son]
• Dom Manuel (fl. 1881)
• Domingos da Gama Sousa (Rica Na’u) (fl. 1912) [stepson of Ono Bau]
• António de Sousa Gama
• João Gama de Costa Castro (?-1995) [son]
• António Castro (1995–)

Kings of Laleia ^[78]

• Dom Salvador (fl. 1726)
• Dom Domingos da Costa dos Remédios (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom André Salvador da Costa dos Remedios (fl. 1815)
• Dona Jozepha da Costa dos Remedios (fl. 1854)
• Dona Lucinda Dias Veira Godinho (fl. c. 1860)
• Dom Manuel Salvador da Costa dos Remédios (1871–1881)
• Dom Manuel Delgado Ximenes (1881–1887)
• Dom Braz Feliciano Ribeiro Pires (fl. 1884)
• Dom Feliciano Ribeiro Pires (1887-after 1895) [nephew of Dom Manuel Salvador da Costa dos Remédios]

Kings of Leimeia ^[79]

• Dom Caetano Pereira (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom Luíz Pereira (fl. 1815)
• Dom Caetano da Costa (fl. 1854)
• Dom Mateus da Costa (fl. 1874–1879)
• Dom Manuel da Costa (fl. 1879)

Kings of Liquiçá ^[80]

• Dom José Reis (Rodrigues) Pereira (fl. 1769)
• Dom António Rodrigues Pereira (fl. 1815)
• Dona Ursula da Costa (fl. 1818)
• Dom João da Costa Delgado (fl. 1854–64)
• Bakoli (?-c. 1870)
• Dona Gracia da Costa Rodrigues Pereira (fl. 1881–1883)
• Dom Aleixo Rodrigues Pereira (fl. 1881–1883 [son of Dom Antonio Rodrigues Pereira]
• Dona Engracia da Costa Delgado (fl. 1890–1892)
• Dom João da Costa Delgado (fl. 1879–1892)
• Dom Domingos Correia Alves (coronel-regent fl. 1893–1896)
• Dom Joaquim Rodrigues Pereira (fl. 1910) [son of Dom Aleixo Rodrigues Pereira]

Kings of Lolotoe ^[81]

• Dom Ventura da Costa (capitão-mor fl. 1726) [son of Dom Mateus da Costa of Viqueque]
• Beliço capitão (fl. 1732)
• Bei-Lima (fl. 1897)
• Luan-Bau (fl. 1942–1952)

Kings of Luca ^[82]

• Liurai Afoan Sila (before Portuguese times in Dili))
• Liurai Feto Na’i Lou Baria Sak (c. 1670)
• Liurai Na’i Lequi Sak
• Liurai Na’i Lulequik I
• Dom Sebastião Fernandes (fl. 1703)
• Dom António Aveiro do Amaral (tenente-coronel fl. 1726)
• Dom Sancho Manuel (fl. 1738)
• Dom Sebastião do Amaral (before c. 1769-c. 1782)
• Dom Tomás do Amaral (1782-after 1789) [nephew]
• Dona Anna do Amaral (fl. 1815)
• Dom Felix António do Amaral (fl. 1817)
• Dona Maria Amaral (1826–1850)
• Liurai Na’i Lulequik II (1850–1880)
• Dom João de Amaral (fl. 1854)
• Dom Luiz dos Reis e Cunha (fl. 1869–1876) [of Barique princely family]
• Dom José Amaral (1880–1885)
• Dona Rosa Amaral (c. 1881-c. 1896) [widow]
• Dom Clementino dos Reis Amaral (c. 1896–1914) [nephew of Dom José]
• Dom Tomás A. dos Reis Amaral (1914–1917) [son]
• Dom Lourenço Amaral (1917–1923) [brother of Dom Clementino]
• Dom Tomás A. dos Reis Amaral (1923–1926, second time)
• Dom Lourenço Amaral (1926–1933, second time)
• Dom Jeremias dos Reis Amaral (1933–1943) [nephew of Dom Tomás]
• Zeferino Amaral (1944–1959) (son of Dom Lourenço)
• Paulo Guterres (1959–1989) [son-in-law of Dom Tomás]
• Domingos Torrezão dos Reis Amaral (1979–1989) [son of Zeferino]
• Francisco A. T. A. Guterres (1989–) [son of Paulo Guterres]

Kings of Mahubo ^[83]

• Dom José Rodrigues Pereira (fl. 1815)
• Dom João Rodrigues Pereira (fl. 1854)
• Dom Grégorio (before 1863–1896)
• Dom Paulo (1896–1900)
• Saca-Bere (1900-before 1912)
• Dom António da Silva (?-1946)
• Belarmino de Jesus Soares (1946-after 1964) [nephew]

Monarchs of Malaka and Belu ^[84]

• Tei Seran Ulu Baete (of Malaka 1917–1924) [Liurai of Wehali]
• Josef Seran Fatin (of Malaka 1924–1930, of Belu 1930–1932) [father's cousin]
• Benediktus Laki (of Belu 1932–41, 1947–52, 1955–58) [son of Tahu Leki of Lakekun]
• Luis Sanaka Tei Seran (of Central Malaka 1955–2003) [son of Tei Seran Ulu Baete]

Kings of Manatuto ^[85]

• Malleas (Ama Leas) (fl. 1668–1677)
• Dom Domingos Soares (fl. 1703–1719)
• Dom António Soares (fl. 1720–1726)
• Dom José (?-1758)
• Dom Mateus Soares (fl. c. 1769–1815)
• Manuel Pereira da Costa (fl. 1849)
• Dona Aurelia Soares (fl. 1854)
• Mateus Vieira Godinho (fl. 1855–1856)
• Dom Luís Soares (fl. c. 1870–1879)
• Dona Rita (fl. 1879; died 1895)
• Dom Mateus Frederico dos Reis Soares (fl. 1880–1888)
• Dom António Guterres (fl. 1893)
• Dom João Soares (fl. 1896)
• Dom Joaquim Guterres (20th century)
• Dom José Guterres (20th century) [brother]

Kings of Manufahi ^[86]

• Dom Duarte da Costa Sotto Maior I (fl. 1720–1726)
• Dom Mateus Doutel da Costa (fl. 1815)
• Dona Maria de Mattos (fl. 1854)
• Dom Francisco da Costa Sotto Maior (c. 1874–?)
• Dom Duarte da Costa Sotto Maior II (before 1894–1901)
• Dom Boaventura da Costa Sotto Maior (Mau Loik) (1901–1912) [son]

Kings of Manumera ^[87]

• Dom João Monis de Matos (fl. 1854)
• Dom Luíz Xavier de Mesquita (fl. 1876)
• Dom António Marques de Matos (fl. 1879–1884)
• Dom Mathias de Mesquita (fl. 1891)
• José de Almeida Sá e Benevides (fl. 1952)

Kings of Maubara ^[88]

• Dom Francisco Xavier (fl. 1726)
• Dom José Xavier Doutel (before 1754–1776 )
• Dom Caleto Xavier Doutel I (1776–1794) [son]
• Nyong Mas (1794-?) [son]
• Dom Caleto II (before 1832–1859)
• Dom José (1859-after 1861)
• Dom Carlos (fl. 1861–1864)
• Dom Dotte (1872–?)
• Dona Maria Doutel (before 1877–1893)
• Dom José Calau (Nocolau) (fl. 1881–1887)
• Dom José Maubile (1893-after 1896)
• Dona Maria Isabel (1897–?)
• Dom José de Santos (before 1910-1927/28)
• Dom José Nunes (before 1942–1952)
• Gaspar Correia da Silva Nunes (fl. 1952–1975) [son]

Kings of Maucatar ^[89]

• Dom Miguel Texeira (?-c. 1735)
• Dom João da Costa de Sacramento (c. 1735-c. 1747) [brother]
• Dom António (c. 1747-?) [son]
• Tahik Asu Rakat (1834-after 1882)
• Vau Lelo (1900-after 1914)
• Assa Mau (?-1942/45)
• Mateus Barros (fl. 1942/45)
• Clementino Guterres (fl. 1952–1964)

Kings of Motael ^[90]

• Dom Gregorio Rodrigues Pereira I (fl. 1726–32, coronel)
• Dom Alexandre Rodrigues Pereira (fl. 1763–1769, tenente coronel)
• Dom Jose Rodrigues Pereira (fl. 1766, capitão-mor das provincias dos Belos)
• Dom Cosme Rodrigues Pereira (fl. 1789)
• Dom Gregorio Rodrigues Pereira II (before 1810–1820, brigadeiro general)
• Dom António da Costa Pereira (before 1832–1857)
• Dona Maria da Costa Mendes (1857–1864)
• Piatru (fl. 1869)
• Donna Engracia Rodrigues Pereira (fl. 1871–1874)
• Dom Manuel Delgado Ximenes (fl. 1879–1881)
• Dom Tomás Suriano Pereira (fl. 1879–1889, coronel)
• Dom João da Costa Pereira (fl. 1882–1891)
• Dom Lucas Barreto Martins (fl. 1885–1895)
• Dom Albino Morais
• Dom Manuel de Ataíde (c. 1900)
• Dom António Ataíde (?-1912) [son]

Kings of Nusadila ^[91]

• Dom Pedro (fl. 1761)
• Lay Loor (fl. 1760–1765)
• Sowokay (fl. 1832)
• Mau Buca (fl. 1952)
• Manuel (fl. 1964)

Topass officers and kings of Oecussi ^[92]

• António Hornay (1664–1666) [son of Jan de Hornay]
• Mateus da Costa (1666–1669, 1670–1672)
• António Hornay (1673–1693, second time)
• Francisco Hornay I (1693–1696) [brother of António Hornay]
• Domingos da Costa I (1697–1722) [son of Mateus da Costa)]
• Francisco Hornay II (1722–1730) [son of António Hornay]
• João Cave (1730–1731) [brother-in-law]
• Gaspar da Costa (1732–1749) [putative son of Domingos da Costa I]
• João Hornay (1749–1757) [grandson of Daniel de Cock]
• Francisco Hornay III (1757–1777) [son]
• Domingos da Costa II (1757-after 1772) [brother of Gaspar da Costa]
• Pedro Hornay (1777-c. 1795) [brother of Francisco Hornay III]
• José Hornay (c. 1795-after 1817) [son]
• Filippe Hornay (fl. 1838)
• Da Costa (1847?–1852)
• João Hornay Madeira (1852-after 1879)
• Domingos da Costa III (fl. 1888–1896)
• Dom Alexander Hornay dos Santos da Cruz (fl. 1894) [son of Luíz Hornay]
• Pedro da Costa (fl. 1898)
• Hugo da Costa (before 1910–1948) [son of Domingos da Costa III)
• João Hermengildo da Costa (1948–1990) [son of Hugo da Costa]
• José Hermengildo da Costa (1949–1999) [son of Hugo da Costa]

Kings of Ossoroa ^[93]

• Dom Francisco da Silva (fl. 1727)
• Olo Sak
• Laca Olo [son]
• Naha Laca [son]
• Lequi Nahak [son]
• Lai-Naha (fl. 1893)
• Dom António Da Silva [son of Lequi-Nahak]
• Dom Paulo da Costa Freitas e Silva (1926–1944) [1st son of Dom Antonio Da Silva]
• Paulo Freitas da Silva (1939–2011) [son of Dom Paulo Da Costa Freitas e Silva]

Kings of Ossu ^[94]

• Dom Pedro da Costa
• Urbano [son]
• Naha-Uru [son]
• Modo-Duu [son]
• Dom Pedro Olo-Duu [brother]
• Dom Francisco da Costa (Bosi-Leki) (c. 1900–1951) [nephew]
• Gaspar da Silva Guterres (1952–1975; died 1996) [grandson of Dom Pedro Olo-Duu]

Kings of Raimean ^[95]

• Dom Caetano da Costa (fl. 1732)
• Dom Lourenço da Costa (fl. c. 1769)
• Domingos de Faria (fl. 1815)
• Nae-Tolo (fl. 1912)
• Mali-Bido (fl. 1942)
• Alarico Fernandes Pereira (before 1952–1975) [son]

Kings of Samoro ^[96]

• Ussi Leki Tehek
• Ussi Leki Meta [son]
• Ussi Fahi Kerek
• Ussi Taru Tahuk
• Ussi Leki Uaik
• Ussi Kere Uaik
• Four monarchs
• Dom António Hornay (fl. 1703–1720)
• Dom Bernardo Doutel Sarmento (fl. 1726–1732) [purported son]
• Dom Henrique Hornay Samoro (fl. 1738) [son-in-law]
• Dom Simão (fl. 1761)
• Dom Bernardo Tavares Sarmento (fl. 1766-c.1769) [purported son of Dom Bernardo Sarmento]
• Dona Guimar de Amal (fl. 1815)
• Dom Joaquim Doutel (fl. 1851)
• Dom Bernardo Doutel Sarmento (fl. 1854–1879) [brother; purported son of Dom Bernardo Tavares Sarmento]
• Dom Victor Doutel Sarmento (1887–?) [son]
• Dom André Doutel Sarmento (fl. 1899) [son of Dom Bernardo Doutel Sarmento]
• Dom Vidal Doutel Sarmento (before 1912–1933) [son of Dom Victor Doutel Sarmento]
• Raimundo Doutel Sarmento (1933–1959) [grandson of Dom André Doutel Sarmento]
• Guilhermino Doutel Sarmento (1959–2000) [son of Dom Vidal Doutel Sarmento]

Kings of Saniri ^[97]

• Lelobese (fl. 1731)
• Dom António (fl. c. 1769)

Kings of Sarau ^[98]

• Dom Filipe (fl. 1700)
• Tabi Coro (fl. 1703)
• Dom Álvaro da Costa (fl. 1726)
• Dom Luís Doutel (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom Álvaro Doutel (fl. 1815)
• Dom Matheus (?-1851)
• Dom Álvaro da Costa Hornay (fl. 1854–1876)
• Dom Alberto Smith (fl. 1877)
• Dom Alexandre da Costa Hornay (fl. 1889)
• Eugenio da Silva (fl. 1997)

Kings of Souro, Lospalos ^[99]

• Dom Cipriano Monteiro da Costa "Ratu-Mimiraka" (before 1890–1953). [“He was a strong and determined king. In 1890, during a council meeting in Lautém, the Portuguese colonial government invited him to accept the King’s Scepter. He refused, stating that he was of noble descent since the time of his ancestors and had long been the king of Souro. He believed he did not need the scepter to be recognized as king, as accepting it would mean submitting to Portuguese rule. He therefore asked the Portuguese to give the scepter only to those who had never ruled as king.”].
• Prince of Royal Henrique da Costa "Souro No-lafai" (1920–1974)[eldest son of Dom Cipriano Monteiro da Costa][He was well known with his specialist in Public Administration]
• Dom Ventura da Costa (fl.1953–1985)[youngest son of Dom Cipriano Monteiro da Costa]
• Prince Afonso Henriques "Capulai" (1952–1987)[eldest son of Prince Henrique da Costa][He was well known as Politician and Foredoom Fighter for East Timor Independence]
• Dom Henrique Xavier (fl.1986–1996)[related family of Dom Cipriano Monteiro da Costa]
• Dom Frederico Henriques (before 1997–2000)[son of Prince Afonso Henriques/the great-grandson of King Cipriano Monteiro da Costa]

Kings of Suai ^[100]

• Baltazar Lopes (fl. 1726)
• Bartis Lopes (before 1753–1754)
• A son (1754-?)
• Dom Filipe de Faria (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom José Affonso Soberal (fl. 1815)
• Fo-Lelo (fl. 1897)
• Nai Came-Tete (fl. 1942)
• Calau Bere (fl. 1952)

Kings of Turiscai ^[101]

• Dom Manuel Caldeira (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom José Caldeira (fl. 1815)
• Dom Manuel Caldeira (fl. 1854)
• Dom Cosme (fl. 1900)
• Dom Luis F.S.S. Pereira (fl. 2017 – Grandson of Dom Manuel Caldeira)

Kings of Tutuluru ^[102]

• Dom Domingos da Costa (fl. 1703)
• Dom Vicente Rangel (fl. c. 1769–1815)
• Dom Carlos Rodrigues Pereira (fl. 1854)

Kings of Ulmera ^[103]

• Bermeta (fl. 1861)
• Bere Nua (1871–?)
• Dom Felix Barreto Pires (fl. 1886–1888)
• Carlos Correia Barreto Pires (before 1893–1895)

Kings of Vemasse (Ade) ^[104]

• Sili Saba (?-1668)
• Ama Gali (fl. 1668–1670) [brother]
• Ama Sike and Ama Kap (fl. 1677)
• Woka Mau (fl. 1700) [brother of Sili Saba]
• Dom Tomás de Trenos (fl. 1703–1720)
• Dom Cosme de Freitas (fl. 1726)
• Dom Tomás de Freitas (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom Duarte de Castro (fl. 1786)
• Dom Felipe de Freitas (?-c. 1807)
• Dona Simõa Maria dos Santos Pinto (fl. 1815)
• Dom Sebastião da Costa Freitas (fl. 1854)
• Dom Domingos de Freitas Soares (?-1859, 1862-c. 1867, before 1871–1878)
• Dom Manuel da Costa Freitas (1878–1879)
• Dom Domingos da Costa Freitas (Gali Kai) (fl. 1879–1888)
• Dom Francisco da Costa Freitas (fl. 1896) [son]
• Dom Tomás da Costa Soares (1899–1928) [son-in-law]
• Dom Domingos da Costa Freitas (1928-after 1964) [son of Francisco da Costa Freitas]
• Dom Cosme Francisco da Costa Freitas [son]

Kings of Venilale ^[105]

• Dom Cristóvão Guterres I (before 1808-c. 1815)
• Dona Catarina de Freitas (c. 1808–1812) [wife]
• Dona Úrsula Guterres I (fl. 1854)
• Dom Duarte Guterres (fl. 1874–1881)
• Dona Isabel de Freitas Guterres (1874-after 1888)
• Dona Maria Freitas Guterres (1891–1897)
• Dona Úrsula Guterres II (1897–?)
• Dom António Guterres (before 1912–1925)
• Dom Cristóvão Guterres II (1925–1992)

Kings of Vessoro ^[106]

• Simão da Costa Amaral (Mau-Doli) (before 1903–1910)
• Dom João da Costa (1910–?)
• Tomás dos Reis Amaral (1914–1917)
• Jeremias Fernandes (fl. 1964)

Kings of Viqueque ^[107]

• Dom Mateus da Costa (before 1702–1708)
• Dom Vasco dos Santos Pinto (before 1726–1729)
• Dom Dire dos Santos Pinto (fl. c. 1769)
• Dom António da Costa (fl. 1815)
• Dom Joaquim de Matos (fl. 1818)
• Dona Simõa da Costa Rangel (fl. 1854)
• Dom Matheus da Costa Rangel Pinto (fl. 1876–1893)
• Dom Paulo da Costa Soares (before 1934-1942/45; died 1965)
• Dom Miguel da Costa Soares (1942/45-1975)

List of Residents

Source: ^[108]

• Hendrick Hendricksz van Oldenburgh (on Solor), 1646-1648
• Hendrick ter Horst (on Solor), 1648–1654
• Jacob Verheyden (on Solor), 1654-1655
• Cornelis Ockersz (on Solor, acting), 1655
• Hendrick ter Horst (on Solor until 1657), 1655-1659
• Joseph Margits, 1659-1660
• Johan Truytman (commissioner), 1660
• Hugo Cuylenburgh, 1660-1665
• Anthony Hurt, 1665-1667
• Jacob Pietersz van den Kerper, 1667-1670
• Jacob Lidema (acting), 1670-1672
• Jacob van Wijckersloot, 1672-1680
• Joannes van den Broeck, 1681-1683
• Willem Tange (acting) 1683-1684
• Jan van Heden 1684-1684
• Willem Tange, 1684-1685
• Gerrit Hoofd, 1685-1686
• Willem Moerman, 1686-1687
• Arend Verhoeven 1687
• Willem Moerman, 1687-1698
• François van den Eynde, 1698
• Willem Moerman, 1698-1699
• Joan Focanus, 1699-1702
• Joannes van Alphen, 1702-1706
• Didloff Blad, 1706-1712
• Reynier Leers, 1712-1714
• Isaac Marmer, 1714
• Leendert Grim (acting), 1714-1715
• Willem van Putten, 1715-1717
• Barend van der Swaan, 1717-1721
• Hendrick Engelert, 1721-1725
• Balthazar de Moucheron, 1725-1728
• Steven Palm (acting), 1728-1729
• Anthony Hurt, 1729-1730
• Gerardus Bernardus Visscher, 1730-1736
• Aart Jansz Peper, 1736-1739
• Pieter Jacob Blok, 1739
• Aart Jansz Peper, 1739-1740
• Jan Dinnies, 1740-1740
• Christiaan Fredrik Brandenburg (acting), 1740-1741
• Anthony Cornelis van Oldenbarnevelt (Tulling), 1741-1742
• Christiaan Fredrik Brandenburg (acting), 1742-1744
• Jan Anthony Meulenbeek, 1744-1746
• Gilles Jacob Helmmuts (acting), 1746-1747
• Johannes Steenwegh (acting), 1747-1747/48
• Daniel van der Burgh, 1748-1754
• Elias Jacob Beynon, 1754-1758
• Johannes Andreas Paravicini (commissioner), 1756
• Hans Albrecht von Plüskow, 1758-1761
• Johan Willem Erland Daniel ter Herbruggen, 1762-1765
• Bartholomeus van Voorst, 1765-1766
• Willem Adriaan van Este (acting), 1766-1767
• Alexander Cornabé, 1767-1772
• Barend Willem Fokkens, 1772-1777
• Willem Adriaan van Este, 1777-1789
• Timotheus Wanjon, 1789-1797
• Carel Gratus Greving, 1797-1799
• George Simon Gotthelft Doser (commissioner), 1799-1800
• Hans Andries Lofsteth (commissioner), 1800-1802
• Johannes Giesler, 1802-1803
• Frans Philip Christiaan Kurtzen (acting), 1803-1804
• Pieter Bernardus van Kruijne, 1804-1807
• Frans Philip Christiaan Kurtzen (acting), 1807
• Pieter Stopkerb, 1807-1810
• Jacobus Arnoldus Hazaart, 1810-1812
• Cornelis Willem Knibbe (under British rule), 1812
• Watson (under British rule), 1812
• Joseph Burn (under British rule), 1812-1814
• Curtois (under British rule, acting), 1814
• Jacobus Arnoldus Hazaart (under British rule until 1816), 1814–18
• M. Haleweijn (acting), 1818-1819
• Jacobus Arnoldus Hazaart, 1819-1832
• Emanuel A. Francis (commissioner) 1831-32
• Johan Baptist Spanoghe, 1833-1835
• Carel Frederik Goldman, 1835-1836
• Diderik Johan van den Dungen Gronovius, 1836-1841
• Cornelis Sluyter, 1841-1844
• Siegfried George Friedrich Fraenkel, 1844-1845
• Cornelis Sluyter, 1845-1848
• Dirk Wouter Jacob Carel, Baron van Lynden, 1849-1852
• Frederik Marie Gerard van Cattenburch (acting), 1852
• Jhr. Theodoor van Capellen, 1852-1856
• Siegfried George Friedrich Fraenkel, 1856-1858
• Johannes Grudelbach, 1858-1859
• Willem Leendert Hendrik Brocx, 1859-1861
• Isaac Esser (acting), 1861-1863
• Roelof Wijnen, 1863-1864
• Jan George Coorengel, 1864-1869
• Johan Arnoud Caspersz, 1869-1872
• Jan Karel de Wit, 1872-1873
• Hendrik Carel Humme, 1873-1875
• Charles Matthieu George Arinus Marinus Ecoma Verstege, 1875-1878
• Johann Gerard Friedrich Riedel, 1878-1880
• Willem Fredrik Sikman, 1880-1881
• Salomon Roos, 1882-1884
• Wouter Greve, 1884-1888
• Guillaume Gérard de Villeneuve, 1888-1890
• Willem Cornelis Hoogkamer, 1890-1893
• Cornelis Marius Eduard Merens, 1893-1895
• Joachimus Lambertus Julius Alphonsus Ruijssenaers, 1895
• J. van Wijck, 1896-1898
• Fokko Fokkens (acting), 1898-1899
• Johannes Vijzelaar, 1899-1902
• Frits Anton Heckler, 1902-1905
• Johannes Frederikus Antonius de Rooy, 1906-1908
• Eugene François Jean Loriaux, 1908-1911
• Cornelis Hendrik van Rieschoten, 1911-1913
• Ernst Gustav Theodoor Maier, 1913-1917
• K. A. James, 1917-1918
• Anthony Hendrik Spaan, 1918-1921
• August Jules Louis Couvreur, 1921-1924
• C. Schultz 1924-1927
• Paulus Franciscus Josephus Karthaus, 1927-1931
• Eugene Henri de Nijs Bik, 1931-1934
• Johan Jacob Bosch, 1934-1938
• Fokko Jan Nieboer, 1938-1942
• Cornelis Woutherus Schüller, 1945-1948
• A. Verhoef, 1948-1949

List

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

Portuguese Timor (Timor Português)
No.	Portrait	Incumbent	Tenure		Notes	Head(s) of state (Reign / Term)
			From	Until
Portuguese suzerainty
Subordinated to Portuguese India
1		António de São Jacinto Captain	1647	1649	In Cupão	John IV João IV House of Braganza (1647 – 6 November 1656)
2		Francisco Carneiro Captain	1649	1652	In Cupão
3		... Captain	1652	1662
						Alphonso VI Afonso VI House of Braganza (6 November 1656 – 12 September 1683)
4		Simão Luís Captain	1662	1664
5		Simão Luís Captain-Major	1665	1666
6		António Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim	1666	1669	1st time
7		Fernão Martins da Ponte Captain-Major Ad Interim	1669	1670
8		Mateus da Costa Captain-Major Ad Interim	1671	1673
9		António Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim	1673	1680	2nd time
10		João Antunes Portugal Captain-Major	1680	1680	Sent by the Kingdom of Portugal but refused by settlers
11		António Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim	1680	1693	3rd time
						Peter II Pedro II House of Braganza (6 November 1683 – 9 December 1706)
12		Francisco Hornay Captain-Major Ad Interim	1694	1696
13		António de Mesquita Pimentel Captain-Major	1696	1697
14		André Coelho Vieira Captain-Major	1697	1697
15		Domingos da Costa Captain-Major Ad Interim	1697	1702
16		António Coelho Guerreiro Governor	20 February 1702	1705
17		Lourenço Lopes Governor	1705	1706
18		Manuel Ferreira de Almeida Governor	1706	1708	1st time	John V João V House of Braganza (9 December 1706 – 31 July 1750)
19		Jácome de Morais Sarmento Governor	1708	1709
20		Manuel de Souto-Maior Governor	1709	1714
21		Manuel Ferreira de Almeida Governor	1714	1714	2nd time
22		Domingos da Costa Governor	1714	1718
23		Francisco de Melo e Castro Governor	1718	1719
24		Manuel de Santo António Governor	1719	1722
25		António de Albuquerque Coelho Governor	1722	1725
26		António Moniz de Macedo Governor	1725	1729	1st time
27		Pedro de Melo Governor	1729	1731
28		Pedro do Rego Barreto da Gama e Castro Governor	1731	1734
29		António Moniz de Macedo Governor	1734	1739	2nd time
30		... Governor Ad Interim	1739	1741
31		Manuel Leonís de Castro Governor	1741	1745
32		Francisco Xavier Moraes Doutel Governor	1745	1748
33		Manuel Correia de Lacerda Governor	1748	1751
						Joseph I José I House of Braganza (31 July 1750 – 24 February 1777)
34		Manuel Doutel de Figueiredo Sarmento Governor	1751	1759
35		Sebastião de Azevedo e Brito Governor	1759	1760
36		... Governor Ad Interim	1760	1763
37		Dionísio Gonçalves Rebelo Galvão Governor	1763	1765
38		... Governor Ad Interim	1765	1768
39		António José Teles de Meneses Governor	1768	1776
40		Caetano de Lemos Telo de Meneses Governor	1776	1779
						Mary I Maria I House of Braganza (24 February 1777 – 20 March 1816) & Peter III Pedro III House of Braganza (24 February 1777 – 25 May 1786)
41		Lourenço de Brito Correia Governor	1779	1782
42		João Anselmo de Almeida Soares Governor	1782	1785
43		João Baptista Vieira Godinho Governor	1785	1788
44		Feliciano António Nogueira Lisboa Governor	1788	1790
45		Joaquim Xavier de Morias Sarmento Governor	1790	1794
46		João Baptista Verquaim Governor	1794	1800
47		José Joaquim de Sousa Governor	1800	1804
48		João Vicente Soares da Veiga Governor	1804	1807
49		António de Mendonça Côrte-Real Governor	1807	1810
50		António Botelho Homem Bernardes Pessõa Governor	1810	1810
51		Joaquim António Duarte da Silva Veloso Governor	1810	1812
52		Vitorino Freire da Cunha Gusmão Governor	1812	1815
53		José Pinto Alcoforado de Azevedo e Sousa Governor	1815	1819
						John VI João VI House of Braganza (20 March 1816 – 10 March 1826)
54		Gregório Rodrigues Pereira Governor	1819	1821
55		Manuel Joaquim de Matos e Góis Governor	1821	1832
						Peter IV Pedro IV House of Braganza (10 March 1826 – 2 May 1826)
						Mary II Maria II House of Braganza (2 May 1826 – 23 June 1828)
						Michael I Miguel I House of Braganza (26 February 1828 – 6 May 1834)
56		Miguel da Silveira Lorena Governor	1832	1832
57		Miguel Carlos da Cunha da Silveira e Lorena Governor	1832	1834
58		José Maria Marques Governor	1834	1839		Mary II Maria II House of Braganza (26 May 1834 – 15 November 1853) & Ferdinand II Fernando II House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry (16 September 1837 – 15 November 1853)
59		Frederico Leão Cabreira de Brito Alvelos Drago Valente Governor	1839	1844
Subordinated to Portuguese Macau
60		Julião José da Silva Vieiras Governor	1844	1848
61		António Olavo Monteiro Torres Governor	1848	30 October 1850
Separate colony
62		António Olavo Monteiro Torres Governor	30 October 1850	1851
63		José Joaquim Lopes de Lima Governor	23 June 1851	15 September 1851
Subordinated to Portuguese Macau
64		José Joaquim Lopes de Lima Governor	15 September 1851	8 September 1852	Died in office
65		Manuel de Saldanha da Gama Governor	1852	1856
						Peter V Pedro V House of Braganza (15 November 1853 – 11 November 1861)
Subordinated to Portuguese India
66		Luís Augusto de Almeida Macedo Governor	1856	1859
67		Afonso de Castro  [ de ] Governor	1859	1863
						Louis I Luís I House of Braganza (11 November 1861 – 19 October 1889)
Separate overseas province
68		José Manuel Pereira de Almeida Governor	1863	1864
69		José Eduardo da Costa Meneses Governor	1864	1866
Subordinated to Portuguese Macau
70		Francisco Teixeira da Silva Governor	1866	1869
		António Joaquim Garcia Governor
71		Pedro Carlos de Aguiar Craveiro Lopes Governor	1870	1870	Did not take office
72		João Clímaco de Carvalho Governor	1870	1871
		Manuel de Castro Sampaio Governor
73		Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo Branco Governor	1873	1876	1st time
74		Joaquim António da Silva Ferrão Governor	1876	1878
		José Alves da Costa Governor
75		Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo Branco Governor	1878	1880	2nd time
76		Augusto César Cardoso de Carvalho Governor	1880	1881
		José dos Santos Vaquinhas Governor
77		Bento da França Pinto de Oliveira Governor	1882	1883
		Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa Governor			1st time
		Francisco de Paula da Lua Governor
78		João Maria Pereira Governor	1883	1885
		Cipriano Forjaz Governor			1st time
79		Alfredo de Lacerda Maia Governor	1885	3 March 1887
80		António Joaquim Garcia Governor	1887	1887
81		António Francisco da Costa Governor	1887	1888
82		Rafael Jácome Lopes de Andrade Governor	1888	1889
83		Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa Governor	1889	1890	2nd time	Charles I Carlos House of Braganza (19 October 1889 – 1 February 1908)
84		Cipriano Forjaz Governor	1890	1894	2nd time
85		Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa Governor	1894	1894	3rd time
86		José Celestino da Silva Governor	1894	15 October 1896
Separate colony
87		José Celestino da Silva Governor	15 October 1896	1908
88		Jaime Augusto Vieira da Rocha Governor Ad Interim	1908	1908
						Emmanuel II Manuel II House of Braganza (1 February 1908 – 5 October 1910)
89		Eduardo Augusto Marquês Governor	1908	1909
90		Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro Governor	1909	1910	1st time
91		Alfredo Cardoso de Soveral Martins Governor	1910	30 October 1910
						Teófilo Braga Provisional President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1910 – 24 August 1911)
92		Anselmo Augusto Coelho de Carvalho Governor Ad Interim	1910	1910
93		José Carrazeda Caldas Viana e Andrade Governor Ad Interim	1910	1910
94		Filomeno da Câmara Melo Cabral Governor	1911	1913	1st time; served during the East Timorese rebellion of 1911–12
						Manuel de Arriaga President of the First Portuguese Republic (24 August 1911 – 26 May 1915)
95		Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro Governor Ad Interim	1913	1914	2nd time
96		Filomeno da Cámara Melo Cabral Governor	1914	1917	2nd time
						Teófilo Braga President of the First Portuguese Republic (29 May 1915 – 5 October 1915)
						Bernardino Machado President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1915 – 5 December 1917)
97		César de Abreu Governor Ad Interim	1917	1917
		José Machado Duarte Júnior Governor Ad Interim
98		Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco Governor Ad Interim	1917	1919	1st time
						Sidónio Pais President of the First Portuguese Republic (28 April 1918 – 14 December 1918)
						João do Canto e Castro President of the First Portuguese Republic (16 December 1918 – 5 October 1919)
99		Manuel Paulo de Sousa Gentil Governor	1919	1920
						António José de Almeida President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1919 – 5 October 1923)
100		Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco Governor Ad Interim	1920	1921	2nd time
101		José de Paiva Gomes Governor	1921	1921	1st time
102		Humberto dos Santos Leitão Governor Ad Interim	1921	1921	1st time
103		José de Paiva Gomes Governor	1921	1923	2nd time
						Manuel Teixeira Gomes President of the First Portuguese Republic (5 October 1923 – 11 December 1925)
104		Humberto dos Santos Leitão Governor Ad Interim	1923	1924	2nd time
105		Raimundo Enes Meira Governor	1924	1926
						Bernardino Machado President of the First Portuguese Republic (11 December 1925 – 31 May 1926)
106		Teófilo Duarte Governor	1926	1929
						José Mendes Cabeçadas President of the Second Portuguese Republic (31 May 1926 – 17 June 1926)
						Manuel Gomes da Costa President of the Second Portuguese Republic (29 June 1926 – 9 July 1926)
						Óscar Carmona President of the Second Portuguese Republic (29 November 1926 – 18 April 1951)
107		Cesário Augusto de Almeida Viana Governor	1929	1930
108		Abel Teixeira da Costa Tavares Governor Ad Interim	1930	1930
109		Antonio Baptista Justo Governor	1930	1933
110		José Luís Fontoura de Sequeira Governor Ad Interim	1933	1933
111		Raúl de Antas Manso Preto Mendes Cruz Governor	1933	1936
112		Eduardo Bernardo Lápido Loureiro Governor Ad Interim	1936	1936
113		Álvaro Eugénio Neves da Fontoura Governor	1937	1940
114		António Jacinto Magro Governor Ad Interim	1940	1940
115		Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho  [ pt ] Governor	1940	8 December 1945	Considered himself a prisoner during allied rule from December 1941 until February 1942; confined by Japanese from February 1942 until August 1945
Allied occupation of Portuguese Timor
116		William Leggatt Commander of Australian forces	17 December 1941	20 February 1942		George VI House of Windsor (11 December 1936 – 6 February 1952)
		Nico Leonard Willem van Straten  [ nl ] Commander of Dutch forces	17 December 1941	20 February 1942		Wilhelmina House of Orange-Nassau (23 November 1890 – 4 September 1948)
Japanese occupation of Portuguese Timor
117		Takeo Itō Commander	20 February 1942	20 February 1942	Commanding officer of Japanese landing forces	Emperor Shōwa 昭和天皇 (1926 – 1989)
118		Sadashichi Doi Commander	20 February 1942	August 1942
119		Yuitsu Tsuchihashi Commander	August 1942	22 November 1944
120		Kunitaro Yamada Commander	22 November 1944	11 September 1945
Portuguese Timor
121		Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho  [ pt ] Governor	1940	8 December 1945	Considered himself a prisoner during allied rule from December 1941 until February 1942; confined by Japanese from February 1942 until August 1945	Óscar Carmona President of the Second Portuguese Republic (29 November 1926 – 18 April 1951)
122		Óscar Freire de Vasconcelos Ruas  [ pt ] Governor	1946	1950
123		César Maria de Serpa Rosa Governor	1950	11 June 1950
Overseas province
		César Maria de Serpa Rosa Governor	11 June 1950	1958
124						António de Oliveira Salazar Acting President of the Second Portuguese Republic (18 April 1951 – 21 July 1951)
						Francisco Craveiro Lopes President of the Second Portuguese Republic (21 July 1951 – 9 August 1958)
125		Filipe José Freire Temudo Barata Governor	1959	1963		Américo Tomás President of the Second Portuguese Republic (9 August 1958 – 25 April 1974)
126		José Alberty Correia Governor	1963	1968
127		José Nogueira Valente Pires Governor	1968	1972
		Fernando Alves Adeía Governor	1972	1974
128
						National Salvation Junta (25 April 1974 – 15 May 1974)
						António de Spínola President of the Third Portuguese Republic (15 May 1974 – 30 September 1974)
						Francisco da Costa Gomes President of the Third Portuguese Republic (30 September 1974 – 13 July 1976)
129		Mário Lemos Pires Governor	18 November 1974	27 November 1975	From 11 August 1975, on Atauro Island
Unilateral Declaration of Independence as Democratic Republic of East Timor
Invaded and occupied by Indonesia (from 17 July 1976, annexed as East Timor province). Not recognized by Portugal; remained recognized by United Nations as Portuguese territory.
130		Arnaldo dos Reis Araújo  [ id ] Governor	3 August 1976	19 September 1978		Suharto President of Indonesia (27 March 1968 – 21 May 1998) B. J. Habibie President of Indonesia (21 May 1998 – 20 October 1999)
131		Guilherme Maria Gonçalves  [ id ] Governor	19 September 1978	18 September 1982
132		Mário Viegas Carrascalão Governor	18 September 1982	18 September 1992
133		José Abílio Osório Soares Governor	18 September 1992	19 October 1999
Referendum votes for independence 78%
International Administration (from 28 February 2000, under UN Administration; United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor [UNTAET]).
134		Sérgio Vieira de Mello Transitional Administrator	25 October 1999	19 May 2002		Kofi Annan Secretary-General of the United Nations (1 January 1997 – 31 December 2006)
Independence as Democratic Republic of East Timor

For continuation after independence, see: President of East Timor

List of Presidents of East Timor

Key

Political parties

Other factions

Symbols

• ^X Assassinated

Presidents of the Democratic Republic of East Timor

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office		Political Party
East Timor (province)
1		Francisco Xavier do Amaral (1939–2012)	—	28 November 1975	7 December 1975	FRETILIN
2		Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (1946–1978)	—	7 December 1975	31 December 1978	FRETILIN
3		António Duarte Carvarino		31 December 1978	31 December 1978	Independent
4		Arnaldo dos Reis Araújo ( 1913 —1988)	—	31 December 1978	17 July 1979	Independent
5		Guilhere Maria Gonçalves ( 1919 —1999)	—	1979	1982	Independent
6		Mario Viegas Carrascalão ( 1937 —2017)	—	18 September 1982	June 1992	Independent
7		Abílio Osório Soares ( 1947 — 2007)	—	June 1992	2 October 1999	Independent
United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor
8		Ian Martin (1940–)	—	1999	1999	Independent
9		Sérgio Vieira de Mello ( 1948 — 2003)	—	2 October 1999	20 May 2002	Independent
10		Mari Alkatiri (1949–)	—	20 May 2002	20 May 2002	Independent
Democratic Republic of East Timor
11		Xanana Gusmão (1944–)	2002	20 May 2002	20 May 2007	Independent
12		José Ramos-Horta (1949–) [109]	2007	20 May 2007	20 May 2012	Independent
13		Vicente Guterres (1956–)	—	11 February 2008	13 February 2008	CNRT
14		Fernando de Araújo (1962–2015)	—	13 February 2008	17 April 2008	PD
15		José Ramos-Horta (1949–)	2008	17 April 2008	20 May 2012	Independent
16		Taur Matan Ruak (1956–)	2012	20 May 2012	20 May 2017	Independent
—		Adérito Hugo da Costa		20 May 2017	20 May 2017
17		Francisco Guterres (1954–)	2017	20 May 2017	20 May 2023	FRETILIN
—		Aniceto Guterres Lopes		2018	2018
—		Arão Noé da Costa Amaral		2020	2020
18		José Ramos-Horta	2023	20 May 2023	22 June 2023
—		Maria Fernanda Lay		22 June 2023	22 June 2023
19		José Ramos-Horta		22 June 2023	Incumbent

First ladies of Timor-Leste

First ladies of East Timor during the War for Independence

Portrait	Name	Term Began	Term Ended	President	Notes
	Lucia Osorio Soares	November 28, 1975	December 7, 1975	Francisco Xavier do Amaral	Lucia Osorio Soares married Francisco Xavier do Amaral in 1974, a year before East Timor's short-lived proclamation of independence. However, the couple separated shortly after their marriage. Francisco Xavier do Amaral never remarried. [110] [111]
	Position vacant	December 7, 1975	December 31, 1978	Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (Acting president in exile)	Lobato's wife, Isabel Barreto Lobato, was executed by Indonesian forces in Dili on December 8, 1975, one day after the Indonesian invasion of East Timor. [112] [113]

First ladies of Timor-Leste following the restoration of independence

Portrait	Name	Term Began	Term Ended	President	Notes
	Kirsty Sword Gusmão	May 20, 2002	May 20, 2007	Xanana Gusmão	Xanana Gusmão met Kirsty Sword, an Australian-born a teacher and human rights activist, in 1994 while he was serving a 20-year sentence as a political prison during the Indonesian occupation. The couple married in 2000, shortly after his release from prison. [114] Upon regaining independence in 2002, Sword become the first post-independence First Lady of East Timor. [114] Sword Gusmão focused on education during her tenure. In March 2015, Sword and Gusmão announced their separation. [114]
	Position vacant	May 20, 2007	February 11, 2008	José Ramos-Horta	José Ramos-Horta and his former wife, Ana Pessoa Pinto, had divorced prior to his victory in the 2007 East Timorese presidential election. [115] President Ramos-Horta was shot and seriously wounded in an assassination attempt on February 11, 2008. While her remained president, two interim presidents served in office from February 11, 2008, until April 17, 2008. Their wives held the positions of interim first lady during that time.
	Maria Goretti Guterres Marques	February 11, 2008	February 13, 2008	Vicente Guterres	[116]
	Joy Aquino Siapno	February 13, 2008	April 17, 2008	Fernando de Araújo	Jacqueline "Joy" Aquino Siapno, a political economist and analyst, served as interim First Lady during 2008. [117] Aquino Siapno, who is originally from the city of Dagupan in the Philippines, is the country's only first lady of Filipina origin. [117] [118] She authored several books on the culture, history and politics of East Timor, Aceh, Indonesia, the Philippines and other regions of Southeast Asia.
	Position vacant	April 17, 2008	May 20, 2012	José Ramos-Horta	José Ramos-Horta returned to office full-time following an assassination attempt in March 2008. He and his former wife, Ana Pessoa Pinto, had divorced before he became president. [115]
	Isabel da Costa Ferreira	May 20, 2012	May 20, 2017	Taur Matan Ruak	[119]
	Cidália Lopes Nobre Mouzinho Guterres	May 20, 2017	May 20, 2022	Francisco Guterres
	Position vacant	May 20, 2022	Present	José Ramos-Horta	José Ramos-Horta was reelected to office in the 2022 East Timorese presidential election. He and his former wife, Ana Pessoa Pinto, had divorced before he became president. [115]

List of presidents of the National Parliament

#	Portrait	Name	Took office	End office	Party	Notes
1		Francisco Guterres	20 May 2002	31 July 2007	Fretilin
2		Fernando de Araújo	8 August 2007	30 July 2012	Democratic Party
3		Vicente Guterres	30 July 2012	2016	CNRT	[120]
4		Adérito Hugo da Costa	2016	2017	CNRT	[120]
5		Aniceto Guterres Lopes	5 September 2017	2018	Fretilin	[120]
6		Arão Noé da Costa Amaral	5 April 2018	2020	CNRT
(5)		Aniceto Guterres Lopes	19 May 2020	22 June 2023	Fretilin	[121]
7		Maria Fernanda Lay	22 June 2023	Incumbent	CNRT

List of prime ministers of East Timor

Political parties

   Fretilin

   National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT)

   People's Liberation Party (PLP)

Other factions

   Independent

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term of office		Political party
				Took office	Left office
1		Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (1946–1978)	—	28 November 1975	7 December 1975	Fretilin
2		António Duarte Carvarino	—	October 1977	February 1979	Fretilin
3		Mari Alkatiri (born 1949)	2001	20 September 2001	20 May 2002	Fretilin
4		Mari Alkatiri (born 1949)	2001	20 May 2002	26 June 2006	Fretilin
5		José Ramos-Horta (born 1949)	—	26 June 2006	19 May 2007	Independent
6		Estanislau da Silva (born 1952)		19 May 2007	8 August 2007	Fretilin
7		Xanana Gusmão (born 1946)	2007 2012	8 August 2007	16 February 2015	CNRT
8		Rui Maria de Araújo (born 1964)	—	16 February 2015	15 September 2017	Fretilin
9		Mari Alkatiri (born 1949)	2017	15 September 2017	22 June 2018	Fretilin
10		Taur Matan Ruak (born 1956)	2018	22 June 2018	1 July 2023	PLP
11		Armanda Berta dos Santos (born 1974)		29 May 2020	1 July 2023	KHUNTO
12		José Maria dos Reis (born 1956)	—	24 June 2020	1 July 2023	Fretilin
13		Francisco Kalbuadi Lay (born 1954)	2023	1 July 2023	Incumbent	CNRT
14		Mariano Assanami Lopes (born 1975)		1 July 2023	Incumbent	PD
15		Xanana Gusmão (born 1946)		1 July 2023	Incumbent	CNRT

See also

• History of Timor-Leste
• History of Timor
• Timeline of East Timorese history
• List of years in Timor-Leste
• List of colonial Residents of Dutch Timor
• List of colonial governors of Portuguese Timor

References

1. Hägerdal, Hans (2007). "Rebellions or factionalism? Timorese forms of resistance in an early colonial context, 1650–1769". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 163 (1): 8. ISSN   0006-2294. JSTOR   27868341.
2. Hägerdal (2012) p. 418; Van Dijk (1925) p. 528; Widiyatmika (2010) p. 186; Middelkoop (1952); Taniputera (2013) p. 1366-8, 1619–20.
3. Hägerdal (2012); Van Dijk (1925) p. 539; Truhart (2003) p. 1326; Taniputera (2013) p. 1416-8, 1625–6.
4. Banu Naek (2007); Truhart (2003) p. 1325; Taniputera (2013) p. 1368-78, 1620.
5. Nope (2018), p. 164; Hägerdal (2012) p. 420; Wadu et al. (2003) p. 86-106; Truhart (2003) p. 1324; Taniputera (2013) p. 1379-88, 1621–2.
6. Middelkoop (1939); Hägerdal (2012) p. 419-20; Van Dijk (1925) p. 529; Truhart (2003) p. 1324-5; Taniputera (2013) p. 1389-95, 1622; Nope (2018), p. 165.
7. Hägerdal (2012) p. 418; Van Dijk (1925) p. 529; Truhart (2003) p. 1325-6; Taniputera (2013) p. 1395-6, 1622–3.
8. Hägerdal (2012) p. 419; Van Dijk (1925) p. 529; Taniputera (2013) p. 1622-3.
9. Van Dijk (1925) p. 530.
10. Van Dijk (1925) p. 530; Truhart (2003) p. 1325; Taniputera (2013) p. 1399-1401, 1623.
11. Van Dijk (1925) p. 532.
12. Van Dijk (1925) p. 532-3; Widiyatmika (2010); Truhart (2003) p. 1326; Taniputera (2013) p. 1401-2.
13. Van Dijk (1925) p. 533; Truhart (2003) p. 1323; Vroklage (1953); Taniputera (2013) p. 1402-3, 1624.
14. Middelkoop (1952); Van Dijk (1925) p. 533; Widiyatmika (2010) p. 185; Truhart (2003) p. 1326; Taniputera (2013) p. 1403-4, 1624.
15. Truhart (2003) p. 1327; Schulte Nordholt (1971) p. 212-5; Taniputera (2013) p. 1406-11, 1624–5.
16. Truhart (2003) p. 1327; Taniputera /2013) p. 1412.
17. Hägerdal (2012) p. 417; Truhart (2003) p. 1322; Van Dijk (1925) p. 534-5; Detaq (1972) p. 39-40; Taniputera (2013) p. 1404-6.
18. Truhart (2003) p. 1322; Taniputera (2013) p. 1413, 1625.
19. "Royal House of Kupang".
20. Truhart (2003) p. 1326; Van Dijk (1925) p. 535; Taniputera (2013) p. 1414, 1625.
21. Van Dijk (1925) p. 535; Castro (1867) p. 223; Tifa & Itta (2007) p. 21-6, 168–72.
22. Van Dijk (1925) p. 537.
23. Matos (1974) p. 153.
24. Matos (1974) p. 154.
25. Vroklage (1953).
26. Hägerdal (2013) p. 333; Taniputera (2013) p. 1415-6.
27. Van Dijk (1925) p. 538; Hägerdal (2012), p. 330.
28. Van Dijk (1925) p. 539; Wadu et al. (2003) p. 67-85; Taniputera (2013) p. 1418-9, 1626.
29. Van Dijk (1925) p. 539; Taniputera (2013) p. 1420.
30. Tey Seran et al. (2006); Belo (2011) p. 258.
31. Soares (2003).
32. Van Dijk (1925) p. 620.
33. Hägerdal (2012) p. 101, 419; Widiyatmika (2010); Wadu et al. (2003) p. 19-66; Truhart (2003) p. 1322; Taniputera (2013 p. 1361-5; .
34. Hägerdal (2012) p. 417-8; Widiyatmika (2010) p. 189-90; Truhart (2003) p. 1323; Taniputera (2013) p. 1421-2, 1626.
35. Middelkoop (1952); Hägerdal (2012) p. 419; Truhart (2003) p. 1323; Widiyatmika (2010) p. 187.
36. Truhart (2003) p. 1326; Van Dijk (1925) p. 621; Taniputera (2013) p. 1623.
37. Leitão (1952) p. 44.
38. Vroklage (1953); Widiyatmika (2007) p. 51; Taniputera (2013) p. 1356-61.
39. Niner, Sara, ed. (2016-08-05). Women and the Politics of Gender in Post-Conflict Timor-Leste: Between Heaven and Earth. Routledge. pp. 24–25, 27–28, 41. ISBN   978-1-317-32789-9.
40. Hägerdal, Hans (2012-01-01). Lords of the Land, Lords of the Sea: Conflict and Adaptation in Early Colonial Timor, 1600–1800. BRILL. p. 420. ISBN   978-90-04-25350-6.
41. Van Dijk (1925) p. 623; Vroklage (1953).
42. Belo (2011) p. 77.
43. Belo (2011) p. 79-83.
44. Belo (2011) p. 83-6.
45. Hägerdal (2012) p. 420; Belo (2011) p. 183-5.
46. Belo (2011) p. 88-9.
47. Belo (2011) p. 90-1.
48. Belo (2011) p. 93-4.
49. Belo (2011) p. 97-9.
50. Belo (2011) p. 101-7.
51. Belo (2011) p. 99-101.
52. Belo (2011) p. 226-8.
53. Belo (2011) p. 242-4.
54. Belo (2011) p. 122-5.
55. Belo (2011) p. 108-9.
56. Belo (2011) p. 111-2.
57. Belo (2011) p. 198-9.
58. Belo (2011) p. 149-50.
59. Belo (2011) p. 210-1
60. Belo (2011) p. 125-6.
61. Belo (2011) p. 87-8.
62. Belo (2011) p. 94-6.
63. Belo (2011) p. 77-9.
64. Belo (2011) p. 128-31.
65. Belo (2011) p. 86.
66. Belo (2011) p. 118-20.
67. Belo (2011) p. 213-4.
68. Belo (2011) p. 170.
69. Belo (2011) p. 127.
70. Belo (2011) p. 153.
71. Belo (2011) p. 139-40.
72. Belo (2011) p. 117-8.
73. Belo (2011) p. 134-6.
74. Belo (2011) p. 138-9.
75. Belo (2011) p. 140-2.
76. Belo (2011) p. 136-8.
77. Belo (2011) p. 142-3.
78. Belo (2011) p. 145-9.
79. Belo (2011) p. 131-2.
80. Belo (2011) p. 156-7.
81. Belo (2011) p. 158-60.
82. Soares (2003); Belo (2011) p. 234-42.
83. Belo (2011) p. 132-3.
84. Francillon (1980); Taniputera (2013) p. 1396-9, 1416, 1623.
85. Belo (2011) p. 163-6.
86. Belo (2011) p. 200-4.
87. Belo (2011) p. 199.
88. Belo (2011) p. 167-70; Hägerdal (2012) p. 422.
89. Belo (2011) p. 172.
90. Belo (2011) p. 112-7.
91. Belo (2011) p. 170-1.
92. Tey Seran et al. (2006); Belo (2011) p. 173-83; Hägerdal (2012) p. 145.
93. Belo (2011) p. 186.
94. Belo (2011) p. 187-90.
95. Belo (2011) p. 245-6.
96. Belo (2011) p. 206-9; Soares (2003).
97. Matos (1974) p. 158; Belo (2011) p. 96.
98. Belo (2011) p. 150-2.
99. (2023)
100. Belo (2011) p. 209-10.
101. Belo (2011) p. 212.
102. Belo (2011) p. 205.
103. Belo (2011) p. 108.
104. Belo (2011) p. 215-21; Hägerdal (2012) p. 421.
105. Belo (2011) p. 221-8.
106. Belo (2011) p. 245.
107. Belo (2011) p. 228-34; Hägerdal (2012) p. 421.
108. Early Residents (Opperhoofden) listed in Hans Hägerdal (2012), pp. 425-7; for the later Residents, see Regeeringsalmanak Nederlandsch Indië, 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff 1800-1942 (various titles).
109. Incapacitated from 11 February to 17 April 2008
110. Goldstone, Anthony (2012-03-08). "Francisco Xavier do Amaral obituary". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
111. Kingsbury, Damien (2012-03-02). "Francisco Xavier do Amaral: First President of East Timor, politician and elder statesman". Deakin Speaking at Deakin University . Archived from the original on 2017-03-05. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
112. Fernandes, Clinton (2007). "East Timor: Balibo Inquiry". UNSW Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences . Archived from the original on 2015-09-12. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
113. Hutt, David (2017-08-18). "East Timor's "Red Rosa"". New Mandala by the Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs . Archived from the original on 2019-04-15. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
114. Murdoch, Lindsey (2015-03-22). "Xanana Gusmao and Kirsty Sword Gusmao announce separation". Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 2019-04-28.
115. "FACTBOX-Five facts about East Timor's Jose Ramos-Horta". Reuters News . 2007-05-08. Archived from the original on 2019-04-28. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
116. "Parlamento Nacional: Vicente da Silva Guterres casado com Maria Goretti Guterres Marques". National Parliament (East Timor) . Archived from the original on 2017-09-15. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
117. Micua, Leonardo V. (2009-04-17). "Timor Leste interim First Lady comes home to Dagupan". Philippine News Agency . ETAN. Archived from the original on 2016-06-29. Retrieved 2019-04-29.
118. Aquino Siapno, Jacqueline (2015-07-12). "In Memoriam, Fernando La Sama de Araujo (1963-2015)". Rappler . Archived from the original on 2017-07-29. Retrieved 2019-04-29.
119. "Timor Foundation: Partners - First Lady Isabel da Costa Ferreira". Timor Foundation . Archived from the original on 2014-09-03. Retrieved 2019-04-29.
120. "Wagub Timor Timur Dilantik". Mimbar Kekaryaan. March 1993. p. 57. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
121. Korano, Nicolash RMS (24 February 1998). "Daerah Sekilas: Dili-DPRD Timtim Secara Aklamasi Menyetujui Calon Wakil Gubernur". Kompas. Retrieved 7 February 2021.

Bibliography

• Banu Naek, Yesriel Yohan Kusa (2007) Raja-raja Amanatun yang berkuasa. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
• Belo, Dom Carlos Filipe Ximenes (2011) Os antigos reinos de Timor-Leste (Reys de Lorosay e Reys de Lorotoba, Coronéis e Datos). Baucau: Tipografia Diocesana Baucau.
• Castro, Afonso de (1867) As possessões Portuguezas na Oceania. Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional.
• Detaq, Aco (1972) Memperkenalkan Kota Kupang. Kupang.
• Dijk, L.C. van (1925, 1934) "De zelfbesturende landschappen in de Residentie Timor en Onderhoorigheden", Indische Gids 47, 56.
• Francillon, G. (1980) "Incursions upon Wehali: A modern history of an ancient empire", in James J. Fox (ed.) The flow of life: Essays on eastern Indonesia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
• Hägerdal, Hans (2012) Lords of the land, lords of the sea: Conflict and adaptation in early colonial Timor, 1600–1800. Leiden: KITLV Press.
• Hägerdal, Hans (2013) "Lay Atjien Liok and the Lidak War of 1852: Chinese networking, indigenous agency and colonial intrusion in eastern Indonesia", Indonesia and the Malay World 41 (121).
• Leitão, Humberto (1952) Vinto e oito anos de história de Timor (1698 a 1725). Lisboa: Agencia Geral do Ultramar.
• Matos, Artur Teodoro de (1974) Timor Português 1515–1769; Contribução para a sua história. Lisboa: Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa.
• Middelkoop, P. (1939) "Amarassisch-Timoreesche teksten", Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap 74–2.
• Middelkoop, P. (1952) "Trektochten van Timorese groepen", Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 85.
• Nope, Pina Ope (2018) Konflik politik di Timor pada tahun 1600-1800an; Perjalanan Amanuban dan kerajaan Atoni lainnya menentang hegemoni bangsa Eropa atas Timor tahun 1600–1800. Niki-Niki: Prima Jaya.
• Pélissier, René (1996) Timor en guerre: le crocodile et les Portugais (1847–1913). Orgeval: Pélissier.
• Schulte Nordholt, H. G. (1971) The Political system of the Atoni of Timor. The Hague: M. Nijhoff. [Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 60.]
• Soares, António Vicente Marques (2003) Pulau Timor; Sebuah sumbangan untuk sejarah. Baucau: Matebian Press.
• Taniputera, Ivan (2013) Kerajaan-kerajaan Nusantara pascakeruntuhan Majapahit. Jakarta: Gloria.
• Tey Seran, Sixtus, et al. (2006) Noemuti dalam kancah perjuangan melawan kolonialis. Kupang: Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
• Tifa, D. & Itta, H. (2007) Belu, pemimpin dan sejarah. Belu: Sesawi.
• Truhart, Peter (2003) Regents of nations. Part 3. Asia & Pacific Oceania. München: Saur.
• Vroklage, B.A.G. (1953) Ethnographie der Belu in Zentral-Timor, Vol. I. Leiden: Brill.
• Wadu, Jacob, et al. (2003) Sejarah pemerintahan kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Kupang: Universitas Nusa Candana.
• Widiyatmika, Munandjar (2007) Lintasan sejarah bumi cendana. Kupang: Penerbit Pusat Pengembangan Madrasah NTT.
• Widiyatmika, Munandjar (2010) Kupang dalam kancah persaingan hegemoni kolonial tahun 1653–1917. Kupang: Penerbit Pusat Pengembangan Madrasah NTT.

External links

Kerajaan2 Indonesia, GLOBALISE Huygens Institute Uma Breve História do Reino do suco Souro, Lospalos, Município de Lautém, Timor