Lobaria anomala

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Lobaria anomala
Lobaria anomala 207664822.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Peltigerales
Family: Peltigeraceae
Genus: Lobaria
Species:
L. anomala
Binomial name
Lobaria anomala
(Brodo & Ahti) T.Sprib. & McCune (2014)
Synonyms [1]
  • Anomalobaria anomala(Brodo & Ahti) B.Moncada & Lücking (2013)
  • Pseudocyphellaria anomalaBrodo & Ahti (1987)

Lobaria anomala, commonly known as the netted specklebelly, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. [2] It is found in coastal western North America, where it grows on trees in humid environments. The lichen was first described as a new species in 1987 as a species of Pseudocyphellaria , though it had been mentioned in scientific papers before.

Contents

Taxonomy

The lichen was first formally described as a new species in 1987 by Irwin M. Brodo and Teuvo Ahti as a species of Pseudocyphellaria . It had previously been mentioned in various scientific papers, but never validly published. [3] For example, George Knox Merrill had proposed the name Sticta limbata var. anomala in a 1909 exsiccata series, [4] but without properly describing it: he published a description in English, but the requirement at the time was for this description to be in Latin. Adolf Hugo Magnusson published the species (as Pseudocyphellaria anomala) in 1940, but invalidly, as it was a nomen nudum, indicating it was published without the necessary descriptive elements or type designation that would make it validly published according to the standards of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. [5] To simplify the authorship of the species, Brodo and Ahti decided to exclude Merrill and Magnusson from the author citation, but acknowledged that "this procedure does not do justice to the originators of the name." [3] The type specimen was collected in 1908 from King County, Washington by amateur botanist Albert Scott Foster. [3]

In 2013, Bibiana Moncada and Robert Lücking proposed the new genus Anomalobaria to contain the species Anomalobaria anthraspis, and the type species, Anomalobaria anomala. This was based on molecular phylogenetic analysis that suggested that these species formed a distinct clade in a sampling of species formerly placed in Pseudocyphellaria. The main diagnostic difference between Lobaria and Anomalobaria was the presence of pseudocyphellae on the lobe undersides of the latter genus. Later molecular work, however, did not support the recognition of Anomalobaria as distinct from Lobaria, [6] [7] and the former name was synonymized with the latter. [8]

In 2014, Toby Spribille and Bruce McCune formally transferred the taxon to genus Lobaria . [9] The vernacular name of the lichen is the netted specklebelly, which refers to the net-like ridges on the upper thallus as well as the pale specks of pseudocyphellae on the undersurface. [10] [11]

Description

The thallus of Lobaria anomala is medium to dark brown and features ridges and depressions that are punctuated by white or grey soredia, and sometimes rounded to irregular soralia between the ridges. Individual lobes , which are rounded or angular, measure 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) wide. Apothecia are rare in this species. It contains stictic acid and triterpenes as lichen products. The expected results for standard chemical spot tests are: medulla PD+ (orange), K+ (yellow), KC−, and C−. [10]

Habitat and distribution

Lobaria anomala occurs in western North America, along the Pacific coast of the United States and Canada. It grows on both deciduous and coniferous trees on humid locales, particularly in the Interior Cedar Hemlock zone and in low-elevation coastal forests. Its range extends north from Alaska, through British Columbia, south to California. [11]

Species interactions

Lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi that have been recorded growing on Lobaria anomala include Plectocarpon lichenum , [12] and a Dactylospora not identified to species. [13]

Related Research Articles

<i>Lobaria</i> Genus of lichens

Lobaria is a genus of foliose lichens, formerly classified in the family Lobariaceae, but now placed in the Peltigeraceae. They are commonly known as "lung wort" or "lungmoss" as their physical shape somewhat resembles a lung, and their ecological niche is similar to that of moss.

Bellemerella is a genus of fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. All four species are lichenicolous, meaning they grow parasitically on other lichens.

<i>Pseudephebe</i> Genus of fungi

Pseudephebe is a genus of fruticose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It contains three species that grow on rocks.

<i>Hypogymnia</i> Genus of lichens

Hypogymnia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. They are commonly known as tube lichens, bone lichens, or pillow lichens. Most species lack rhizines that are otherwise common in members of the Parmeliaceae, and have swollen lobes that are usually hollow. Other common characteristics are relatively small spores and the presence of physodic acid and related lichen products. The lichens usually grow on the bark and wood of coniferous trees.

<i>Punctelia</i> Genus of foliose lichens

Punctelia is a genus of foliose lichens belonging to the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus, which contains about 50 species, was segregated from genus Parmelia in 1982. Characteristics that define Punctelia include the presence of hook-like to thread-like conidia, simple rhizines, and point-like pseudocyphellae. It is this last feature that is alluded to in the vernacular names speckled shield lichens or speckleback lichens.

<i>Abrothallus</i> Genus of fungi

Abrothallus is a genus of lichenicolous fungi. It is the only genus in the monotypic family Abrothallaceae, which itself is the sole taxon in the order Abrothallales.

<i>Pseudocyphellaria</i> Genus of lichens

Pseudocyphellaria is a genus of large, leafy lichens that are sometimes referred to as "specklebelly" lichens. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in south temperate regions, and contains about 170 species. They resemble Lobaria, except that most species of Pseudocyphellaria have conspicuous pseudocyphellae on their lower surface, a characteristic that was once considered unique to this genus. Some species contain pulvinic acid-related pigments; in these species the soredia and pseudocyphellae can be bright yellow.

<i>Lobaria anthraspis</i> Species of lichen

Lobaria anthraspis is a species of foliose lichen in the subfamily Lobarioidiae of the family Peltigeraceae. It was originally named Sticta anthraspis by pioneer lichenologist Erik Acharius in 1803. In 1939, Swedish botanist Adolf Hugo Magnusson proposed a transfer to genus Pseudocyphellaria, and it was considered a member of that genus for several decades, until the advent of modern molecular phylogenetics led to refinements and reorganisation of family Peltigeraceae. Toby Spribille and Bruce McCune transferred it to Lobaria in 2014.

<i>Coccotrema</i> Genus of lichen

Coccotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the type genus of the family Coccotremataceae, in the order Pertusariales. The genus contains 16 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lichen growth forms</span> Gross morphological classification

Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up of multiple species: a fungus, one or more photobionts and sometimes a yeast. They are regularly grouped by their external appearance – a characteristic known as their growth form. This form, which is based on the appearance of vegetative part of the lichen, varies depending on the species and the environmental conditions it faces. Those who study lichens (lichenologists) have described a dozen of these forms: areolate, byssoid, calicioid, cladoniform, crustose, filamentous, foliose, fruticose, gelatinous, leprose, placoidioid and squamulose. Traditionally, crustose (flat), foliose (leafy) and fruticose (shrubby) are considered to be the three main forms. In addition to these more formalised, traditional growth types, there are a handful of informal types named for their resemblance to the lichens of specific genera. These include alectorioid, catapyrenioid, cetrarioid, hypogymnioid, parmelioid and usneoid.

Emodomelanelia is a lichen genus in the family Parmeliaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single foliose Himalayan species Emodomelanelia masonii.

<i>Notoparmelia</i> Genus of lichens

Notoparmelia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It includes 18 species that grow on bark and rocks, and are mostly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The genus was created in 2014 as a segregate of Parmelia.

Austromelanelixia is a genus of five species of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. All species are found in the Southern Hemisphere.

Steineropsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. It has two species. The genus was circumscribed by Toby Spribille and Lucia Muggia in 2010, with Steineropsis alaskana assigned as the type species. The type specimen of this lichen was found in Skagway, Alaska, where it was growing on a rock in a snowbed at an altitude of 1,051 m (3,448 ft). The generic name alludes to a resemblance to the genus Steinera. A second species, Steineropsis laceratula, also found in Alaska, was added to the genus in 2020. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that Steineropsis has a sister taxon relationship to genus Protopannaria.

<i>Hypogymnia krogiae</i> Species of lichen

Hypogymnia krogiae, commonly known as the freckled tube lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in North America, it was described as a new species in 1973 by Karl Ohlsson. The type specimen was collected near Cheat Bridge, West Virginia by Mason Hale in 1956.

<i>Ramalina americana</i> Species of lichen

Ramalina americana, commonly known as the sinewed ramalina, is a pale green fruticose lichen that is found across the Northern US Midwest, extending into Southern Canada and the Eastern Seaboard. It is characterized morphologically by the presence of pseudocyphellae, straight spores, and its unique chemical diversity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of lichens</span> Symbiosis of fungi with algae or cyanobacteria

The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to lichens.

<i>Crocodia</i> Genus of fungi

Crocodia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Peltigeraceae. It has eight species. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although most species occur in temperate and tropical regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The main characteristics of the genus that separate it from its parent genus, Pseudocyphellaria, include a yellow medulla and yellow pseudocyphellae on the lower thallus surface.

Strangospora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the only genus in the family Strangosporaceae, which itself is of uncertain taxonomic placement in the Ascomycota. It contains 10 species.

<i>Imshaugia aleurites</i> Species of lichen

Imshaugia aleurites, commonly known as the salted starburst lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It has a wide distribution in Europe and North America, and has also been recorded in China.

References

  1. ↑ "Current Name: Lobaria anomala (Brodo & Ahti) T. Sprib. & McCune, in McCune, Rosentreter, Spribille, Breuss & Wheeler, Monogr. N. Am. Lichenol. 2: 94 (2014)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  2. ↑ "Lobaria anomala (Brodo & Ahti) T. Sprib. & McCune". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 Ahti, Teuvo; Brodo, Irwin M.; Noble, Willa J. (1987). "Contributions to the lichen flora of British Columbia, Canada". Mycotaxon. 28: 91–97.
  4. ↑ Magnusson, A.H. (1940). "Western American lichens, mainly from Oregon". Meddelanden från Göteborgs botaniska trädgard. 13: 237–253 [248].
  5. ↑ "Record Details: Pseudocyphellaria anomala G. Merr. ex H. Magn., Meddn Göteb. Bot. Trädg. 13: 248 (1940)". Index Fungorum . Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  6. ↑ Miadlikowska, Jolanta; Kauff, Frank; Högnabba, Filip; Oliver, Jeffrey C.; Molnár, Katalin; Fraker, Emily; et al. (2014). "A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 79: 132–168. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.003. PMC   4185256 . PMID   24747130.
  7. ↑ Cornejo, Carolina; Scheidegger, Christoph (2015). "Multi-gene phylogeny of the genus Lobaria: Evidence of species-pair and allopatric cryptic speciation in East Asia". American Journal of Botany. 102 (12): 2058–2073. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1500207 . PMID   26672013.
  8. ↑ Lücking, Robert; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Leavitt, Steven D. (2017). "The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota–Approaching one thousand genera". The Bryologist. 119 (4): 361–416. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-119.4.361. JSTOR   44250015. S2CID   90258634.
  9. ↑ McCune, B.; Rosentreter, R.; Spribille, T.; Breuss, O.; Wheeler, T. (2014). "Montana lichens: literature, distribution and abundance". Monographs in North American Lichenology. 2: 95.
  10. 1 2 Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. pp. 592–593. ISBN   978-0300082494.
  11. 1 2 Goward, Trevor; McCune, Bruce; Meidinger, Del (1994). The Lichens of British Columbia: Illustrated Keys. Part 1 — Foliose and Squamulose Species. Victoria, B.C.: Ministry of Forests Research Program. pp. 118–119. ISBN   0-7726-2194-2. OCLC   31651418.
  12. ↑ Diederich, Paul; Lawrey, James D.; Ertz, Damien (2018). "The 2018 classification and checklist of lichenicolous fungi, with 2000 non-lichenized, obligately lichenicolous taxa". The Bryologist. 121 (3): 340–425 [350]. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-121.3.340.
  13. ↑ McCune, B.; Arup, A.; Breuss, O.; Di Meglio, E.; Di Meglio, J; Esslinger, T.L.; Magain, N.; Miadlikowska, J.; Miller, A.E.; Muggia, L.; Nelson, P.R.; Rosentreter, R.; Schultz, M.; Sheard, J.W.; Tønsberg, T.; Walton, J. (2018). "Biodiversity and ecology of lichens of Katmai and Lake Clark National Parks and Preserves, Alaska" (PDF). Mycosphere. 9 (4): 859–930. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/9/4/10.
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