MASCARA

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MASCARA
Cameras of the MASCARA system at ESO's La Silla Observatory.jpg
The five cameras that form the MASCARA system installed at La Silla Observatory
Alternative namesMulti-site All-Sky CAmeRA OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Part of La Silla Observatory
Roque de los Muchachos Observatory   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Location(s)Spain, Chile OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Coordinates 29°15′25″S70°44′16″W / 29.257078°S 70.737822°W / -29.257078; -70.737822 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Telescope style optical telescope   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Website mascara1.strw.leidenuniv.nl OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  Commons-logo.svg Related media on Commons
[ edit on Wikidata]
The compact housing of MASCARA at La Silla Observatory Compact housing of MASCARA at ESO's La Silla Observatory.jpg
The compact housing of MASCARA at La Silla Observatory

MASCARA (Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA) is an exoplanet experiment by Leiden University. It has two stations, one in each hemisphere, each of which use cameras to make short exposure photographs of most of the visible sky [1] to observe stars to a magnitude of 8.4. [2] The Northern Hemisphere station at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma, started observations in February 2015. The Southern Hemisphere station at La Silla Observatory, Chile, saw first light in July 2017. [3]

Contents

MASCARA-1b

On 17 July 2017, the discovery of MASCARA-1b, a confirmed superjovian exoplanet with a mass 3.7MJ, was reported by the survey team. MASCARA-1b is a hot Jupiter transiting its parent A-type star; its orbit is misaligned with the star's rotation. [4] The planet was found unusually reflective for hot Jupiter with the measured geometric albedo of 0.171+0.066
−0.068 and dayside temperature of 3062+66
−68 K. [5] Attempts to spectroscopically characterize its composition were failing as in 2022 due to relatively high planetary surface gravity resulting in compact atmosphere. [6]

MASCARA-2b

A second planet, MASCARA-2b, also known as KELT-20b, was also announced in 2017. It is a hot Jupiter orbiting an A-type star. [7] The carbon monoxide, steam [8] [9] and neutral iron [10] detection in the atmosphere of MASCARA-2b was announced in 2022.

MASCARA-4b

A planet MASCARA-4b (also known as HD 85628 Ab) discovery was announced in 2019. It is a hot Jupiter on retrograde and slightly eccentric orbit. [11] The planet is unusually reflective for a hot Jupiter. [12] Hydrogen, sodium, magnesium, calcium and iron emission from planetary atmosphere was detected. [13]

MASCARA-5b

In 2021, a planet MASCARA-5b (more commonly known as TOI-1431 b), is an Ultra-hot Jupiter. Its dayside temperature is 2,700 K (2,427 °C), making it hotter than 40% of stars in our galaxy. [14] The nightside temperature is 2,600 K (2,300 °C). [15]

List of discovered exoplanets

Star Constellation Right
ascension 		Declination App.
mag. 		Distance (ly) Spectral
type 		Planet Mass
(MJ)		 Radius
(RJ)		 Orbital
period
(d)		 Semimajor
axis
(AU)		 Orbital
eccentricity 		Inclination
(°)		Discovery
year
MASCARA-1 Equuleus 21h 10m 12.4s+10° 44′ 20″8.3188.7A8 b 3.71.52.148780.0430872017
MASCARA-2 Cygnus 19h 38m 38.7s+31° 13′ 09″7.58137A2V b 3.5181.833.47410850.05420.086.22017
MASCARA-3 Ursa Major 10h 47m 38s+71° 39′ 21″8.496.79F5 b 5.181.2725.55149260.0697189.1683.112019
MASCARA-4 Carina 09h 50m 19.2s−66° 06′ 50″86.7171.54A3V b 3.11.532.824060.047088.812019
MASCARA-5 Cepheus 21h 04m 49s+55° 35′ 17″8149.6AmC b 3.141.5082.650220.0470.0180.42021

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WASP-8b</span> Planet orbiting a star in a binary system in the constellation of Sculptor

WASP-8b is an exoplanet orbiting the star WASP-8A in the constellation of Sculptor. The star is similar to the Sun and forms a binary star with a red dwarf star (WASP-8B) of half the Sun's mass that orbits WASP-8A 4.5 arcseconds away. The system is 294 light-years away and is therefore located closer to Earth than many other star systems that are known to feature planets similar to WASP-8b. The planet and its parent star were discovered in the SuperWASP batch -6b to -15b. On 1 April 2008, Dr. Don Pollacco of Queen's University Belfast announced them at the RAS National Astronomy Meeting.

WASP-33b is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 15082. It was the first planet discovered to orbit a Delta Scuti variable star. With a semimajor axis of 0.026 AU and a mass likely greater than Jupiter's, it belongs to the hot Jupiter class of planets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WASP-43b</span> Extrasolar planet in the constellation Sextans

WASP-43b, formally named Astrolábos, is a transiting planet in orbit around the young, active, and low-mass star WASP-43 in the constellation Sextans. The planet is a hot Jupiter with a mass twice that of Jupiter, but with a roughly equal radius. WASP-43b was flagged as a candidate by the SuperWASP program, before they conducted follow-ups using instruments at La Silla Observatory in Chile, which confirmed its existence and provided orbital and physical characteristics. The planet's discovery was published on April 14, 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KELT-9b</span> Hot Jovian exoplanet orbiting KELT-9

KELT-9b is an exoplanet and ultra-hot Jupiter that orbits the late B-type/early A-type star KELT-9, located about 670 light-years from Earth. Detected using the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, the discovery of KELT-9b was announced in 2016. As of June 2017, it is the hottest known exoplanet.

HAT-P-23 is a G-type main-sequence star 1192 light-years away. It has a rapid rotation for its advanced age of 4 billion years, and exhibits a strong starspot activity. The star may be in the process of being spun up by the giant planet on close orbit. The star is enriched in heavy elements, having about 140% amount of metals compared to solar abundance.

KELT-1 is a F-type main-sequence star. Its surface temperature is 6518±50 K. It is similar to the Sun in its concentration of heavy elements, with a metallicity Fe/H index of 0.008±0.073, but is much younger at an age of 1.75±0.25 billion years. The star is rotating very rapidly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KELT-6b</span> Exoplanet orbiting KELT-6

KELT-6b is an exoplanet orbiting the F-type subgiant KELT-6 approximately 791 light years away in the northern constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered in 2013 using the transit method, and was announced in 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KELT-20b</span> Exoplanet orbiting KELT-20

KELT-20b, also known as MASCARA-2b, was an exoplanet announced in 2017. It is an Ultra-hot Jupiter orbiting an A-type star. The carbon monoxide, steam and neutral iron detection in the atmosphere of KELT-20b was announced in 2022.

HD 85628 Ab, also designed MASCARA-4b, is an exoplanet located approximately 559.47±3.05 light years from Earth. This planet was discovered in 2019 using the transit method.

KELT-20, also known as MASCARA-2, is an A2 main sequence star in the constellation of Cygnus, about 447 light years away.

HD 85628 (MASCARA-4) is a binary star system in the constellation of Carina. The host star, HD 85628 A, is an A-type main-sequence star, the primary star of the system, with a hot Jupiter in orbit around it. The secondary star is HD 85628 B, a K-type main-sequence star. Little is known about it.

KELT-24 is a single star in the constellation Ursa Major at a distance of approximately 316 light-years from Sun. The apparent magnitude of the star is +8.33m. The star's age is estimated to be about 1.6 billion years. As an F-type main-sequence star, it is similar to the Sun, but slightly hotter and more luminous.

HD 201585 is a star located in the equatorial constellation Equuleus. It has an apparent magnitude of 8.23, making it readily visible in small telescopes but not to the naked eye. Gaia DR3 parallax measurements imply a distance of 594 light-years and it is currently receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 14 km/s. At its current distance, HD 201585's brightness is diminished by three-tenths of a magnitudes due to interstellar extinction and it has an absolute magnitude of +1.81. HD 201585 is the star's Henry Draper Catalogue designation. It is also designated as MASCARA-1 meaning that it is the first star observed by the MASCARA exoplanet search program.

WASP-178b, also known as KELT-26b and HD 134004 b, is an ultra-hot Jupiter exoplanet discovered in 2019 orbiting WASP-178, a hot A-type star located about 1,350 light-years away in the constellation of Lupus. At over 1.8 times the radius of Jupiter, it is among the largest exoplanets. The planet is tidally locked, heating up one side of the planet to such a degree that silicate rock and metal evaporate. Supersonic winds blow constantly towards the dark, cooler nighttime side, where the vaporized minerals condense and fall as rain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WASP-178</span>

WASP-178, also known as KELT-26 and HD 134004, is a star located about 1,350 light-years away in the southern constellation of Lupus. It is a hot A-type main sequence star or subgiant, a likely Am star, and a possible Delta Scuti variable, about twice as massive as the Sun and twenty times as luminous. In late 2019, the star was discovered to be orbited by an ultra-hot Jupiter planet, WASP-178b, making it one of the hottest stars known to host a hot Jupiter.

References

  1. ↑ "Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA – Official Website". Leiden Astronomy MASCARA group. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  2. ↑ "Eyes Wide Open for MASCARA in Chile – Exoplanet hunter sees first light at ESO's La Silla Observatory". European Southern Observatory. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  3. ↑ "Eyes Wide Open for MASCARA in Chile – Exoplanet hunter sees first light at ESO's La Silla Observatory". European Southern Observatory. 19 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  4. ↑ Talens, G. J. J; et al. (2017). "MASCARA-1 b. A hot Jupiter transiting a bright mV = 8.3 A-star in a misaligned orbit". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 606: A73. arXiv: 1707.04262 . Bibcode:2017A&A...606A..73T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731282. S2CID   119259578.
  5. ↑ Hooton, M. J.; et al. (2022), "Spi-OPS: Spitzer and CHEOPS confirm the near-polar orbit of MASCARA-1 b and reveal a hint of dayside reflection", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 658: A75, arXiv: 2109.05031 , Bibcode:2022A&A...658A..75H, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141645
  6. ↑ Casasayas-Barris, N.; et al. (2022), "Transmission spectroscopy of MASCARA-1b with ESPRESSO: Challenges of overlapping orbital and Doppler tracks", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 664: A121, arXiv: 2206.09443 , Bibcode:2022A&A...664A.121C, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202143016
  7. ↑ Talens, G. J. J; et al. (2018). "MASCARA-2 b: A hot Jupiter transiting a mV = 7.6 A-star". Astronomy & Astrophysics. A57: 612. arXiv: 1707.01500 . Bibcode:2018A&A...612A..57T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731512. S2CID   119422884.
  8. ↑ Fu, Guangwei; Sing, David K.; Lothringer, Joshua D.; Deming, Drake; Ih, Jegug; Kempton, Eliza M. -R.; Malik, Matej; Komacek, Thaddeus D.; Mansfield, Megan; Bean, Jacob L. (2022), "Strong H2O and CO Emission Features in the Spectrum of KELT-20b Driven by Stellar UV Irradiation", The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 925 (1): L3, arXiv: 2201.02261 , Bibcode:2022ApJ...925L...3F, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac4968
  9. ↑ Kasper, David; Bean, Jacob L.; Line, Michael R.; Seifahrt, Andreas; Brady, Madison T.; Lothringer, Joshua; Pino, Lorenzo; Fu, Guangwei; Pelletier, Stefan; Stürmer, Julian; Benneke, Björn; Brogi, Matteo; Désert, Jean-Michel (2023), "Unifying High- and Low-resolution Observations to Constrain the Dayside Atmosphere of KELT-20b/MASCARA-2b", The Astronomical Journal, 165 (1): 7, arXiv: 2208.04759 , Bibcode:2023AJ....165....7K, doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac9f40
  10. ↑ Yan, F.; Reiners, A.; Pallé, E.; Shulyak, D.; Stangret, M.; Molaverdikhani, K.; Nortmann, L.; Mollière, P.; Henning, Th.; Casasayas-Barris, N.; Cont, D.; Chen, G.; Czesla, S.; Sánchez-López, A.; López-Puertas, M.; Ribas, I.; Quirrenbach, A.; Caballero, J. A.; Amado, P. J.; Galadí-Enríquez, D.; Khalafinejad, S.; Lara, L. M.; Montes, D.; Morello, G.; Nagel, E.; Sedaghati, E.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Zechmeister, M. (2022), "Detection of iron emission lines and a temperature inversion on the dayside of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-20b", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 659: A7, arXiv: 2201.08759 , Bibcode:2022A&A...659A...7Y, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142395
  11. ↑ Dorval, P.; Talens, G. J. J.; Otten, G. P. P. L.; Brahm, R.; Jordán, A.; Torres, P.; Vanzi, L.; Zapata, A.; Henry, T.; Paredes, L.; Jao, W. C.; James, H.; Hinojosa, R.; Bakos, G. A.; Csubry, Z.; Bhatti, W.; Suc, V.; Osip, D.; Mamajek, E. E.; Mellon, S. N.; Wyttenbach, A.; Stuik, R.; Kenworthy, M.; Bailey, J.; Ireland, M.; Crawford, S.; Lomberg, B.; Kuhn, R.; Snellen, I. (2019), "MASCARA-4 b/BRing-1 b: A retrograde hot Jupiter around a bright A-type star", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 635: A60, arXiv: 1904.02733 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935611
  12. ↑ Ahlers, John P.; Kruse, Ethan; Colón, Knicole D.; Dorval, Patrick; Talens, Geert Jan; Snellen, Ignas; Albrecht, Simon; Otten, Gilles; Ricker, George; Vanderspek, Roland; Latham, David; Seager, Sara; Winn, Joshua; Jenkins, Jon M.; Haworth, Kari; Cartwright, Scott; Morris, Robert; Rowden, Pam; Tenenbaum, Peter; Ting, Eric B. (2019), "Gravity-darkening Analysis of the Misaligned Hot Jupiter MASCARA-4 B", The Astrophysical Journal, 888 (2): 63, arXiv: 1911.05025 , doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab59d0
  13. ↑ Zhang, Yapeng; Snellen, Ignas A. G.; Wyttenbach, Aurèlien; Nielsen, Louise D.; Lendl, Monika; Casasayas-Barris, Núria; Chaverot, Guillaume; Kesseli, Aurora Y.; Lovis, Christophe; Pepe, Francesco A.; Psaridi, Angelica; Seidel, Julia V.; Udry, Stéphane; Ulmer-Moll, Solène (2022), "Transmission spectroscopy of the ultra-hot Jupiter MASCARA-4 B", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 666: A47, arXiv: 2208.11427 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244203
  14. ↑ "Scientists uncover a 'hellish' planet so hot it could vaporize most metals". CNET. April 27, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  15. ↑ "'Hellish' new planet discovered". University of Southern Queensland. April 27, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2021.

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