| Maksimir Park | |
|---|---|
 Maksimir Park main entrance | |
 | |
| Location | Zagreb, Croatia |
| Area | 316 hectares (780 acres) 3.15 km2 [1] |
| Founder | Maksimilijan Vrhovac |
| Operated by | City of Zagreb |
| Website | www |
Maksimir Park is the oldest public park in Zagreb, Croatia. It forms part of the city's cultural heritage and is a habitat for many different plant and animal species.
Founded in 1787, Maksimir Park was the first large public park in South-Eastern Europe, and predates the majority of Europe's public park foundings. [2] The park was opened in 1794 [3] under the initiative of the man for whom it was named, Bishop Maksimilijan Vrhovac of Zagreb (1752–1827). [2] At that time, the park was located on the outskirts of the city, while today the city's neighborhoods have largely enveloped it. It was formerly a dense forest of hornbeams ( Carpinus betulus ) and oaks ( Quercus robur and Q. petraea). The remainder of the original forest survives as a girdle to the park, the area in total measuring above 1,005 acres (4.07 km2). [2]
The landscaping was first conceived by Bishop Vrhovac in the baroque style. [2] As one of the earliest public parks, it followed the principles laid out by the gardening theorist Christian Cay Lorenz Hirschfeld. [4] In 1839, Bishop Juraj Haulik (1788–1869), and others redesigned the park. [5] Haulik's vision was very much in line with Biedermeierist notions, and romantic neoclassicism, with elements from historicism; and in emulation of the park at the Laxenburg estate of the Habsburgs.
The process of transforming Maksimir Park involved the felling of the forest interior, the grading of hills, the excavating of great holes for lakes, the laying of paths, and construction of bridges. [2]
Others who were instrumental in the making of the park were sculptors Anton Dominik Fernkorn (1813–1878), and Josip Kassmann (1784–1856); master gardener Franjo Serafin Korbler (1812–1866); landscape architect Michael Sebastian Riedel (1763–1850); and architect Franz Schücht. [2]
Schücht's contributions include, among others, Paviljon Jeka (The Pavilion of Echoes), a lookout known as the Kiosk, and a house called Švicarska kuća (The Swiss House).[ citation needed ]
The park has several big meadows, numerous creeks, and five lakes, and is a habitat for various plant and animal species, such as the Middle Spotted Woodpecker ( Dendrocopos medius ), an endangered species in Europe. [1]
Zagreb’s Zoo also forms part of the park’s territory, located in the southern part of Maksimir Park.
In addition to the park, the name Maksimir may also refer to one of Zagreb’s neighborhoods and NK Dinamo’s stadium, both of which are adjacent to the park.
Maksimir is located in the eastern central part of the city.
ZET tram lines 4, 5, 7, 11 and 12 frequently connect the park to the rest of the city. A stop named Bukovačka is located at the main entrance into the park. [6]
A less frequent bus route 226 from a nearby Svetice terminal connects to the Mirogoj cemetery and goes on to the Kaptol terminal in the old city centre. [7]
Transport in Croatia relies on several main modes, including transport by car, train, ship and plane. Road transport incorporates a comprehensive network of state, county and local routes augmented by a network of highways for long-distance travelling. Water transport can be divided into sea, based on the ports of Rijeka, Ploče, Split and Zadar, and river transport, based on Sava, Danube and, to a lesser extent, Drava. Croatia has 9 international airports and several airlines, of which the most notable are Croatia Airlines and Trade Air. Rail network is fairly developed but regarding inter-city transport, bus tends to be far more common than the rail.
Zagreb is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the north of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slovenia at an elevation of approximately 158 m (518 ft) above sea level. At the 2021 census, the city itself had a population of 767,131, while the population of Zagreb urban agglomeration is slightly above one million people.
Maksimir is one of the districts of Zagreb, Croatia, population 48,902. Maksimir stadium and Maksimir Park are located in it. It was named for Bishop Maksimilijan Vrhovac.
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The Zagrebački električni tramvaj (ZET) is the transit authority responsible for public transport in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, and parts of the surrounding Zagreb County. It is one of the municipal companies controlled by Zagreb Holding.
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Gornji Grad–Medveščak is one of the districts of Zagreb, Croatia; Gornji Grad translates as "Upper Town", referring to its historical location on city's hillside, being above Donji Grad. The district is located in the central part of the city and, according to the 2011 census, it has 30,962 inhabitants spread over 10.19 km2 (3.93 sq mi).
Kaptol is a part of Zagreb, Croatia in the Upper Town and it is the seat of the Roman Catholic archbishop of Zagreb. Due to its historical associations, in Croatian "Kaptol" is also used as a metonym for the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church in Croatia.
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