Marchwood

Last updated

Marchwood
Shops in Main Road, Marchwood - geograph.org.uk - 982936.jpg
Main Road, Marchwood
Hampshire UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Marchwood
Location within Hampshire
Population5,586  [1]
6,141 (2011 Census) [2]
OS grid reference SU385102
Civil parish
  • Marchwood
District
Shire county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town SOUTHAMPTON
Postcode district SO40
Dialling code 023
Police Hampshire and Isle of Wight
Fire Hampshire and Isle of Wight
Ambulance South Central
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Hampshire
50°53′24″N1°27′14″W / 50.890°N 1.454°W / 50.890; -1.454
St. John's church, Marchwood St John's, Marchwood.jpg
St. John's church, Marchwood
Marchwood military port in 2004 viewed from Southampton Marchwood 200404.JPG
Marchwood military port in 2004 viewed from Southampton
Marchwood incinerator dome Marchwood incinerator dome. - geograph.org.uk - 426426.jpg
Marchwood incinerator dome

Marchwood is a village and civil parish located in Hampshire, England. It lies between Totton and Hythe on the western shore of Southampton Water and directly east of the New Forest. The population of the village in the 2011 census was 6,141. [1]

Contents

History

Marchwood has seen human activity since Roman times. The Roman road from the Calshot/Lepe area passed through here on its way to Nursling (Onna as it was called). [3] Roman coins have been found at Bury Farm. [3]

The name "Marchwood" is most probably from the Old English "merecewudu" meaning "smallage wood" ("smallage" is a term for wild celery). [4] It is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Merceode", when the manor was held by Alwin, whose father Wulfgeat held the manor before 1066. [5]

The manor of Marchwood eventually became known as Marchwood Romsey. [6] John de Romsey held the vill of Marchwood in 1316. He was succeeded by Sir Walter Romsey of Rockbourne, who died in 1403–4 holding land in Marchwood. [6] The manor then passed in the same way as the manor of Romsey Horseys, until the death of Thomas Horsey in 1477. [6]

John Romsey of Tatchbury died in 1494 holding the manor from John Horsey, as did his son, another John Romsey who died in 1503. [6] His son William Romsey sold the manor to Henry White. The manor passed from Robert White to his son William in 1564–5. [6] In 1587 William White sold the manor to Nicholas Venables. William Rickman died in possession of the manor in 1599, leaving his daughter Katherine wife of David Urry his heir. [6] A hundred years later, David Urry, described as of St. James, Westminster, sold the manor to Gilbert Serle of Leghorn, and it subsequently passed to Sir William Oglander. The manor afterwards passed into the Saunders family. [6]

One other manor close to Marchwood was called Bury (also Newton Bury). It occurs in a deed of the 13th century as the "manor of Eling called Burylond." In the 16th century it was absorbed into Colbury manor, and it is now represented by Bury Farm just north of Marchwood.

Marchwood was at one time in the parish of Eling, and is situated in that part of the ancient parish which lies low at the mouth of the River Test, southeast of Eling village. [6] Cracknore, in Marchwood, was the landing place of the ferry from Southampton long before the Hythe Ferry. [3] There was an important beacon site here at Beacon Hill, receiving and sending messages to both ends of the Isle of Wight. [3] Marchwood became a separate ecclesiastical parish in 1843, and a civil parish in 1894. [6] The church was built and endowed by Horatio Francis Kingsford Holloway in 1843. [6] By the beginning of the 20th century, there were Government gunpowder magazines and a Metropolitan Police barracks in Marchwood. [6]

Marchwood Military Port was built here during World War II, which played a vital role in the Normandy landings. [7] The Royal Navy Ordnance Depot was where the famous Mulberry harbours were made. [3] The port continues to service Britain's overseas military interests. [7]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1086 EST12—    
1841158+1216.7%
18511,123+610.8%
1881791−29.6%
1891695−12.1%
1901611−12.1%
1911620+1.5%
1921767+23.7%
1931843+9.9%
19511,636+94.1%
19611,767+8.0%
19914,908+177.8%
20015,586+13.8%
20116,141+9.9%
"1086 estimate from Domesday Book (four households). 1841–2011 figures from UK census data."

Industry

Despite being a village, Marchwood is the home of a refuse incinerator known as Marchwood Incinerator (the remains of a previous incinerator, closed in the 1990s were finally pulled down in 2012), a sewage works, a large military port and a natural gas fuelled combined cycle power station known as Marchwood Power Station. [8] replacing an older station which was dismantled during the 1980s. The 842 megawatt facility is one of the most efficient generators of electricity in the UK at 58% fuel efficiency. Until privatisation, Marchwood was home to one of the three principal research facilities of the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB), concentrating on heavy plant – the other facilities were at Leatherhead and at Berkeley.

Education

Marchwood has two schools, an infant school situated in Twiggs Lane and a junior school in the village centre. The nearest secondary schools are Applemore College in Dibden Purlieu and Hounsdown School in Totton. The village does not have a public library. Nearby libraries are in Totton and Hythe.

Transport

Road

Marchwood is most easily accessed by road via the A326 road (Marchwood Bypass) which runs from the M27 motorway, past Totton, Marchwood and Hythe, as far as the village of Holbury. This then lets down the Access roads of Jacobs Gutter Lane, Staplewood Drive and Twiggs Lane. The main point of access from the south (towards Hythe) is Hythe Road. Bluestar operates one daytime bus route through Marchwood every hour Monday to Saturday. The 8 service goes to Southampton via Totton in one direction and to Hythe and Calshot in the other. There is limited public transport from the village in the evenings.

Marchwood railway station and level crossing gates, c.1996. Marchwood railway station.jpg
Marchwood railway station and level crossing gates, c.1996.

Rail

Marchwood railway station opened on the Fawley Branch Line beside Main Road on 20 July 1925. The station was closed by the Beeching Axe on 14 February 1966 and has remained closed since. [9] Freight trains still operate on the line and a set of manual level crossing gates are still used on Main Road. Hampshire County Council have agreed to fund a study into reopening the Waterside line between Totton and Hythe, with a stop at Marchwood. [10]

Religious sites

Marchwood has four Christian churches. The Parish Church of St. John's; The Gospel Church; New Forest Community Church; and Fijian church, which meets in the army estate, mainly for those from Fiji posted in the military houses and barracks. The churches are active in the community: The New Forest Community Church run a local coffee shop in the village centre, the "sweet soul cafe"; The Gospel Church runs a Friday afternoon cafe "refreshers", ladies' and men's social groups, and various youth and children's clubs, meeting on Sundays at 10.30am at the Infant school; and the Parish church has strong links with the local schools.

Sport

Marchwood is home to Staplewood Training Ground the training facilities of Southampton F.C. There is also Lloyds recreation ground which is home to a host of football clubs, as well as two tennis courts.

Twin settlements

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southampton Water</span> Tidal estuary in England

Southampton Water is a tidal estuary north of the Solent and the Isle of Wight in England. The city of Southampton lies at its most northerly point, where the estuaries of the River Test and River Itchen meet. Along its salt marsh-fringed western shores lie the New Forest villages of Dibden, Hythe and Fawley, and the Fawley Refinery. On the slightly steeper eastern shore are the Southampton suburb of Weston, the villages of Netley and Hamble-le-Rice, and the Royal Victoria Country Park. To the south, Southampton Water enters the Solent between Calshot Spit and Hill Head.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Totton and Eling</span> Human settlement in England

Totton and Eling is a civil parish in Hampshire, England, with a population of about 28,100 people. It contains the town of Totton and is situated between the eastern edge of the New Forest and the River Test, close to the city of Southampton but outside the city boundary; the town is within the New Forest non-metropolitan district. Surrounding towns and villages include Ashurst, Marchwood, Cadnam and Ower.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fawley, Hampshire</span> Human settlement in England

Fawley is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. It is situated in the New Forest on the western shore of the Solent, approximately 7 miles south of Southampton. Fawley is also the site of Fawley Refinery, operated by ExxonMobil, which is the largest facility of its kind in the United Kingdom. The decommissioned Fawley Power Station is also located less than a mile to the south east of the village.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cadnam</span> Human settlement in England

Cadnam is a village situated in Hampshire, England, within the boundaries of the New Forest National Park. The village has existed since the medieval period, when it was an important crossroads between Southampton and the towns of Dorset.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Forest East (UK Parliament constituency)</span>

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashurst, Hampshire</span> Human settlement in England

Ashurst is a village in the New Forest district of Hampshire, England, which together with Colbury hamlet makes the parish of Ashurst and Colbury. Ashurst is on the A35 road near the Southampton conurbation. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 2,011, increasing to 2,093 at the 2011 Census. The parish is on the edge of the designated New Forest National Park area. The village has a campsite, some shops and a railway station. The parish is bounded to the west by Netley Marsh parish and the Bartley Water, to the north by the A326 road and Totton and Eling, and to the south by Denny Lodge parish in the New Forest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dibden Purlieu</span> Human settlement in England

Dibden Purlieu is a village situated on the edge of the New Forest in Hampshire, England. The village merges with the nearby town of Hythe. It is in the civil parish of Hythe and Dibden.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dibden</span> Human settlement in England

Dibden is a small village in Hampshire, England, which dates from the Middle Ages. It is dominated by the nearby settlements of Hythe and Dibden Purlieu. It is in the civil parish of Hythe and Dibden. It lies on the eastern edge of the New Forest in a valley, which runs into Southampton Water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minstead</span> Human settlement in England

Minstead is a small village and civil parish in the New Forest, Hampshire, about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Lyndhurst. There is a shop and a pub, the Trusty Servant. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's grave is under a large tree at the back of the 13th century All Saints' church.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sway, Hampshire</span> Human settlement in England

Sway is a village and civil parish in Hampshire in the New Forest national park in England. The civil parish was formed in 1879, when lands were taken from the extensive parish of Boldre. The village has shops and pubs, and a railway station on the South West Main Line from Weymouth and Bournemouth to Southampton and London Waterloo. It is the site of Sway Tower, a 66-metre (217 ft) concrete folly built in the 19th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Totton railway station</span> Railway station in Totton, England

Totton railway station serves the town of Totton, Hampshire, England and is on the South West Main Line. It is 82 miles 43 chains (132.8 km) down the line from London Waterloo. It is managed by South Western Railway who also operate the only services to stop at the station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colbury</span> Village in Hampshire, England

Colbury is a small village in the New Forest National Park, in Hampshire, England. The village lies along Deerleap Lane, near the modern village of Ashurst.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fawley branch line</span> Branch railway in Hampshire, England

The Fawley branch line, also known as the Waterside line is a standard-gauge railway line to Fawley, in the English county of Hampshire. It is on the opposite side of Southampton Water from the city of Southampton itself, in an area known as Waterside. For 40 years a passenger service operated, but this was withdrawn with the exception of the occasional enthusiasts' railtour. The line serves the freight needs of Marchwood Military Port, having also served the same function for Fawley Refinery until 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Port of Southampton</span> Passenger and cargo port in Southampton, England

The Port of Southampton is a passenger and cargo port in the central part of the south coast of England. The modern era in the history of the Port of Southampton began when the first dock was inaugurated in 1843. The port has been owned and operated by Associated British Ports since 1982, and is the busiest cruise terminal and second largest container port in the UK. The volume of port traffic categorises Southampton as a Medium-Port City globally.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Netley Marsh</span> Human settlement in England

Netley Marsh is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, close to the town of Totton. It lies within the New Forest District, and the New Forest National Park. It is the alleged site of the battle between an invading Anglo Saxon army, under Cerdic and a British army under Natanleod in the year 508.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fawley railway station</span> Railway station in Fawley, England

Fawley railway station was the terminus of the Totton, Hythe and Fawley Light Railway, which was built along the coast of Southampton Water to connect Totton and Fawley and to provide a freight link from the South West Main Line to Fawley Refinery.

References

  1. 1 2 "Marchwood - UK Census Data 2011".
  2. ↑ "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Hampshire Treasures, Volume 5 (New Forest), Page 215 – Marchwood". Archived from the original on 9 June 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  4. ↑ "Marchwood, Old Hampshire Gazetteer". Archived from the original on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  5. ↑ Domesday Map – Marchwood
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Victoria County History, (1912), A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 5, Eling
  7. 1 2 "Marchwood: An unknown hero", BBC News, 16 April 1999
  8. ↑ Marchwood Power Limited
  9. ↑ "Disused Stations". Subterranea Britannica.
  10. ↑ Daily Echo: Move to reopen former rail line
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.