Margaret Gardner | |
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30th Governor of Victoria | |
Assumed office 9 August 2023 | |
Monarch | Charles III |
Premier | Daniel Andrews Jacinta Allan |
Lieutenant | James Angus |
Preceded by | Linda Dessau |
9th Vice-Chancellor of Monash University | |
In office 1 September 2014 –4 August 2023 | |
Preceded by | Ed Byrne |
Succeeded by | Sharon Pickering |
Vice-Chancellor and President of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology | |
In office 4 April 2005 –1 September 2014 | |
Chancellor | Dennis Gibson Ziggy Switkowski |
Preceded by | Ruth Dunkin |
Succeeded by | Martin Bean |
Personal details | |
Born | Sydney,New South Wales,Australia | 19 January 1954
Spouse | Glyn Davis |
Residence | Government House,Melbourne |
Alma mater | University of Sydney |
Profession | Economist |
Salary | AU$485,000 as governor |
Website | governor.vic.gov.au |
Margaret Elaine Gardner AC FASSA (born 19 January 1954 [1] [2] ) is an Australian academic,economist and university executive serving as the 30th and current governor of Victoria since August 2023. [3] She was previously the vice-chancellor of Monash University from 2014 to 2023 [4] and the president and vice-chancellor of RMIT University from 2005 to 2014.
Gardner earned a Bachelor of Economics degree with first class honours from the University of Sydney and later a PhD with a thesis on Australian industrial relations.[ citation needed ]
After her PhD,Gardner received a Fulbright scholarship and studied at the University of California,Berkeley,the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Cornell University. [5]
Gardner has authored,co-authored and edited a number of texts in the fields of industrial relations and human resource management. [6] Between 1998 and 2002,as chair of two major Queensland Government taskforces,Gardner authored three government reviews:Queensland Industrial Relations Legislation,Pathways Articulation Through the Post-Compulsory Years of School to Further Education Training and Labour Market Participation.[ citation needed ]
Gardner served in executive positions with Deakin University,Griffith University and the Queensland University of Technology. [5]
Gardner was the deputy vice-chancellor of the University of Queensland. [5] She was appointed vice-chancellor of RMIT University on 4 April 2005,taking over from care-taker vice-chancellor Chris Whitaker. Prior to Gardner's appointment in 2005,RMIT was experiencing a regular budget shortfall of A$24 million. [7] [8] After her first year as vice-chancellor,the university reported a $23.2 million surplus. This surplus increased to A$50.1 million by 2007. The change in financial situations was arranged through selling the university's real estate holdings,increasing student fees by 9% annually,and firing 180 university staff. [8] [9]
Gardner was the 9th vice-chancellor of Monash University from September 2014 until August 2023 when she was appointed as Governor of Victoria. At the time of her retirement from Monash University,Gardner was Australia's highest paid vice-chancellor on nearly $1.6 million,up $190K on the year before. [10] [11]
Gardner was the chair of Universities Australia from 2017 to 2019, [12] Chair of the Group of Eight (Australian universities) from 2020 to 2023,president of RMIT International University Holdings Pty. Ltd. and the Museum Board of Victoria,chair of the Australian Technology Network and of the Education Advisory Group of the Council for Australia-Latin America Relations,and director of the Australian Teaching and Learning Council. [13]
On 5 June 2023,it was announced that Gardner would become the next governor of the state of Victoria,commencing on 9 August. Gardner replaced Linda Dessau,whose tenure ended at the end of June. In the interim,the Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria,James Angus,served as acting governor until Gardner's term commenced. [14]
Gardner has a strong academic background in industrial relations. She has written widely on the subject including a 662-page tome:Employment relations :industrial relations and human resource management in Australia. [15] In 2011 whilst vice-chancellor of RMIT,Gardner overturned the findings of an internal RMIT redundancy review committee (RRC) and unlawfully terminated the employment of social sciences professor Judith Bessant. The RRC found that fair process had not been followed by the university and that there had been a failure of natural justice. Despite these findings,Gardner decided to proceed to make Bessant redundant.[ citation needed ]
On behalf of Bessant,the National Tertiary Education Union launched an "adverse action" claim against RMIT and Gardner in the Federal Court of Australia. The presiding judge,Justice Gray,was highly critical of Gardner's management of the case,especially given her considerable experience in industrial relations. [16] In deciding the case,Gray also said he took into consideration the "apparent determination" by Gardner to "ignore her knowledge of Professor Hayward's animosity towards Professor Bessant".[ citation needed ] He also found that Gardner displayed a lack of contrition for what the court found to be a blatant contravention of workplace laws.
The Federal Court reinstated Bessant and indicated that she would be entitled to approximately $2 million in compensation if she was not reinstated. The court also ordered RMIT to pay a civil penalty of $37,000 for two contraventions of the Fair Work Act 2009 as a warning to employers of the risks of using "sham" redundancies as a means for dismissing difficult employees. The case was reported in the national media in addition to becoming an important case study that is widely discussed on legal websites. [17] [18] [19] [20] Bessant later published a personal account of the case. [21]
While Gardner was vice-chancellor and president of Australia's largest university,she presided over $8.6 million in underpayments to casual academic staff. Over six years,more than 2000 teachers had their rightful wages and entitlements withheld. [22] [23]
In 2022,Monash University and their lawyers Clayton Utz made an application to the Fair Work Commission to retrospectively rewrite clauses and vary the Monash University Enterprise Agreement. [24] They did this by trying to clarify use of the term "contemporaneous consultation" with students around lectures and tutorials. The university sought to have the enterprise agreement amended to define contemporaneous as meaning "within a week of the lecture". National Tertiary Education Union president Alison Barnes accused Monash of the "height of employer bastardry". She said that "They negotiated that enterprise bargaining agreement in good faith and to try to alter it is extraordinary." [25] If this had been successful,it would have resolved some of the university's underpayment liabilities and negated the National Tertiary Education Union (NTEU) underpayment claim. The Fair Work Commission's deputy president ultimately rejected the application by Monash University,ruling staff were entitled to the enterprise agreement they had agreed to in good faith. [26] [27] [28] [29]
On 23 September 2021,Gardner and the university unreservedly apologised to all staff and their NTEU representatives,later reiterating this apology before the Senate standing committee. [30]
In 2016,Gardner and her husband,Glyn Davis,the vice chancellor of the University of Melbourne,invested $166,000 in software company Vericus (developers of Cadmus) where their son,Rhys Davis,was chief technical officer. [31] [32] Cadmus was a controversial new anti-cheating software that emerged from a research project in 2015 before being developed and trialled by Vericus at the University of Melbourne. Cadmus received a substantial government grant under the now defunct Accelerating Commercialisation Grant scheme. [33] The University of Melbourne claimed Davis declared the conflict of interest and “rigorously excluded himself from any discussion of Cadmus matters”. Cadmus was later adopted widely by the university sector including the University of Melbourne. [34] [35]
In 2023,Monash University threw a lavish $127,000 black-tie farewell party for Gardner at the National Gallery of Victoria. [36] When details of this were discovered through Freedom Of Information,it provoked outrage from university students and staff. [37] This took place at the same time as the university was facing a multimillion-dollar wage theft claim from casual academics and the National Tertiary Education Union in the Federal Court of Australia. [38]
At the time of her retirement from Monash University,Gardner was Australia's highest paid vice-chancellor on nearly $1.6 million,up $190K on the year before. [39]
Viceregal styles of Margaret Gardner (2023–present) | |
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Reference style | Her Excellency the Honourable |
Spoken style | Your Excellency |
Gardner is married to Glyn Davis who is the secretary of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet in the Albanese government and was previously vice-chancellor of the University of Melbourne. [46] Between September–October 2024,Margaret visited the Harrow Bush Nursing Centre.
Australian Catholic University (ACU) is a public university in Australia. It has seven Australian campuses and also maintains a campus in Rome.
Monash University is a public research university based in Melbourne,Victoria,Australia. Named after World War I general Sir John Monash,it was founded in 1958 and is the second oldest university in the state. The university has a number of campuses,four of which are in Victoria,one in Malaysia and another one in Indonesia. Monash also has a research and teaching centre in Prato,Italy,a graduate research school in Mumbai,India and graduate schools in Suzhou,China and Tangerang,Indonesia. Courses are also delivered at other locations,including South Africa.
The University of Melbourne is a public research university located in Melbourne,Australia. Founded in 1853,it is Australia's second oldest university and the oldest in Victoria. Its main campus is located in Parkville,an inner suburb north of Melbourne's central business district,with several other campuses located across Victoria.
The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology is a public research university located in the city of Melbourne in Victoria,Australia. Established in 1887 by Francis Ormond,it is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in Australia,a founding member of the Australian Technology Network (ATN),and a member of Universities Australia (UA).
The National Tertiary Education Union (NTEU) is an Australian trade union for all higher education and university employees. It is an industry union,and the only union working exclusively in the Australian university sector.
John Kinley Dewar is an Australian academic. He served as the vice-chancellor of La Trobe University from 2012 to 2024 and is currently the Interim vice-chancellor of University of Wollongong from June 2024.
Glyn Conrad Davis is an Australian academic and public servant. He was appointed the Secretary of the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet on 6 June 2022,and as of December 2024 serves in the role. From January 2005 until September 2018,he served as vice-chancellor of the University of Melbourne. He was previously a Distinguished Professor at the Australian National University's Crawford School of Public Policy.
The Victorian College of the Arts Student Union (VCASU) was the student union of the former Victorian College of the Arts (VCA),now known as the Faculty of VCA and Music (VCAM) in Melbourne,Australia. It was a separately incorporated organisation which represented the VCA student body. It had a strong history of creative student activism and successful political campaigns. VCASU's student newspaper was called Spark. VCASU officially went into voluntary liquidation on 15 May 2009 and shut down operations by 30 June 2009.
The Melbourne Model is a standardised academic degree structure which was introduced at the University of Melbourne in 2008. The Melbourne Model is designed to align itself "with the best of European and Asian practice and North American traditions" specifically for "[i]nternationalising academic programs and aligning degree structures with the 'Bologna model'". As a result of its implementation the university's 96 undergraduate courses were replaced with six undergraduate degrees and professional programs. These were Arts,Science,Environment,Biomedicine,Music,and Commerce. Agriculture was added later,and Environments controversially replaced by Design. The idea was that career-oriented specialisation would occur at postgraduate level,rather than in the broad undergraduate degree itself. The shifting of Medicine and Law to postgraduate level was new in Australia.
The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) is an Australian public university,founded by Francis Ormond MLA in 1887,in Melbourne,Victoria,Australia.
Sir Edward Byrne is a neuroscientist who,as of September 2024,serves as the 4th President of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),located in Thuwal,Saudi Arabia. Byrne served as 20th President and Principal of King's College London from August 2014 until January 2021. and was previously 8th President Vice-Chancellor of Monash University.
The RMIT Redbacks are the sport collective of the Australian research University the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT),based at all campuses in Victoria and Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam. The program is managed by the RMIT Sport team,part of RMIT Student Life.
Education in Melbourne may be divided into four groups:pre-school,primary education,secondary education and tertiary education. Melbourne is home to some of Australia's largest university and prominent independent schools. Entry to tertiary education for most students is through the Victorian secondary school system where students are ranked by the Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) upon completion of Year 12.
AIT,Academy of Interactive Technology is a specialist higher education and vocational education institution based in Sydney,with a second campus opening in Melbourne,Australia in 2015. AIT was established in 1999,and specialises in three disciplines:digital media,information technology,and business. AIT is a member of the NextEd group,alongside Greenwich English College,Go Study Australia,and the International School of Colour and Design (ISCD). AIT was the first in Australia to offer courses in Motion capture technology,and has the latest markerless Motion Capture system installed in its Sydney campus,in 2013,AIT was still the first Mobile Applications Development course provided. AIT holds and participates in many events,including the AIT Oscar Night,the AIT Games Night,and the Vivid Light Festival.
Federation University Australia (FedUni) is a public university based in Victoria,Australia. It is the modern descendant of the School of Mines Ballarat,established in 1870 as the fourth tertiary institution in Australia,which evolved to form the modern university as it is today. Formerly known as the University of Ballarat,it changed its name to Federation University in 2014 as it became a multi-campus institution with a strong presence both in Ballarat and across the state.
James Alexander Angus is an Australian pharmacologist,who has served as the Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria since 12 November 2021.
Belinda Probert is an educator and social scientist who has advised non-government organisations and state and national governments in Australia. Her academic research and writing has been in the areas of employment policy,gender equity,and work and welfare reform,including households and the domestic division of labour. She has held senior leadership roles in several universities as well as with the Australian Research Council,where she was a member and Deputy Chair of the Research Training and Careers Committee (1993–1998),and member of the Social,Behavioural and Economic Sciences Expert Advisory Committee.
Duncan John Maskell,is a British and Australian biochemist,academic,and academic administrator,who specialises in molecular microbiology and bacterial infectious diseases. Since 2018,he has been vice-chancellor of the University of Melbourne,Australia but retires in 2025. He previously taught at the University of Cambridge,England.