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Medical missions in China by Catholic and Protestant physicians and surgeons of the 19th and early 20th centuries laid many foundations for modern medicine in China. Western medical missionaries established the first modern clinics and hospitals, provided the first training for nurses, and opened the first medical schools in China. Work was also done in opposition to the abuse of opium. Medical treatment and care came to many Chinese who were addicted, and eventually public and official opinion was influenced in favor of bringing an end to the destructive trade. By 1901, China was the most popular destination for medical missionaries. The 150 foreign physicians operated 128 hospitals and 245 dispensaries, treating 1.7 million patients. In 1894, male medical missionaries comprised 14 percent of all missionaries; women doctors were four percent. Modern medical education in China started in the early 20th century at hospitals run by international missionaries.
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The Canton Hospital (廣州博濟醫院) or Ophthalmic Hospital in Canton, also known as the Canton Pok Tsai Hospital, was founded by Protestant medical missionary Peter Parker in Canton, China on November 4, 1835. Known as Sun Yet Sen Memorial Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet Sen University, it treated thousands of patients in need, became the center for the Medical Missionary Society in China, and still exists today as one of the most prestigious ophthalmic institutes in the world.
The Church Missionary Society in China was a branch organisation established by the Church Missionary Society (CMS), which was founded in Britain in 1799 under the name the Society for Missions to Africa and the East; as a mission society working with the Anglican Communion, Protestant, and Orthodox Christians around the world. In 1812, the organization was renamed the Church Missionary Society. The missions were financed by the CMS with the local organisation of a mission usually being under the oversight of the Bishop of the Anglican diocese in which the CMS mission operated.
References
- Wylie, Alexander (1867). Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press.
- Wong, K. Chimin and Lien-Teh, Wu (1936), 'History of Chinese Medicine', 2nd edition, Shanghai: National Quarantine Service
- Couling, Samuel (1917), 'Encyclopaedia Sinica', London: Oxford University Press
- Lockhart, William (1861). 'A Medical Missionary in China', London: Hurst and Blackett
- Parker, Peter (1843), 'Report of the Medical Missionary Society 1841-1842', Macao
- Colledge, Thomas Richardson and Parker, Peter (1838), 'Address and Minutes of Proceedings of the Medical Missionary Society Canton, China 1838', Canton: Office of the Chinese Repository
- Choa, G. H. (1990), 'Heal the sick was their motto : the Protestant medical missionaries in China', Hong Kong : Chinese University Press