Monotaxis (fish)

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Monotaxis
Monotaxis heterodon.jpg
Redfin bream (Monotaxis heterodon)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Spariformes
Family: Lethrinidae
Genus: Monotaxis
Anonymous [Bennett], 1830
Type species
Monotaxis indica
Anonymous [Bennett], 1830
Synonyms [1]

Monotaxis is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. The fishes in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

Contents

Taxonomy

Monotaxis was first proposed as a genus in 1830 by the author of the section on zoological specimens in the Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles when that author described Monotaxis indica from Sumatra. The author of that section was thought to be Edward Turner Bennett, although no evidence has been found to confirm that, so the author is given as anonymous with Bennett placed in square brackets. [2] [1] Some authors place this genus in the subfamily Monotaxinae but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise the subfamilies traditionally accepted within the family Lethrinidae as valid. The family Lethrinidae is classified by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World as belonging to the order Spariformes. [3]

Etymology

Monotaxis compounds mono, meaning "one". and taxis, which means "series", an allusion to single series of molar-like teeth on the sides of the jaws. [4]

Species

There are two recognized species in the genus Monotaxis: [5]

Characteristics

Monotaxis breams are characterised by having the dorsal fin supported by 10 spines and 10 soft rays while their anal fins are supported by 3 spines and 9 soft rays and there are 14 fin rays in their pectoral fins. They have transverse rows of scales on the cheeks and the axilla of the pectoral fin is densely scaled. There are round, flat molar-like teeth in the sides of the jaws and the maxilla has a horizontal serrated ridge along its outer surface. [6]

Distribution and habitat

Monotaxis breams have a wide Indo-Pacific distribution, ranging from the eastern coast of Africa from the Red Sea south to South Africa and east to the [[Hawaiian Islands[[, south to Australia and north to Japan. They are usually found near coral reefs over areas of sand and rubble at depths between 3 and 150 m (9.8 and 492.1 ft). [6]

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<i>Monotaxis grandoculis</i> Species of fish

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<i>Gymnocranius audleyi</i> Species of fish

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<i>Gnathodentex</i> Genus of fishes

Gnathodentex is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors or emperor breams. It is a monotypic genus, containing a single species, the goldspot seabream, also known as the striped large-eye bream. This taxon has a wide distribution in Indo-West Pacific region.

<i>Gymnocranius</i> Genus of fishes

Gymnocranius is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Parascolopsis</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Pentapodus</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Gymnocranius euanus</i> Species of fish

Gymnocranius euanus, the Japanese large-eye bream, Japanese sea bream, paddletail bream, speckled emperor or iodine bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Nemipterus bipunctatus</i> Species of fish

Nemipterus bipunctatus, the Delagoa threadfin bream, Bleeker's threadfin bream or butterfly bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin and whiptail breams. This demersal fish is found over soft bottoms in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Gymnocranius griseus</i> Species of fish

Gymnocranius griseus, the grey large-eye bream, barred large-eye bream, grey emperor, grey seabream and naked-head seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Parascolopsis inermis</i> Species of fish

Parascolopsis inermis, the unarmed dwarf monocle bream, banded monocle bream, redbelt monocle bream or yellow monocle bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Parascolopsis eriomma</i> Species of fish

Parascolopsis eriomma, the rosy dwarf monocle bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This species is found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

Nemipterus isacanthus, the teardrop threadfin bream or twinlined threadfin bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin and whiptail breams. This fish is found in the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Parascolopsis capitinis</i> Species of fish

Parascolopsis capitinis, the large-head threadfin bream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This species is found in the Western Indian Ocean.

Parascolopsis qantasi, the slender dwarf monocle bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the eastern Indian Ocean.

Parascolopsis townsendi, the scaly dwarf monocle bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the Western Indian Ocean.

<i>Gymnocranius grandoculis</i>

Gymnocranius grandoculis, the blue-lined large-eye bream, iodine bream, Maori sea bream or Robinson's sea bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emeprors and emperor breams. This fish has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

<i>Monotaxis heterodon</i>

Monotaxis heterodon, the redfin emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish is found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

References

  1. 1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Lethrinidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Monotaxis". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  3. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  4. ↑ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  5. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2020). Species of Monotaxis in FishBase . December 2020 version.
  6. 1 2 Kent E. Carpenter (2022). "Family Lethrinidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 316–327. ISBN   978-1-990951-32-9.
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