Monotaxis grandoculis

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Monotaxis grandoculis
Emperador jorobado (Monotaxis grandoculis), parque nacional Ras Muhammad, Egipto, 2022-03-26, DD 125.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Spariformes
Family: Lethrinidae
Genus: Monotaxis
Species:
M. grandoculis
Binomial name
Monotaxis grandoculis
(Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms [2]

Monotaxis grandoculis, the humpnose big-eye bream, bigeye barenose, bigeye bream, bigeye emperor, grand-eyed porgy fish, humpnose sea-bream, large-eye bream,mu and roundtooth large-eye bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the Indian and Pacific Ocean.

Contents

Taxonomy

Monotaxis grandoculis was first formally described as Sciaena grandoculis in 1775 by the Swedish-speaking Finnish explorer, orientalist, naturalist Peter Forsskål with its type locality given as Jeddah. In 1830 the anonymous author, thought to be Edward Turner Bennett, of the section on zoological specimens in Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles described a new species Monotaxis indica and placed it in a new monospecific genus Monotaxis . That species is now regarded as a synonym of Monotaxis grandoculis. [3] [4] Some authors place the genus Monotaxis in the subfamily Monotaxinae but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise the subfamilies traditionally accepted within the family Lethrinidae as valid. The family Lethrinidae is classified by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World as belonging to the order Spariformes. [5]

Etymology

Monotaxis grandoculis has the specific name grandoculis which is a reference to the large eye of this species, which also has the common name large-eye bream and the family is also called large-eyed breams. [6]

Description

Monotaxis granoculis has an oblong body has a depth that fits into its standard length between 2.1 and 2.7 times. The dorsal profile of the head creates a clear hump in front of the eyes with a steeply sloping snout below the hump. It has a large eye which has a diameter roughy equel to the length of the snout. The rear margin of the preoperculum is finely serrated. There are canine-like teeth in the front of each jaw and these give way to small in the front of the sides of the jaws and with molar-like teeth in the back of the jaws. [7] The dorsal fin has 10 spines and 10 softrays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 9 soft rays. [2] The overall colour of this bream is silvery-greyish with thin dark margins on each scale and a large black blotch on the axil of the pectoral fin. There are frequentlt 3-4 black vertical bands divided by thinner white bands on the back. Juveniles are marked with have 3 wide dark brown to blackish bars, resembling saddles, on the body with the two rear bars extending onto the dorsal fin, there is a black bar running through the eye and an reddish band along the outer part of the lobes of the caudal fin. [8] This species has a maximum published total length of 60 cm (24 in), although 40 cm (16 in) is more typical, and the maximum published weight is 5.9 kg (13 lb). [2]

juvenile Corl0365 (28112290785).jpg
juvenile

Distribution and habitat

Monotaxis grandoculis has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution from the Red Sea and the coast of eastern Africa as far south as South Africa, across the Indian Ocean, although it is absent from the Persian Gulf. In the Pacific Ocean ot extends as far east as the Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan and south to Australia. [9] In Australia it is found at [[Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and from Ningaloo Reef, Rowley Shoals and Scott Reef off Western Australia north to northeast of Evans Shoal in the Timor Sea and from the northern Great Barrier Reef south to Seal Rocks, New South Wales, with juveniles reaching as far south as Sydney. [8] This fish lives close to reefs in sand and rubble areas at depths between 3 and 150 m (9.8 and 492.1 ft). [9]

Biology

Monotaxis grandoculis are often encountered as solitary individuals but large adults may form schools of up to 50 individuals. [1] It feeds on benthic invertebrates and fishes. [9] This species has been found to be a host for the parasites Haliotrema angulocirrus , Proctoeces hawaiiensis , Pseudoplagioporus labiatus , Pycnadenoides pagrosomi and Transversotrema lacerta . [10]

Fisheries

Monotaxis grandoculis is a target for commercial and artisanal fisheries wherever it occurs, as well as being taken by recreational anglers. [8] Techniques used to take these fishes include gill netting, fish traps, spearfishing and handlining. The catch is marketed fresh. In the Marshall Islands the eating of this species has been thought to be a cause of ciguatera poisoning. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lethrinidae</span> Family of fishes

Lethrinidae are a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes commonly known as emperors, emperor breams, and pigface breams.

<i>Lethrinus laticaudis</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus laticaudis, the grass emperor, blue-lined emperor, blue-spotted emperor, brown kelp-fish, brown morwong, brown sweetlip, coral bream, grass sweetlip, grey sweetlip, piggy, red throat, red-finned emperor, snapper bream, squire, sweet-lips or tricky snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish is found in the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Gymnocranius audleyi</i> Species of fish

Gymnocranius audleyi, the collared large-eye bream, collar bream, bastard bream, coral bream, iodine bream, pale-faced bream or sand snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Monotaxis</i> (fish) Genus of fishes

Monotaxis is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. The fishes in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Gnathodentex</i> Genus of fishes

Gnathodentex is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors or emperor breams. It is a monotypic genus, containing a single species, the goldspot seabream, also known as the striped large-eye bream. This taxon has a wide distribution in Indo-West Pacific region.

<i>Gymnocranius</i> Genus of fishes

Gymnocranius is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Lethrinus</i> Genus of fishes

Lethrinus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. These fishes are mostly found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, with a single species in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

Wattsia is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the familyLethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. The only species in the genus is Wattsa mossambica, the Mozambique large-eye bream or Mozambique sea bream of the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Parascolopsis</i> Genus of fishes

Parascolopsis, the dwarf monocle breams, is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. These fishes are found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Lethrinus harak</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus harak, the thumbprint emperorblackblotch emperor or blackspot emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the Family Lethrinidae. the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Lethrinus atlanticus</i> Species of fish

Lethrinus atlanticus, the Atlantic emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean off the coast of western Africa.

<i>Gymnocranius euanus</i> Species of fish

Gymnocranius euanus, the Japanese large-eye bream, Japanese sea bream, paddletail bream, speckled emperor or iodine bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Nemipterus bipunctatus</i> Species of fish

Nemipterus bipunctatus, the Delagoa threadfin bream, Bleeker's threadfin bream or butterfly bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin and whiptail breams. This demersal fish is found over soft bottoms in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Gymnocranius griseus</i> Species of fish

Gymnocranius griseus, the grey large-eye bream, barred large-eye bream, grey emperor, grey seabream and naked-head seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Parascolopsis inermis</i> Species of fish

Parascolopsis inermis, the unarmed dwarf monocle bream, banded monocle bream, redbelt monocle bream or yellow monocle bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Gymnocranius grandoculis</i>

Gymnocranius grandoculis, the blue-lined large-eye bream, iodine bream, Maori sea bream or Robinson's sea bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emeprors and emperor breams. This fish has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

<i>Lethrinus crocineus</i> Species of marine fish

Lethrinus crocineus, the yellowtail emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish is found in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Monotaxis heterodon</i>

Monotaxis heterodon, the redfin emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This fish is found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Lethrinus amboinensis</i>

Lethrinus amboinensis, the Ambon emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Lethrinus borbonicus</i>

Lethrinus borbonicus, the snubnose emperor, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperor breams and emperors. This species is found in the Western Indian Ocean and is of some importance to commercial fisheries in that region.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Carpenter, K.E.; Lawrence, A.; Myers, R. (2016). "Monotaxis grandoculis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T16720607A16722460. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T16720607A16722460.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Monotaxis grandoculis" in FishBase. October 2023 version.
  3. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Monotaxis". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  4. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Lethrinidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  5. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  6. ↑ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  7. ↑ Kent E. Carpenter; Gerald R. Allen (1989). Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (Family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date (PDF). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. FAO, Rome.
  8. 1 2 3 Bray, D.J. (2018). "Monotaxis grandoculis". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  9. 1 2 3 Kent E. Carpenter (2022). "Family Lethrinidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 316–327. ISBN   978-1-990951-32-9.
  10. ↑ Nicolas Bailly (2019). "Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskål, 1775)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 30 November 2023.
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