Morula (gastropod)

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Morula
Morula striata 001.jpg
A dorsal view of a shell of Morula striata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Muricoidea
Family: Muricidae
Subfamily: Ergalataxinae
Genus: Morula
Schumacher, 1817
Type species
Morula papillosaSchumacher, 1817
Synonyms [1]
  • Drupa (Morula)Schumacher, 1817
  • HabromorulaHouart, 1995 (original rank)
  • Morula (Habromorula)Houart, 1995· accepted, alternate representation
  • Morula (Morula)Schumacher, 1817· accepted, alternate representation
  • Pentadactylus (Morula)Schumacher, 1817

Morula is a genus of small, predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfalily Ergalataxinae of the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. [1]

Contents

Species

Species within the genus Morula include:

Species brought into synonymy

Taxonomy

In 2002, Roland Houart described two new species and revised eight others, for a total 23 species of Morulasensu stricto. [52] He had previously (1994–1995) described Habromorula as a separate genus, containing 14 species that were earlier classified with Spinidrupa sensu lato. [53] In 2004, he placed Azumamorula , Oppomorus , and Habromorula into Morula as subgenera, and moved the whole group from subfamily Rapaninae to Ergalataxinae. [54]

Molecular genetics

In 2012–2013, Claremont et al. published a study of sequences for four genes across numerous species of Morula and related molluscs. [55] They found a clade of 11 species, and proposed a restricted definition of Morula to include: M. aspera, M. benedicta, M. (Habromorula) biconica, M. chrysostoma, M. (H.) coronata, M. (H.) japonica, M. nodicostata, M. (H.) spinosa, M. (H.) striata,M. uva (type species), and M. zebrina.

Habromorula did not form a clade in this analysis, however the authors noted that "monophyly of this morphologically distinctive group is not strongly contradicted, so that further sampling and analysis could yet support Habromorula as a monophyletic subgenus of Morula".

Subgenus Morula (Oppomorus) formed a separate clade; the authors proposed returning Oppomorus to genus level, containing O. nodulifera, O. funiculata and O. purpureocincta.

M. ceylonica, M. granulata, M. marginalba, M. musiva, and an undescribed species formed a distinct clade related to Muricodrupa. The authors proposed resurrecting the genus name Tenguella , for which T. granulata is the type species. They note that these species "have not previously been recognized as a morphologically distinctive group".

"Morula" anaxares was weakly related to Muricodrupa fenestrata, and "Morula" nodulosa was sister to the Tenguella–Muricodrupa group. "Morula" parva and "Morula" echinata placed in a third major clade, separate from the two that contain Tenguella and the main Morula group, respectively.

In response to the gene-sequence phylogeny, Houart, Zuccon and Puillandre formally described new genera in 2019: Claremontiella , Murichorda , and Lauta . [56] C. nodulosa, C. consanguinea, Mur. rumphiusi, and L. parva were previously in Morula. They also moved Morula anaxares to Muricodrupa anaxares , and reassigned M. palmeri to Pascula , the latter on basis of morphology rather than gene sequence.

References

  1. 1 2 Morula Schumacher, 1817 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  2. ↑ Morula aglaos (Houart, 1995) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  3. ↑ Morula albanigra Houart, 2002 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  4. ↑ Morula ambrosia (Houart, 1995) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  5. ↑ Morula angulata (G.B. Sowerby III, 1894) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  6. ↑ Morula aspera (Lamarck, 1816) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  7. ↑ Morula bicatenata (Reeve, 1846) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  8. ↑ Morula biconica (Blainville, 1832) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  9. ↑ Morula cernohorskyi Houart & Tröndle, 1997 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  10. ↑ Morula chrysostoma (Deshayes, 1844) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 20 November 2020.
  11. ↑ Morula coronata (H. Adams, 1869) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  12. ↑ Morula dichrous (Tapparone-Canefri, 1880) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  13. ↑ Morula echinata (Reeve, 1846) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  14. ↑ Morula euryspira Houart, 1995 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  15. ↑ Morula fuscoimbricata (Sowerby, 1915) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  16. ↑ Morula japonica (Sowerby, 1903) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  17. ↑ Morula lepida (Houart, 1995) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  18. ↑ Morula nodicostata (Pease, 1868) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  19. ↑ Morula peasei Houart, 2002 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  20. ↑ Morula porphyrostoma (Reeve, 1846) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  21. ↑ Morula praecipua Rehder, 1980 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  22. ↑ Morula rodgersi Houart, 2000 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  23. ↑ Morula spinosa (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  24. ↑ Morula striata (Pease, 1868) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  25. ↑ Morula uva (Röding, 1798) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  26. ↑ Morula variabilis (Pease, 1868) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  27. ↑ Morula whiteheadae Houart, 2004 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  28. ↑ Morula zebrina Houart, 2004 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  29. ↑ Morula mutica (Lamarck, 1816) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  30. ↑ Morula anaxares (Kiener, 1835) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  31. ↑ Morula cancellata Quoy & Gaimard . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  32. ↑ Morula concatenata (Lamarck, 1822) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  33. ↑ Morula consanguinea (Smith, 1890) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  34. ↑ Morula elata Blainville . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  35. ↑ Morula fenestrata Blainville . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  36. ↑ Morula funiculata (Reeve, 1846) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  37. ↑ Morula granulata (Duclos, 1832) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  38. ↑ Morula margariticola (Broderip) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  39. ↑ Morula marginalba (Blainville, 1832) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  40. ↑ Morula marginatra Blainville . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  41. ↑ Morula musiva (Kiener, 1835) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  42. ↑ Morula nodulosa (C.B. Adams, 1845) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  43. ↑ Morula ocellata . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  44. ↑ Morula oparense (Melvill, 1912) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  45. ↑ Morula parva (Reeve, 1846) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  46. ↑ Morula purpureocincta (Preston, 1909) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  47. ↑ Morula rosea (Reeve, 1846) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  48. ↑ Morula rumphiusi Houart, 1996 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  49. ↑ Morula sguamiliratum Smith . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  50. ↑ Morula squamosa Pease . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  51. ↑ Morula tuberculata Blainville . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 25 April 2010.
  52. ↑ Houart, Roland (2002). "Comments on a group of small Morula s.s. species (Gastropoda: Muricidae: Rapaninae) from the Indo-West Pacific with the description of two new species". Novapex. 3 (4): 97–118.
  53. ↑ Houart, Roland (1994). "Some notes on the genus Spinidrupa Habe and Kosuge, 1966 (Muricidae: Ergalataxinae), with the description of Habromorula gen. nov. (Muricidae: Rapaninae) and four new species from the Indo-West Pacific". Iberus. 12: 21–31. BHL: info digitised copy of printed article
  54. ↑ Houart, Roland (2004-11-10). "Review of the Recent species of Morula (Oppomorus), M. (Azumamorula) and M. (Habromorula) (Gastropoda: Muricidae: Ergalataxinae)". Novapex. 5 (4): 91–130.
  55. ↑ Claremont, Martine; Houart, Roland; Williams, Suzanne T.; Reid, David G. (2013-02-01). "A molecular phylogenetic framework for the Ergalataxinae (Neogastropoda: Muricidae)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 79 (1): 19–29. doi: 10.1093/mollus/eys028 . ISSN   0260-1230.
  56. ↑ Houart, Roland; Zuccon, Dario; Puillandre, Nicolas (2019-04-09). "Description of new genera and new species of Ergalataxinae (Gastropoda: Muricidae)".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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