Mulgara

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Mulgaras [1]
ChaetocercusCristicaudaSmit.jpg
Crest-tailed mulgara (Dasycercus cristicauda)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Marsupialia
Order: Dasyuromorphia
Family: Dasyuridae
Subfamily: Dasyurinae
Tribe: Dasyurini
Genus: Dasycercus
Peters, 1875
Type species
'Chaetocercus' cristicauda
Krefft, 1867
Species

Mulgaras are the six small rat-sized species in the genus Dasycercus. [3] They are marsupial carnivores, closely related to the Tasmanian devil and the quolls, that live in deserts and spinifex grasslands of arid Australia. They are nocturnal, but occasionally "sunbathe" in the entrance of the burrow in which they dwell. Their kidneys are highly developed to excrete extremely concentrated urine to preserve water, as the animals rarely drink. They feed mostly on insects, but also eat reptiles and small mammals. They are seasonal breeders and breed from June to September. The pouch comprises two lateral folds of skin.

Contents

Traditionally, two distinct but very similar species were recognized. The brush-tailed mulgara (D. blythi, previously classified as D. cristicauda), has an uncrested tail, two upper premolars, and six nipples. The crest-tailed mulgara (previously D. hillieri, but now reclassified as D. cristicauda) has a crested tail, three upper premolars, and eight nipples. [4] More recently, the Ampurta (D. hillieri) was once again recognized and three additional species were described: the southern mulgara (D. archeri), the little mulgara (D. marlowi), and the northern mulgara (D. woolleyae). [2]

The generic name Dasycercus means "hairy tail". [5]

Species identification

Mulgara in its natural habitat. Crest-tail Mulgara.jpg
Mulgara in its natural habitat.

A long history of confusion exists when classifying mulgaras, and only recently has confidence in the taxonomy of the species been gained. Identification of the species has been greatly assisted by detailed genetic and morphological studies of museum specimens. The most distinguishing feature in identifying the species is the crest of hair on the tail. The crest-tailed mulgara has a crest of long black hairs on the upper side of the distal end of the tail, although this feature is present in D. cristicauda, D. archeri, D. hillieri and D. woolleyae. [2] The brush-tailed mulgara has a brush of black hairs along the final two-thirds of the tail, though this is now no longer considered a unique feature. [2] The species also have a slightly different dental formation, which is difficult to observe in live animals, and the brush-tailed mulgara has six nipples while the crest-tailed mulgara has eight.

Distribution

Mulgaras are distributed through the arid regions of Australia where they live in short burrows.[ citation needed ]

Conservation status

The crest-tailed mulgara, previously referred to as the Ampurta, is listed as vulnerable. [6]

Torpor

All species of mulgaras use torpor daily. Studies have shown they use torpor in the wild and in the lab setting. In contrast to most other mammals, mulgaras increase their use of torpor during pregnancy. By conserving energy with torpor, pregnant females can increase their body mass, but it seems they use it to increase fat storage, for lactation later. Pregnant females and breeding males both use torpor during the winter. Free-ranging males, however, only display torpor briefly during the reproductive season, and instead increase their use of torpor after the breeding season is over. [7]

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crest-tailed mulgara</span> Species of marsupial

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brush-tailed mulgara</span> Species of marsupial

The brush-tailed mulgara, previously the mulgara Dasycercus cristicauda is a medium sized carnivorous Australian marsupial species weighing approximately 100 g (3.5 oz). The brush-tailed mulgara is sexually dimorphic with males being much larger than females. Their body length is 12 to 17 cm, and tail length is 6–10 cm (2.4–3.9 in). They store fat in their tail which at times can be over 16 mm (0.63 in) wide at the base.

Patricia Woolley is Australian zoologist recognised for her work with marsupials, specifically the dasyurid family. Pseudantechinus woolleyae is named for her.

The southern mulgara is a newly described, potentially extinct, species of mulgara. The species is named after Australian palaeontologist Michael Archer, who contributed to many Australian palaeontological and mammalian discoveries.

The northern mulgara is a newly described, and potentially extinct, species of mulgara. The species is named after Dr. Patricia Woolley who previously worked on the genus Dasycercus, and has worked extensively with Australian dasyurids.

The little mulgara is a newly described species of mulgara. The species is named posthumously after Basil Marlow the Australian mammalogist and former curator of mammals at the Australian Museum.

References

  1. Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 24. ISBN   0-801-88221-4. OCLC   62265494.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Newman-Martin, Jake; Travouillon, Kenny J.; et al. (2023). "Taxonomic review of the genus Dasycercus (Dasyuromorphia: Dasyuridae) using modern and subfossil material; and the description of three new species". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 47 (4): 624–661. Bibcode:2023Alch...47..624N. doi: 10.1080/03115518.2023.2262083 .
  3. Chris Pavey; Jeff Cole; John Woinarski (2005). "THREATENED SPECIES OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORY BRUSH-TAILED MULGARA" (PDF). Parks and Wildlife Commission, Northern Territory. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
  4. Woolley, P.A. (2005). "The species of Dasycercus Peters, 1875 (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)". Memoirs of Museum Victoria. 62 (2): 213–221. doi: 10.24199/j.mmv.2005.62.8 .
  5. Woolley, P.A. (1995). "Mulgara". In Ronald Strahan (ed.). The Mammals of Australia. Reed Books. pp. 55–56.
  6. "Mulgaras | Western Australian Museum".
  7. McAllan, B. M., Geiser, F. (2018). Torpor During Reproduction in Mammals and Birds: Balancing Energy Expenditure for Survival (second ed.). Academic Press: Elsevier. pp. 757–763. ISBN   9780128118993 . Retrieved 4 May 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)