Mylohyoid nerve

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Mylohyoid nerve
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Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (Label for mylohyoid nerve is at bottom center.)
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Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, seen from the middle line. The small figure is an enlarged view of the otic ganglion. (Label "to mylohyoid" at bottom left.)
Details
From Inferior alveolar nerve
Innervates Mylohyoid muscle, anterior belly of digastric muscle
Identifiers
Latin nervus mylohyoideus
TA98 A14.2.01.090
TA2 6275
FMA 53247
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

The mylohyoid nerve (or nerve to mylohyoid) is a mixed nerve of the head. It is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve. It provides motor innervation the mylohyoid muscle, and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. It provides sensory innervation to part of the submental area, and sometimes also the mandibular (lower) molar teeth, requiring local anaesthesia for some oral procedures.

Contents

Structure

Origin

The mylohyoid nerve is a mixed (motor-sensory) [1] branch of the inferior alveolar nerve (which is a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) that is itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)). [2] [1] It arises just before it enters the mandibular foramen. [1]

Course

It pierces the sphenomandibular ligament. [3] It descends in a groove on the deep surface of the ramus of the mandible. When it reaches the under surface of the mylohyoid muscle, it gives branches to the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. [1]

Distribution

Motor

The mylohyoid nerve supplies the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. [2] [1]

Sensory

It provides sensory innervation to the skin of the centre of the submental area. [4] It may also provide some sensory innervation to the mandibular (lower) molar teeth. [5]

Clinical significance

The mylohyoid nerve needs to be blocked during local anaesthesia of the mandibular (lower) teeth to prevent pain during oral procedures. [5] [6] It may not be anaesthetised during a block of the inferior alveolar nerve, causing pain. [1]

Additional images

References

PD-icon.svgThis article incorporates text in the public domain from page 896 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bennett, Sam; Townsend, Grant (2001). "Distribution Of The Mylohyoid Nerve: Anatomical Variability And Clinical Implications" . Australian Endodontic Journal. 27 (3): 109–111. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4477.2001.tb00470.x. ISSN   1747-4477. PMID   12360663.
  2. 1 2 Hallinan, James T. P. D.; Sia, David S. Y.; Yong, Clement; Chong, Vincent (2018). "Chapter 3 - The Sphenoid Bone". Skull Base Imaging. Elsevier. pp. 39–64. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-48563-0.00003-9. ISBN   978-0-323-48563-0.
  3. ↑ Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). p. 364. ISBN   978-0-7295-3752-0.
  4. ↑ Iwanaga, Joe; Ibaragi, Soichiro; Okui, Tatsuo; Divi, Vasu; Ohyama, Yoshio; Watanabe, Koichi; Kusukawa, Jingo; Tubbs, R. Shane (2022-08-01). "Cutaneous branch of the nerve to the mylohyoid muscle: Potential cause of postoperative sensory alteration in the submental area" . Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger. 243: 151934. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151934. ISSN   0940-9602. PMID   35307555. S2CID   247543350.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  5. 1 2 Ferneini, Elie M.; Bennett, Jeffrey D. (2016). "32 - Anesthetic Considerations in Head, Neck, and Orofacial Infections". Head, Neck, and Orofacial Infections - A Multidisciplinary Approach. Elsevier Science. pp. 422–437. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-28945-0.00032-6. ISBN   978-0-323-28945-0.
  6. ↑ Gulabivala, K.; Ng, Y.-L. (2014). "10 - Management of acute emergencies and traumatic dental injuries". Endodontics (4th ed.). Mosby. pp. 264–284. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-3155-7.00010-2. ISBN   978-0-7020-3155-7.
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