Names of Seoul

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An early 20th century trading card from Germany, using an alternate spelling of Seoul, with "o" for "eo". Tor des Kaiser - Palastes in Soul.jpg
An early 20th century trading card from Germany, using an alternate spelling of Seoul, with "ö" for "eo".

Seoul, the capital of South Korea, has been called by a number of formal and informal names over time.

Contents

It was called Wiryeseong (위례성;慰禮城) or Hanseong (한성;漢城) in the Baekje period (18 BC – 660 AD), Bukhansangun (Korean : 북한산군; Hanja : 北漢山郡) in the Goguryeo period (37 BC – 668 AD), Hanyang in the Northern and Southern States period (698–926), Namgyeong (남경;南京) in the Goryeo period (918–1392), Hanyangbu (한양부;漢陽府) under Mongol rule (1270–1356), and Hanseong (한성;漢城) or Hanyang (한양;漢陽) in the Joseon period (1392–1897).

During the Joseon era, it started to be called Seoul by the public. In the middle of Joseon era, Hanseong and Hanyang were almost replaced by Seoul and remained only formal names. [1] During the period of Japanese colonial rule, Seoul was referred to by the Japanese exonym Keijō (京城), or the Korean reading of that name Gyeongseong. After World War II and Korea's liberation, the city officially adopted its current name. [2]

Etymology of "Seoul"

Seoul is a rendering of the Korean word "seo'ul" (서울), pronounced [səˈul]. An etymological hypothesis is that the origin of the native word "seo'ul" derives from the native name Seorabeol (서라벌;徐羅伐), [3] which originally referred to Gyeongju, the capital of Silla, which was then called Geumseong (금성;金城). [4]

Gyeongseong

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References

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Gyeongseong