National question (Quebec)

Last updated August 20, 2025

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The national question (in French : la question nationale) is an expression referring to the discussion about the future status of Quebec within Canada, taking into consideration issues of autonomy, sovereignty, and independence.

Various political positions in answer to the national question
See also
Nationalism
Sovereigntism
Federalism

Various political positions in answer to the national question

Quebec sovereignty movement
- Independence with an economic union with Canada
- Independence without an economic union with Canada
Quebec federalism
- Further autonomy within the Canadian federation, along with national recognition as a distinct society and autonomous province separate from other provinces in country
- Asymmetrical federalism
- Status quo

v t e Politics of Quebec
Lieutenant Governor	J. Michel Doyon Former lieutenant-governors
Premier	François Legault Former premiers Premiers by time in office Cabinet Government departments
Opposition Leader	Marwah Rizqy Former opposition leaders
Speaker of the Assembly	Nathalie Roy Former speakers
Legislature	Current assembly Former assemblies Government House Leader
Political parties	Coalition Avenir Québec Parti libéral du Québec Québec solidaire Parti Québécois Parti conservateur du Québec Bloc pot Changement Intégrité pour notre Québec Citoyens au pouvoir du Québec Équipe autonomiste Nouveau Parti démocratique du Québec Parti unité nationale Parti indépendantiste Parti culinaire du Québec Parti équitable Parti marxiste-léniniste du Québec Parti nul Parti vert du Québec Parti 51
Elections	2022 Quebec general election 2018 Quebec general election 2014 Quebec general election 2012 Quebec general election Electoral districts Referendums on independence 1980 1995
Current issues	Quebec nationalism National question Quebec federalism Quebec autonomism Quebec sovereignty 2012 Quebec student protests
Other Canadian politics	Federal BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PEI NL YU NT NU

v t e Canadian identity
Culture of Canada Canadian cultural protectionism Demographics of Canada Canadian values
National identities in Canada	Canadians Canadian ethnicity Canadian nationalism Quebec nationalism culture of Quebec Western alienation Alberta separatism Annexationism Anti-Americanism
Symbols	National Provincial and territorial Royal Flags Heraldry Debates and legislation: Name (1867) Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946 National Anthem Act (1980) Debate on the monarchy in Canada monarchism and republicanism Great Flag debate (1963–1964)
Culture	Culture of Canada Canadiana Sports: ice hockey lacrosse Cuisine: maple syrup poutine Festivals: Calgary Stampede Carnaval Media of Canada Architecture of Canada Canadian humour Music of Canada
Landmarks, parks and nature	National parks Winter in Canada Niagara Falls CN Tower Parliament Hill Chateau Frontenac Plains of Abraham Banff Canadian Rockies
War and peacekeeping	Canadian Armed Forces List of Canadian peacekeeping missions War of 1812 Canada in World War I Canada in World War II Canada in the Cold War Canada and the Vietnam War Canada in the Korean War Canada in the War in Afghanistan
Crown corporations	Government of Canada CBC Bank of Canada Royal Canadian Mint Royal Canadian Mounted Police VIA Rail Canada Inc
Relations between English and French Canada	Acadian movement Great Upheaval Anti-Quebec sentiment National question (Quebec) Quebec sovereignty movement Federalism in Quebec Two Solitudes Distinct society État québécois: Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms Charter of the French Language Civil Code of Quebec Notable events: Lower Canada Rebellion (1837–1838) Durham Report (1839) Trial of Louis Riel (1885) Manitoba Schools Question (1890–1896) Regulation 17 (1912) Conscription Crisis of 1917 Conscription Crisis of 1944 Quiet Revolution Vive le Québec libre speech (1967) October Crisis (1970) 1980 Quebec referendum 1995 Quebec referendum Unity Rally Sponsorship scandal (1996–2004) Québécois nation motion (2006)
Language politics	Official bilingualism in Canada Gendron Commission Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories legal dispute over Quebec's language policy Official bilingualism in the public service of Canada Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism Timeline of official languages policy in Canada
Federal–Provincial– Territorial relations	Province-building Rebellions of 1837–1838 Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations (1937–1940) Royal Commission of Inquiry on Constitutional Problems (1953–1956) Patriation debate (1960s to 1982) Fulton–Favreau formula (to 1965) Canada Act 1982 and Constitution Act, 1982 Canada Health Act (1984) Victoria Charter (1971) Meech Lake Accord (1987–1990) Citizen's Forum on National Unity (1990–1991) Charlottetown Accord (1992) Calgary Declaration (1997)
Aboriginal politics	National organizations Métis Red River Rebellion (1869) North-West Rebellion (1885) Indian Act (1876–present) Indian Register Oka Crisis (1990) Self-Government Inuit territories Inuvialuit (1984) NunatuKavut claimed Nunavik (no final agreement) Nunavut agreement 1993 First Nations territories Eeyou Istchee James Bay Nitassinan claimed Royal Commission (1991–1996) 2020 Canadian pipeline and railway protests
International relationships	NATO Canada–United States relations CUSMA NORAD Canada–United Kingdom relations Commonwealth of Nations British Empire Canada–France relations La Francophonie Canada (New France)
Current challenges	COVID-19 pandemic in Canada Canadian property bubble

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National question (Quebec)

Contents

Various political positions in answer to the national question

See also

Nationalism

Sovereigntism

Federalism