Nitridosilicate

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The nitridosilicates are chemical compounds that have anions with nitrogen bound to silicon. Counter cations that balance the electric charge are mostly electropositive metals from the alkali metals, alkaline earths or rare earth elements. Silicon and nitrogen have similar electronegativities, so the bond between them is covalent. Nitrogen atoms are arranged around a silicon atom in a tetrahedral arrangement. [1]

Contents

Related compounds include pnictogenidosilicates :phosphidosilicates, arsenidosilicates and antimonosilicates; pnictogenidogernamates: phosphidogermanates. By replacing silicon, there are also nitridogermanates, nitridostannates, nitridotantalates and nitridotitanates.

Use

Nitridosilicates are used as host substances for europium in LED phosphors. Examples include CASN (calcium aluminium silicide nitride) (CaAlSiN3), SCASN (SrCaAlSiN3) and SCSN (SrCaSiN3). These fluoresce red. [2]

Production

Nitridosilicates can be made in a solid state reaction by heating silicon nitride with metallic nitrides in a nitrogen atmosphere at over 1300°C. If the mixtures are exposed to oxygen or air, then oxides or oxynitridosilicates are produced instead. Instead of metal nitrides, ammine complexes, amides or imides can be used instead. In place of the highly stable silicon nitride, silicon diimide can be used. [3] Carbothermal reduction involves using a metal oxide or carbonate heated with carbon in a nitrogen atmosphere. [4]

Properties

The ratio of silicon to nitrogen varies from 1:4 to 7:10 (0.25 to 0.7) with increased condensation, and fewer sites for metals with high silicon content. At a ratio of 3:4 (0.75) there is no longer capacity for metal, as that is silicon nitride. [5] The more condensed substances, with lower nitrogen content, have greater number of silicon atoms surrounding the nitrogen. This coordination number can vary from one to four, with the most common being three. The silicon atom always is coordinated by four nitrogen atoms. In the silicates, silicon is surrounded by four oxygen atoms, but each oxygen is only connected to one or two silicon atoms, and only very rarely three. So nitridosilicates can form more diverse structures than the silicates. [6]

Nitridosilicates with higher proportion of silicon (more condensed) are more resistant to attack by water and oxygen, and so can be exposed to the atmosphere without decomposition. [6] These condensed nitridosilicates are mechanically strong, and resistant to heat, acids and alkalis. [1]

SiN4 tetrahedra can be connected to each other via vertices or edges. This differs from SiO4 which only connects via vertices. [1]

Use

Nitridosilicates have been used to make abrasives, turbine blades, cutting tools and phosphors. [4]

Nitridosilicates

nameformulaformula

weight

crystal

system

space

group

unit cellvolumedensitycommentsref
LiSi2N3 [5]
Li2SiN2 [7]
Li5SiN3 [7]
Li8SiN4 [8]
Li18Si3N10 [7]
Li21Si3N11I4a=9.4584 c=9.5194antifluorite structure [7]
BeSiN2 [9]
MgSiN2 [5]
NaSi2N3 [9]
Ca2Si5N8332.64monoclinicCca = 14.3280 b = 5.61165 c = 9.69406 β = 112.1484 Z=4721.923.06Eu orange fluorescence [5] [10] [4]
CaSiN2 [5]
Ca3SiN3HmonoclinicC2/ca = 5.236 b = 10.461 c = 16.389 β = 91.182° Z = 8semiconductor: band gap 3.1 eV [11]
Ca4SiN4 [5]
Ca5Si2N6 [5]
Ca12Si4[SiN4]triclinicP1a 9.0103 b 9.0218 c 13.8252 α 71.053° β 82.738° γ 69.763°black [12]
Ca16Si17N34 [5]
CaMg3SiN4I41/a [13]
Ca5[Si2Al2N8]orthorhombicPbcna = 9.255 b = 6.140 c = 15.578 [14]
LiCa3Si2N5monoclinicC2/ca = 5.145 b = 20.380 c = 10.357 β = 91.24° [15]
Li4Ca3Si2N6288.24monoclinicC2/ma=5.787 b=9.705 c=5.977 β=90.45335.72.852 [5] [16]
Li2CaSi2N4 [5]
Li2Ca2Mg2Si2N6 [5]
Li2Ca3MgSi2N6 [5]
CaMg3SiN4I41/aa = 11.424 c = 13.445 Z=16 [9]
CaAlSiN3orthorhombicCmc21Eu yellow fluorescence [17]
CaAlSi4N7orthorhombicPna21a = 11.6819, b = 21.0193, c = 4.9177 Å [18]
Ca4AlSiN5orthorhombicPna21a 11.2058 b 9.0512 c 6.0203faint red [12]
Ca5Al2Si2N8orthorhombicPbcaa= 9.255 b = 6.140 c = 15.578 Z=4885.23.171yellow [9] [19]
CaScSi4N7 [5]
Manganese silicide dinitrideMnSiN2orthorhombicPna21a = 5.271, b = 6.521, and c = 5.0706 V=174.26intense red [8]
Fe2Si5N8364.23monoclinicCca= 14.0408 b = 5.32635 c = 9.5913 β = 110.728 Z=4decompose 1370K; brown [10]
ZnSiN2 [9]
SrSiN2 [5]
Sr2Si5N8orthorhombicPmn21a = 5.71006 b = 6.81914 c = 9.33599 Z=2363.523.908Eu red fluorescence [5] [4] [20]
SrSi6N8 [5]
SrSi7N10 [18]
Sr5Si7P2N16920.83Pnmaa=5.6748 b=28.0367 c=9.5280 Z=41522.14.018 [21]
SrAlSi4N7orthorhombicPna21a = 11.742 b = 21.391 c = 4.966 Z = 81247.2 [22]
Li2SrSi2N4cubica=10.69 Z=121220 [5] [23]
Li4Sr3Si2N6monoclinicC2/ma = 6.127, b = 9.687, c = 6.220, β = 90.24° Z=2369.13.876 [16]
SrBeSi2N4p62ca=4.86082 c=9.42264 Z=2 [24]
SrMg3SiN4I41/aa = 11.495 c = 13.512 Z=16 [9] [13]
Sr8Mg7Si9N22Cma 15.280 b 7.4691 c 10.936 β 110.462° [25]
SrAlSiN3Cmc21 [17]
SrAlSi4N7Pna21 [18]
SrScSi4N7 [5]
YScSi4N6ChexagonalP63mca=5.9109 c=9.677 [26]
CaYSi4N7 [5]
SrYSi4N7 [5]
Ca8In2SiN4orthorhombicIbama = 12.904 b = 9.688 c = 10.899 Z = 4metallic [11]
BaSiN2 [5]
Ba5Si2N6 [9]
Ba2Si5N8orthorhombicPmn21Eu red fluorescence [5] [4]
BaSi6N8Imm2a = 7.9316, b = 9.3437, c = 4.8357, Z = 2358.38 [5] [27]
BaSi7N10monoclinica = 6.8729, b = 6.7129, c = 9.6328, β = 106.269, Z = 2most condensed [5] [28]
Ba6Si6N10O2(CN2)P6a = 16.255, c = 5.469, Z = 3yellow, grown in liquid sodium [29]
BaMg3SiN4P1a = 3.451 b = 6.069 c = 6.101 α = 85.200 β = 73.697 γ = 73.566° Z=1 [30]
Ba2AlSi5N9triclinicP1a = 9.860 b = 10.320 c = 10.346 α = 90.37° β = 118.43° γ = 103.69° Z = 4 [31]
Ba5Si11Al7N25Pnnma = 9.5923, b = 21.3991, c = 5.8889 Å Z = 2with Eu yellow emission [32]
BaSi4Al3N9P21/Ca = 5.8465, b = 26.726, c = 5.8386 Å, β = 118.897° and Z = 4with Eu blue emission [32]
BaScSi4N7 [5]
BaYSi4N7 [5]
LaSi3N5 [5]
La3Si6N11 [5]
La5Si3N9 [9]
La7Si6N15 [9]
Li5La5Si4N12tetragonalP4b2a = 11.043 c = 5.573 Z = 2 [33]
calcium lanthanum nitridosilicateCaLaSiN3Ca can be substituted by Yb or Eu [34]
CaLaSi4N7 [5]
CeSi3N5 [9]
Ce3Si6N11 [9]
Ce3Si5N9 [9]
Ce7Si6N15triclinic [9]
Ce7Si6N15trigonal [9]
Li5Ce5Si4N12tetragonalP4b2a = 10.978 c = 5.514 Z = 2 [33]
Pr3Si6N11 [9]
Pr5Si3N9 [9]
Pr7Si6N15 [9]
Ba2Nd7Si11N23dark blue [35]
Sm3Si6M11 [9]
Ca3Sm3[Si9N17]cubicP4_3ma=7.3950; Z=1404.4 [36]
Eu2SiN3Cmcaa = 5.42, b = 10.610, c = 11.629, Z = 8 [9] [37]
dieuropium penta siliconoctanitrideEu2Si5N8orthorhombicPnm21a=5.7094 b=6.8207 c=9.3291 Z=2363.295.087red [9] [38]
EuMg3SiN4I41/aa = 11.511 c = 13.552 Z=16 [13]
Ca3Yb3[Si9N17]cubicP4_3ma=730.20 Z=1389.3 [36]
BaYbSi4N7includes NSi4 clusters [9] [39]
europium ytterbium tetrasiliconheptanitrideEuYbSi4N7hexagonalP63mca=5.9822 c=9.7455302.035.887brown [9] [38]
SrYbSi4N7 [9]
EuYbSi4N7 [9]
CaLuSi4N7 [5]
SrLuSi4N7 [5]
BaLuSi4N7 [5]
Pb2Si5N8666.90orthorhombicPmn21a = 5.774 b = 6.837 c = 9.350269.116.001Pb-Pb dumbbells [20]

Related Research Articles

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Triphosphorus pentanitride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula P3N5. Containing only phosphorus and nitrogen, this material is classified as a binary nitride. While it has been investigated for various applications this has not led to any significant industrial uses. It is a white solid, although samples often appear colored owing to impurities.

The nitridoborates are chemical compounds of boron and nitrogen with metals. These compounds are typically produced at high temperature by reacting hexagonal boron nitride with metal nitrides or by metathesis reactions involving nitridoborates. A wide range of these compounds have been made involving lithium, alkaline earth metals and lanthanides, and their structures determined using crystallographic techniques such as X-ray crystallography. Structurally one of their interesting features is the presence of polyatomic anions of boron and nitrogen where the geometry and the B–N bond length have been interpreted in terms of π-bonding.

The phosphidosilicates or phosphosilicides are inorganic compounds containing silicon bonded to phosphorus and one or more other kinds of elements. In the phosphosilicates each silicon atom is surrounded by four phosphorus atoms in a tetrahedron. The triphosphosilicates have a SiP3 unit, that can be a planar triangle like carbonate CO3. The phosphorus atoms can be shared to form different patterns e.g. [Si2P6]10− which forms pairs, and [Si3P7]3− which contains two-dimensional double layer sheets. [SiP4]8− with isolated tetrahedra, and [SiP2]2− with a three dimensional network with shared tetrahedron corners. SiP clusters can be joined, not only by sharing a P atom, but also by way of a P-P bond. This does not happen with nitridosilicates or plain silicates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydromelonic acid</span> Chemical compound

Hydromelonic acid, is an elusive chemical compound with formula C
9
H
3
N
13
or (HNCN)
3
(C
6
N
7
)
, whose molecule would consist of a heptazine H3(C
6
N
7
)
molecule, with three cyanamido groups H–N=C=N– or N≡C–NH– substituted for the hydrogen atoms.

In chemistry, a hydridonitride is a chemical compound that contains both hydride and nitride ions. These inorganic compounds are distinct from inorganic amides and imides as the hydrogen does not share a bond with nitrogen, and usually contain a larger proportion of metals.

The inorganic imide is an inorganic chemical compound containing

Nitride fluorides containing nitride and fluoride ions with the formula NF4-. They can be electronically equivalent to a pair of oxide ions O24-. Nitride fluorides were discovered in 1996 by Lavalle et al. They heated diammonium technetium hexafluoride to 300 °C to yield TcNF. Another preparation is to heat a fluoride compound with a nitride compound in a solid state reaction. The fluorimido ion is F-N2- and is found in a rhenium compound.

A selenite fluoride is a chemical compound or salt that contains fluoride and selenite anions. These are mixed anion compounds. Some have third anions, including nitrate, molybdate, oxalate, selenate, silicate and tellurate.

The oxonitridosilicates, also called sions or silicon-oxynitrides are inorganic ceramic compounds in which oxygen and nitrogen atoms are bound to a silicon atom. A common variant also has aluminium replacing some silicon. They can be considered as silicates in which nitrogen partially replaces oxygen, or as nitridosilicates with oxygen partly replacing nitrogen.

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