Oenothera deltoides | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Myrtales |
Family: | Onagraceae |
Genus: | Oenothera |
Species: | O. deltoides |
Binomial name | |
Oenothera deltoides | |
Subspecies [2] | |
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Oenothera deltoides is a species of evening primrose known by several common names, including birdcage evening primrose, basket evening primrose, lion in a cage, and devil's lantern. It is native to the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it grows in sandy habitats from desert to beach.
The plant is grayish with basal, deltoid leaves. The large white flowers turn pinkish as they mature. When the plants die, the stems curl upward and form the "birdcage" for which the common name is derived.
Oenothera deltoides was scientifically describe and named by John Torrey and John C. Frémont in 1845. It is part of the genus Oenothera in the family Onagraceae. [2]
According to Plants of the World Online (POWO) it has six [subspecies]]. [2] One of these, the Antioch Dunes Evening Primrose (ssp. howellii), is a federally listed endangered species known from a few sandy spots in the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge just inland from the San Francisco Bay Area in California. [3]
Oenothera caespitosa is very similar, but lacks stems and has slightly larger flowers. [4]
Oenothera deltoides has 17 synonyms of the species or one of its subspecies according to POWO. [2] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Name | Year | Rank | Synonym of: | Notes |
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Anogra deltoidea(Torr. & Frém.) Small | 1896 | species | O. deltoides | ≡ hom. |
Anogra simplexSmall | 1896 | species | subsp. ambigua | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera albicaulis var. decumbensS.Watson | 1875 | variety | subsp. ambigua | = het. |
Oenothera ambiguaS.Watson | 1879 | species | subsp. ambigua | ≡ hom., nom. illeg. |
Oenothera deltoides var. ambiguaMunz | 1931 | variety | subsp. ambigua | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera deltoides var. cineracea(Jeps.) Munz | 1931 | variety | subsp. deltoides | = het. |
Oenothera deltoides var. cognata(Jeps.) Munz | 1931 | variety | subsp. cognata | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera deltoides var. decumbens(S.Watson) Munz | 1932 | variety | subsp. ambigua | = het. |
Oenothera deltoides f. floccosaMunz | 1931 | form | subsp. deltoides | = het. |
Oenothera deltoides f. glabrataMunz | 1931 | form | subsp. deltoides | = het. |
Oenothera deltoides var. howelliiMunz | 1949 | variety | subsp. howellii | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera deltoides var. piperiMunz | 1931 | variety | subsp. piperi | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera deltoides var. typicaMunz | 1931 | variety | O. deltoides | ≡ hom., not validly publ. |
Oenothera kleiniiW.L.Wagner & S.W.Mill | 1984 | species | subsp. deltoides | = het. |
Oenothera simplex(Small) Tidestr. | 1935 | species | subsp. ambigua | ≡ hom., nom. illeg. |
Oenothera trichocalyx var. cineraceaJeps. | 1925 | variety | subsp. deltoides | = het. |
Oenothera trichocalyx var. cognataJeps. | 1925 | variety | subsp. cognata | ≡ hom. |
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym ; = heterotypic synonym |