Oenothera elata | |
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Oenothera elata subsp. hookeri | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Myrtales |
Family: | Onagraceae |
Genus: | Oenothera |
Species: | O. elata |
Binomial name | |
Oenothera elata | |
Subspecies [2] | |
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Oenothera elata is a species of Oenothera known by the common name Hooker's evening primrose or tall evening primrose. Subspecies include hookeri, hirsutissima, longisima, jamesii, villosa and elata. [3] It is native to much of western and central North America. The plants are quite tall, especially the hookeri subspecies, native to California, which can reach about 1.8 meters (6 feet) height. [4] The plants are found along roadsides, in moist meadows, or in woodland, from sea level up to 9,000 ft (2,700 m) in elevation. [5]
The stout, usually reddish stem has many long, narrow leaves, above a basal rosette. At its top is a large, open cluster of 2- to 4-inch wide yellow flowers with 4 large petals and protruding yellow stamens and 4-branched pistil, often covered in sticky pollen. The fragrant flowers open at dusk and wilt the next morning, turning orange or red. [5]
Oenothera elata was scientifically described and given its accepted name by Carl Sigismund Kunth in 1823. [2] It has 50 synonyms of the species or one of its three subspecies according to Plants of the World Online. [2] [6] [7] [8]
Name | Year | Rank | Synonym of: | Notes |
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Oenothera biennis f. hookeri(Torr. & A.Gray) B.Boivin | 1966 | form | subsp. hookeri | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera biennis var. hirsutissimaA.Gray ex S.Watson | 1873 | variety | subsp. hirsutissima | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera biennis var. hookeri(Torr. & A.Gray) B.Boivin | 1967 | variety | subsp. hookeri | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera communis var. hookeri(Torr. & A.Gray) H.Lév. | 1909 | variety | subsp. hookeri | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera corymbosaSims | 1818 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het., nom. illeg. |
Oenothera elata var. hirsutissima(A.Gray) Cronquist | 1997 | variety | subsp. hirsutissima | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera elata subsp. texensisW.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner | 1987 | subspecies | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera franciscanaBartlett | 1914 | species | subsp. hookeri | = het. |
Oenothera grisea(Bartlett) Rostański | 1985 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het., nom. illeg. |
Oenothera guttata(Greene ex R.R.Gates) R.R.Gates | 1933 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het., nom. illeg. |
Oenothera hewettiiCockerell | 1919 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera hirsutissima(A.Gray ex S.Watson) de Vries | 1901 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera hookeriTorr. & A.Gray | 1840 | species | subsp. hookeri | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera hookeri subsp. angustifolia(R.R.Gates) Munz | 1949 | subspecies | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera hookeri var. angustifoliaR.R.Gates | 1915 | variety | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera hookeri subsp. euhookeriMunz | 1949 | subspecies | subsp. hookeri | ≡ hom., not validly publ. |
Oenothera hookeri var. euhookeriMunz | 1949 | variety | subsp. hookeri | ≡ hom., not validly publ. |
Oenothera hookeri var. franciscana(Bartlett) R.R.Gates | 1957 | variety | subsp. hookeri | = het. |
Oenothera hookeri subsp. grisea(Bartlett) Munz | 1949 | subspecies | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera hookeri subsp. hewettiiCockerell | 1913 | subspecies | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera hookeri var. hewettii(Cockerell) R.R.Gates | 1957 | variety | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera hookeri subsp. hirsutissima(A.Gray ex S.Watson) Munz | 1949 | subspecies | subsp. hirsutissima | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera hookeri var. hirsutissima(A.Gray ex S.Watson) Munz | 1939 | variety | subsp. hirsutissima | ≡ hom. |
Oenothera hookeri var. irrigua(Wooton & Standl.) R.R.Gates | 1915 | variety | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera hookeri subsp. montereyensisMunz | 1949 | subspecies | subsp. hookeri | = het. |
Oenothera hookeri var. montereyensis(Munz) Hoover | 1970 | variety | subsp. hookeri | = het. |
Oenothera hookeri subsp. ornata(A.Nelson) Munz | 1949 | subspecies | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera hookeri var. ornata(A.Nelson) Munz | 1949 | variety | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera hookeri var. semiglabraR.R.Gates | 1915 | variety | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera hookeri var. simsiana(Ser.) R.R.Gates | 1957 | variety | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera hookeri subsp. venusta(Bartlett) Munz | 1949 | subspecies | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera irriguaWooton & Standl. | 1913 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera jepsoniiGreene | 1891 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera macbrideae(A.Nelson) A.Heller | 1913 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera macbrideae var. ornata(A.Nelson) R.R.Gates | 1957 | variety | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera montereyensis(Munz) Rostański | 1985 | species | subsp. hookeri | = het. |
Oenothera ornata(A.Nelson) Rydb. | 1913 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera salicifoliaDesf. ex Lehm. | 1824 | species | subsp. elata | = het., nom. illeg. |
Oenothera simsianaSer. | 1828 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera spectabilisSpach | 1835 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het., nom. illeg. |
Oenothera venustaBartlett | 1914 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Oenothera venusta var. griseaBartlett | 1914 | variety | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Onagra elata(Kunth) Bartl. | 1838 | species | O. elata | ≡ hom. |
Onagra guttataGreene ex R.R.Gates | 1915 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Onagra hookeri(Torr. & A.Gray) Small | 1896 | species | subsp. hookeri | ≡ hom. |
Onagra kunthianaSpach | 1835 | species | subsp. elata | = het. |
Onagra macbrideaeA.Nelson | 1911 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Onagra ornataA.Nelson | 1911 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Onagra salicifoliaSpach | 1835 | species | subsp. elata | = het. |
Onagra spectabilisSpach | 1835 | species | subsp. hirsutissima | = het. |
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym ; = heterotypic synonym |
The Zuni people apply a poultice of the powdered flower of the hookeri subspecies and saliva at night to swellings. [9]