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The Zapotecs are an indigenous people of Mexico. The population is concentrated in the southern state of Oaxaca, but Zapotec communities also exist in neighboring states. The present-day population is estimated at approximately 400,000 to 650,000 persons, many of whom are monolingual in one of the native Zapotec languages and dialects. In pre-Columbian times, the Zapotec civilization was one of the highly developed cultures of Mesoamerica, which, among other things, included a system of writing. Many people of Zapotec ancestry have emigrated to the United States over several decades, and they maintain their own social organizations in the Los Angeles and Central Valley areas of California.
San Mateo Río Hondo is the name of a town and municipality in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. It is part of the Miahuatlán District in the south of the Sierra Sur Region.It is 2,300 meters above sea level. Known in the colonial era as "Tetequipa" in Nahuatl and "Yegoyoxi" in Zapotec, both names meaning "river of sand." As municipal seat San Mateo Río Hondo has governing jurisdiction over the following communities: Barranca Grande, El Campanario, El Cuachepil, El Encino, El Esfuerzo, El Manzanal, El Naranjal, El Progreso, El Tavel, Falda de Portillo, Horno de Cal, Jalatengo, La Concepción, La Doncella, La Floreña, La Victoria, Las Nubes, Las Tinas, Loma San Marcial, Miramar, Piedra Gentil, Pinabete, Ranchería Yogoló, Rancho Cañas, Rancho Cerezales, Rancho Madroño, Rancho Nuevo, Río Cuapinol, Río Grande, Río Molino, Río Pacífico, San Antonio, San Felipe (Manzanillo), San Ildefonso Ozolotepec, San José del Pacífico, San Melchor, San Pablo, Tres Cruces, Yogoló, and Zapotitlán. San Mateo Rio Hondo is divided into three areas: Nochixtlán district, Mixtecan region and San Mateo Sindihui. The municipality has three hills: La Postura, Zaniltepec and Cerro León. The weather is mostly cold and wet. The population is 3,495. The surface area is 81.96 km².
In Zapotec cultures of Oaxaca, a muxe is a person assigned male at birth who dresses and behaves in ways otherwise associated with women; they may be seen as a third gender.
The Zapotec languages are a group of around 50 closely related indigenous Mesoamerican languages that constitute a main branch of the Oto-Manguean language family and which is spoken by the Zapotec people from the southwestern-central highlands of Mexico. A 2020 census reports nearly half a million speakers, with the majority inhabiting the state of Oaxaca. Zapotec-speaking communities are also found in the neighboring states of Puebla, Veracruz, and Guerrero. Labor migration has also brought a number of native Zapotec speakers to the United States, particularly in California and New Jersey. Most Zapotec-speaking communities are highly bilingual in Spanish.
Isthmus Zapotec, also known as Juchitán Zapotec, is a Zapotecan language spoken in Tehuantepec and Juchitán de Zaragoza, in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. According to the census of 1990 it has about 85,000 native speakers, however this number is rapidly decreasing, as speakers shift to Spanish.
A macrolanguage is a book-keeping mechanism for the ISO 639 international standard of language codes. Macrolanguages are established to assist mapping between different sets of ISO language codes. Specifically, there may be a many-to-one correspondence between ISO 639-3, intended to identify all the thousands of languages of the world, and either of two other sets, ISO 639-1, established to identify languages in computer systems, and ISO 639-2, which encodes a few hundred languages for library cataloguing and bibliographic purposes. When such many-to-one ISO 639-2 codes are included in an ISO 639-3 context, they are called "macrolanguages" to distinguish them from the corresponding individual languages of ISO 639-3. According to the ISO,
Some existing code elements in ISO 639-2, and the corresponding code elements in ISO 639-1, are designated in those parts of ISO 639 as individual language code elements, yet are in a one-to-many relationship with individual language code elements in [ISO 639-3]. For purposes of [ISO 639-3], they are considered to be macrolanguage code elements.
The Zapotec civilization was an indigenous pre-Columbian civilization that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca in Mesoamerica. Archaeological evidence shows that their culture originated at least 2,500 years ago. The Zapotec archaeological site at the ancient city of Monte Albán has monumental buildings, ball courts, magnificent tombs and grave goods, including finely worked gold jewelry. Monte Albán was one of the first major cities in Mesoamerica. It was the center of a Zapotec state that dominated much of the territory which today is known as the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
The Zapotec script is the writing system of the Zapotec culture and represents one of the earliest writing systems in Mesoamerica. Rising in the late Pre-Classic era after the decline of the Olmec civilization, the Zapotecs of present-day Oaxaca built an empire around Monte Albán. One characteristic of Monte Albán is the large number of carved stone monuments one encounters throughout the plaza. There and at other sites, archaeologists have found extended text in a glyphic script.
San Juan Ozolotepec is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 117.38 km². It is part of the Miahuatlán District in the south of the Sierra Sur Region.
San Marcial Ozolotepec is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 53.58 km². It is part of the Miahuatlán District in the south of the Sierra Sur Region.
Miahuatlán District is located in the south of the Sierra Sur Region of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Lachixío Zapotec is a Zapotec language of Oaxaca, Mexico. It is spoken in the Sola de Vega District by around 3000 speakers in Santa María Lachixío and San Vicente Lachixío. While many other Zapotec languages have suffered major language shifts to Spanish, most children in these towns are raised with Zapotec and learn Spanish at an early age.
Tlacolula Valley Zapotec or Valley Zapotec, known by its regional name Dizhsa, and formerly known by the varietal name Guelavia Zapotec is a Zapotec language of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Zaachila Zapotec is a small Zapotec language of Oaxaca, Mexico. It is perhaps a dialect of Yatzeche Zapotec, which is 85% intelligible to Zaachila speakers. Tilquiapan Zapotec is 75% intelligible, 72% of San Juan Guelavía to Zaachila speakers.
Elotepec Zapotec is a Zapotec language of a single village in western Oaxaca, Mexico, San Juan Elotepec in the Municipio of Villa Sola de Vega. It is one of several Zapotec languages called Papabuco, and has 68% intelligibility of Zaniza Zapotec.
Yatee Zapotec and Lachirioag Zapotec are dialects of a Zapotec language of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Ixtlán Zapotec is a Zapotec dialect cluster of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Coatecas Altas Zapotec is a Zapotec language spoken in southern Oaxaca, Mexico, in and around the town of Coatecas Altas, in the Ejutla District, south of Oaxaca City. It is 83% intelligible with Ozolotepec Zapotec, and similar to Miahuatlán Zapotec.
Ozolotepec may refer to:
References
- ↑ Ozolotepec Zapotec at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
