Chiapanec language

Last updated
Chiapanec
Native to Mexico
Region Chiapas
Ethnicity32 Chiapanec (1990)
Extinct ca. 2000? [1]
Oto-Mangue
Language codes
ISO 639-3 cip
Glottolog chia1262
ELP Chiapanec

Chiapanec is a presumably extinct indigenous Mexican language of the Oto-Manguean language family believed to have been spoken by the Chiapanec people in the Central Depression of the Mexican state of Chiapas, especially in Chiapa de Corzo. It is closely related to the Mangue language spoken further to the south in Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

Contents

The 1990 census [2] reported 17 speakers of the language in southern Chiapas out of an ethnic population of 32, but later investigations failed to find any speakers. [3] There are, however, a number of written sources on the language. Vocabularies and grammars based on these materials include Aguilar Penagos (2012) and Carpio-Penagos and Álvarez-Vázquez (2014).

History

The Chiapanec people probably arrived in the Central Depression of Chiapas between the ninth and tenth centuries, taking over the previously Zoque city of Chiapa for which they are named. Chiapa became one of the most significant urban centers in what is now Chiapas, and was the capital of a state that came to control most of the Central Depression during the postclassic period. The Chiapanec people generally had bad relations with neighboring Zoque, Tzotzil, Tzeltal and Cabil communities, possibly owing to conflict over the trade route to Tehuantepec. Besides Chiapa, other Chiapanec settlements included Acala, Suchiapa, Chiapilla, Villaflores and Villa Corzo, [4] and likely Venustiano Carranza and Totolapa. Judging from a 1656 document, Huixtla spoke a language similar to Chiapanec. [5]

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive/
Affricate 		voiceless p t tʃ k ʔ
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Fricative s ʃ h
Nasal m n ɲ̊ ɲ
Flap ɾ
Glide w l j

Vowels

Four vowels are noted as /i, a, o, u/.

Samples

Alabado de la Santísima Cruz

I
Sea vendito y alavado [sic]
El Santísimo Sacramento.

II
Anamandiní ya camo,
Tula meja sig mimo.

III
Loju mejá londo mume
Musutá nembon dini yame yegu

IV
Bati chilijá y peja,
Cupatalá me tiche.

V
Numandimiyire y luju
pusa tangu
Peni memo.

VI
Muju llilaco
Tiché mupatmo
Santísimo coruce.

VII
Leju me londo mume,
Luju me londo mume,
Musutá cupango ume.

VIII
Chasi juluñacaji
Chasi juluñacaji
NAMEN JESOSE

I
Vendito y alavado sea el [sic]
Santísimo Sacramento.
(repeated)

II
Pozotá coyumbo chememo
Nav.ñan cleme
Navilla sigue reyna santa Elena

III
Copo Pa Chememo,
Muñun indiosis,
Ungutá Jesús de Nazareno

IV
Andilu ta chinda
Gua tiliji,
y pame cojime
Techi no mallarilú

(the four parts are repeated)

Lord's Prayer (1854)

Pua manguemé nilumá cané nacapajó totomomo copamime chambriomo chalayá guipumutamú gadilojá istanacapú cajilucá nacopajó; cajilo baña yacameomó nuorí maytarilú mindamú aguajimé Uá copomimemo taguajime nambucamic ñeme cuqueme gadilucá li memu, casimemu taguajime nambucamuñe me copá tipusitumu bi cá tipucapuimu muja rimimuñame mangue me Diusi mutarilu nitangamé chacuittamé caji Jesus. [6]

Notes

  1. ↑ Chiapanec at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed Access logo transparent.svg
  2. ↑ Ethnologue report for language code:cip
  3. ↑ LISTSERV 14.4 Archived October 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ↑ César Gallardo Vásquez, Julio (2024). Ja mejy jïts ja kojpk: Atlas de la conquista de la región mixe-zoque. p. 40.
  5. ↑ Campbell, Lyle (1988). The linguistics of Southeast Chiapas, Mexico. New World Archaeological Foundation, Brigham Young University. pp. 267–274.
  6. ↑ Campbell, Lyle (1988). The linguistics of Southeast Chiapas, Mexico. New World Archaeological Foundation, Brigham Young University. pp. 279–281.

Bibliography


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