| Pachymetopon | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bronze seabream (Pachymetopon grande) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Spariformes |
| Family: | Sparidae |
| Genus: | Pachymetopon Günther, 1859 |
| Type species | |
| Pachymetopon grande Günther, 1859 [1] | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Pachymetopon is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The species in this genus are endemic to Southern Africa.
Pachymetopon was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1859 by the German-born British herpetologist and ichthyologist Albert Günther when he described The bronze seabream (P. grande), [1] giving its type locality as the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. [2] This taxon is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World . [3] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Boopsinae, [4] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae. [3]
Pachymetopon combines pachy, meaning "thick", with metopon, which means "brow" or "forehead", a reference to the protuberance between the eyes of the type species, P. grande. [5]
Pachymetopon contains the following species: [6]
Pachymetopon seabreams are characterised by having plump bodies with small mouths whichhave pouting lips and are oblique when shut. There are 4 or 5 roews of incisor-like teetth in both jaws and no molar-like teeth. There are no scales between the eyes. The base of the fin membrane between the soft rays on the dorsal and anal fins have dense scaling but none of the fins have a scaly sheath at their base. [7] The largest species is the bronze seabream (P. grande) which has a maximum published total length of 65 cm (26 in), while the smallest is the Hottentot seabream (P blochii) with a maximum published total length of 46 cm (18 in). [6]
Pachymetopon seabreams are endemic to the waters off the coasts of South Africa in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean and the southwestern Indian Ocean. The most widespread species is the Hottentot seabream which ranges from Angola to Port Alfred in the Eastern Cape. The other two species are found in the southwestern Indian Ocean from Mozambique to Cape Point with the bronze seabream apparently being recorded off southern Madagascar. These fishes are found in rocky regions in shallow water less than 55 m (180 ft) in depth. [7]
Lithognathus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. Species in this genus are given the common name of steenbras. The genus is found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean from southwestern Europe to South Africa and into the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Boops is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. There are two species in this genus, one in the Western Atlantic and Mediterranean, and the other in the Western Indian Ocean.
Chrysoblephus gibbiceps, the red stumpnose, red stumpnose seabream or Miss Lucy, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off the coast of South Africa. The International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies this species as Endangered.
Diplodus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging the family Sparidae, a family containing the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the western Indian Ocean.
Acanthopagrus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.
Dentex is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The fishes in this genus are found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.
Cheimerius is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. The only species in the genus is Cheimerius nufar, the santer seabream, santer or soldier, of the Indian Ocean.
Crenidens is a small genus of three species of seabream from the family Sparidae from the western Indian Ocean. It was previously regarded as monotypic, with the sole species being the Karenteen sea bream Crenidens crenidens but two other species are now accepted as valid species, separate from the type species, C. crenidens.
The banded seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to Cape Verde in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Argyrozona is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and progies. Its only species is Argyrozona argyrozona, the carpenter seabream or doppie, which is endemic to the waters off southern South Africa.
Diplodus hottentotus, the zebra, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the Western Indian Ocean off Southern Africa.
Diplodus capensis, the Cape white seabream or blacktail seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found around the coasts of Southern Africa.
Argyrops is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the coasts of Indian Ocean and near Australia.
Chrysoblephus anglicus, the Englishman seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to Southern Africa.
Chrysoblephus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the western Indian Ocean and southeastern Atlantic Ocean.
Chrysoblephus cristiceps, the daggerhead seabream or dageraad, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean and southeastern Atlantic Ocean off South Africa. This species is assessed as being Critically Endangered bt the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Gymnocrotaphus is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The only species in the genus is the Gymnocrotophus curvidens, the Janbruin, an endemic to the coasts of South Africa.
Booposoidea is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. The only species in the genus is Boopsoidea inornata, the Fransmadam or Karel grootoog, which is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off South Africa.
Chrysoblephus lophus, the false red stumpnose or the false Englishman, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to the South African waters of the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Pachymetopon grande, the bronze seabream or blue hottentot, is a species of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean. It is an important spoecies for recreational fisheries in South Africa and for subsistence fisheries too.