Pantolesta

Pantolesta Temporal range: 63.8–29.0  Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N early Paleocene to middle Oligocene
restoration of Palaeosinopa didelphoides
fossil of Kopidodon macrognathus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Grandorder:	Ferungulata
Mirorder:	Ferae
Order:	† Pantolesta McKenna, 1975 [1]
Families
†Pantolestidae (paraphyletic family) †Paroxyclaenidae †Pentacodontidae

Pantolesta ("all robbers") is an extinct order of placental mammals from mirorder Ferae, that lived in North America, Asia and Europe from the early Paleocene to middle Oligocene. ^{[2] [3]} They are recognized as close relatives of clade Pholidotamorpha (pangolins and palaeanodonts), based on their postcranial similarities. ^{[4] [5] [6] [7]}

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

Order: †Pantolesta(McKenna, 1975) Family: †Pantolestidae (paraphyletic family)(Cope, 1884) Family: †Paroxyclaenidae (Weitzel, 1933) Family: †Pentacodontidae (Simpson, 1937)

References

1. McKenna, M. C. (1975). "Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia". In Luckett, W. P.; Szalay, F. S. (eds.). Phylogeny of the Primates. New York: Plenum. pp. 21–46.
2. L. Van Valen (1967.) "New Paleocene insectivores and insectivore classification." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 135(5):217-284
3. Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell: Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level in Columbia University Press, New York (1997), 631 Seiten. Pantolesta
4. Rose, Kenneth D.; Lucas, Spencer G. (2000). "An early Paleocene palaeanodont (Mammalia, ?Pholidota) from New Mexico, and the origin of Palaeanodonta". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (1): 139–156. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0139:AEPPMP]2.0.CO;2. ISSN   0272-4634.
5. Doug Boyer, Jonathan I. Bloch (2003.) "Comparative anatomy of the pentacodontid Aphronorus orieli (Mammalia: Pantolesta) from the Paleocene of the western Crazy Mountains basin, Montana", in "The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 63rd annual meeting"
6. Gregg F. Gunnell, Thomas Bown, Jonathan Ivan Bloch, Doug M. Boyer (2008.) "Proteutheria"; pp. 63–81 in C. M. Janis, G. F. Gunnell, and M. Uhen (eds.), "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 2: Small Mammals, Xenarthrans, and Marine Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
7. Rose, K. D. (2008.) "Palaeanodonta and Pholidota"; pp. 135–146 in C. M. Janis, G. F. Gunnell, and M. Uhen (eds.), "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 2: Small Mammals, Xenarthrans, and Marine Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.