Ectoganus

Ectoganus Temporal range: 57.8–50.5  Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N late Paleocene to early Eocene
head of Ectoganus gliriformis (Robert Bruce Horsfall, 1913)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	† Taeniodonta
Family:	† Stylinodontidae
Subfamily:	† Stylinodontinae
Tribe:	† Ectoganini Cope, 1876 [1]
Genus:	† Ectoganus Cope, 1874 [2]
Type species
†Ectoganus gliriformis Cope, 1874
Species
†E. bighornensis(Schoch, 1981) [3] †E. copei(Schoch, 1981) †E. gliriformis(Cope, 1874) †E. lobdelli(Simpson, 1929) [4]
Synonyms [5]
synonyms of genus: Calamodon(Cope, 1874) Conicodon(Cope, 1894) [6] Dryptodon(Marsh, 1876) [7] Lampadophorus(Patterson, 1949) [8] synonyms of species: E. bighornensis: Ectoganus copei bighornensis(Schoch, 1981) E. copei: Ectoganus copei copei(Schoch, 1981) E. gliriformis: Calamodon arcamaenus(Cope, 1874) Calamodon arcamnaeus(Wortman, 1897) [9] Calamodon arcamoenus(Cope, 1874) Calamodon novomehicanus(Cope, 1874) Calamodon simplex(Cope, 1874) Conicodon simplex(Cope, 1894) Dryptodon crassus(Marsh, 1876) Ectoganus gliriformis gliriformis(Schoch, 1981) Ectoganus novomehicanus(Cope, 1877) [10] Ectoganus simplex(Guthrie, 1967) [11] E. lobdelli: Ectoganus gliriformis lobdelli(Schoch, 1981) Lampadophorus expectatus(Patterson, 1949) Lampadophorus lobdelli(Patterson, 1949) Psittacotherium lobdelli(Simpson, 1929)

Ectoganus ("outside brightness") ^[12] is an extinct genus of taeniodonts from tribe Ectoganini within subfamily Stylinodontinae and family Stylinodontidae, that lived in North America from the Late Paleocene to Early Eocene. ^{[13] [14] [15] [16]}

Description

The schmelzmuster of Ectoganus teeth has one layer, while its Hunter-Schreger bands in its tooth enamel are poorly developed. Its enamel prisms are characterised by a keyhole pattern and an incomplete prism sheath. The dentine of Ectoganus follows the regular pattern of mammals. A thick layer of cementum covers the anterior and posterior walls of the teeth. ^[17]

Phylogeny

Placentalia	Atlantogenata Boreoeutheria † Palaeoryctida † Ambilestes † Procerberidae † Alveugena † Taeniodonta † Schowalteria † Conoryctidae † Onychodectidae † Stylinodontoidea † Stylinodontidae † Wortmaniinae † Stylinodontinae † Psittacotheriini † Stylinodontini †Ectoganini †Ectoganus †Ectoganus bighornensis †Ectoganus copei †Ectoganus gliriformis †Ectoganus lobdelli

References

1. Cope, E. D. (1876.) "On the Taeniodonta, a new group of Eocene mammals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Philadelphia 28:39.
2. Cope, Edward D. (1874). "Notes on the Eocene and Pliocene Lacustrine Formations of New Mexico, Including Descriptions of Certain New Species of Vertebrates". Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1874. Appendix FF.
3. R. M. Schoch (1981.) "Taxonomy and Biostratigraphy of the Early Tertiary Taeniodonta (Mammalia: Eutheria)" The Geological Society of America Bulletin, Part 2, v. 92
4. G. G. Simpson (1929.) "Third contribution to the Fort Union fauna at Bear Creek, Montana." American Museum Novitates 345
5. J. Alroy (2002.) "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."
6. E. D. Cope (1894.) "Schlosser on American Eocene Vertebrata in Switzerland." Am. Nat. 28: 585-94.
7. Othniel C. Marsh (1876.) "Notice of new Tertiary mammals, V." The American Journal of Science, Series 3 12: 401--404
8. Patterson, B. (1949.) "A new genus of taeniodonts from the late Paleocene." Fieldiana, Geol., 10: 41-42.
9. Wortman, J. L. (1897.) "The Ganodonta and their relationship to the Edentata." Bulletin of the AMNH; vol. 9, article 6
10. E. D. Cope (1877.) "Report upon the extinct Vertebrata obtained in New Mexico by parties of the expedition of 1874." Report upon United States Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian, in charge of First Lieut. G.M. Wheeler, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Vol. IV Paleontology, Part II, pp. 1-365. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
11. Daniel A. Guthrie (1967.) "The mammalian fauna of the Lysite Member, Wind River Formation (early Eocene) of Wyoming." Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 5:1-53
12. Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals. U.S. Government Printing Office.
13. Schoch, Robert M. (1986.) "Systematics, functional morphology and macroevolution of the extinct mammalian order Taeniodonta." Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, (42).
14. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN   978-0-231-11012-9 . Retrieved 16 March 2015.
15. S. G. Lucas, R. M. Schoch, and T. E. Williamson (1998.) "Taeniodonta". In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals", Cambridge University Press, 703 pages
16. "Ectoganus (Cope, 1874)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
17. Von Koenigswald, Wighart; Kalthoff, Daniela C.; Semprebon, Gina M. (2 December 2010). "The microstructure of enamel, dentine and cementum in advanced Taeniodonta (Mammalia) with comments on their dietary adaptations". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 30 (6): 1797–1804. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.521931. ISSN   0272-4634 . Retrieved 22 October 2025– via Taylor and Francis Online.