Atlantogenata

Atlantogenata Temporal range: Paleocene–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Infraclass:	Placentalia
Clade:	Atlantogenata Waddell et al, 1999 [1]
Subgroups
Superorder Afrotheria: Clade Afroinsectiphilia Clade Paenungulata Superorder Xenarthra: Order Cingulata (armadillos) Order Pilosa (anteaters, sloths)

Atlantogenata ("born around the Atlantic Ocean") ^[2] is a proposed clade (magnorder) of placental mammals containing the cohorts or superorders Xenarthra and Afrotheria. ^[1] These groups originated and radiated in the South American and African continents, respectively, presumably in the Cretaceous. Together with Boreoeutheria, they make up Placentalia. The monophyly of this grouping is supported by some genetic evidence. ^{[3] [4]}

Alternative hypotheses are that Boreoeutheria and Afrotheria combine to form Epitheria (as generally supported by anatomical and other physiological evidence) or that Boreoeutheria and Xenarthra combine to form Exafroplacentalia or Notolegia. ^[5]

Updated analysis of transposable element insertions around the time of divergence strongly supports the fourth hypothesis of a near-concomitant origin (trifurcation) of the three superorders of mammals: Afrotheria, Boreoeutheria, and Xenarthra. ^{[6] [7]}

Placentalia	Atlantogenata Xenarthra Afrotheria Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria Euarchontoglires

Below shows the phylogeny of the extant atlantogenate families.

Atlantogenata	Xenarthra Cingulata Dasypodidae Chlamyphoridae Pilosa Vermilingua Cyclopedidae Myrmecophagidae Folivora Bradypodidae Choloepodidae Afrotheria Paenungulata Hyracoidea Procaviidae Tethytheria Sirenia Trichechidae Dugongidae Proboscidea Elephantidae Afroinsectiphilia Tubulidentata Orycteropodidae Afroinsectivora Macroscelidea Macroscelididae Afrosoricida Chrysochloridae Tenrecidae Potamogalidae

References

1. Waddell, Peter J.; Cao, Ying; Hasegawa, Masami; Mindell, David P. (1999). "Assessing the Cretaceous Superordinal Divergence Times within Birds and Placental Mammals by Using Whole Mitochondrial Protein Sequences and an Extended Statistical Framework". Systematic Biology . 48 (1): 119–137. doi: 10.1080/106351599260481 . PMID   12078636.
2. Ian R. Tizard (2023). Comparative Mammalian Immunology: The Evolution and Diversity of the Immune Systems of Mammals. Academic Press. p. 411. ISBN   978-0-32395-220-0 . Retrieved 16 December 2024.
3. Waddell, Peter J.; Okada, Norohiro; Hasegawa, Masami (1999). "Towards Resolving the Interordinal Relationships of Placental Mammals". Systematic Biology . 48 (1): 1–5. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1 . PMID   12078634.
4. Murphy, W.J.; Pringle, T.H.; Crider, T.A.; Springer, M.S.; Miller, W. (2007). "Using genomic data to unravel the root of the placental mammal phylogeny". Genome Research . 17 (4): 413–421. doi:10.1101/gr.5918807. PMC   1832088 . PMID   17322288.
5. Wildman, Derek E.; Chen, Caoyi; Erez, Offer; Grossman, Lawrence I.; Goodman, Morris; Romero, Roberto (2006). "Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 103 (9): 3203–3208. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.3203W. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0511344103 . PMC   1413940 . PMID   16492730.
6. Nishihara, H.; Maruyama, S.; Okada, N. (2009). "Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence of the three superorders of mammals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (13): 5235–40. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.5235N. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0809297106 . PMC   2655268 . PMID   19286970.
7. Churakov, G.; Kriegs, J. O.; Baertsch, R.; Zemann, A.; Brosius, J. R.; Schmitz, J. R. (2009). "Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals". Genome Research . 19 (5): 868–875. doi:10.1101/gr.090647.108. PMC   2675975 . PMID   19261842.

Further reading

• Nikolaev, Sergey; Montoya-Burgos, Juan I.; Margulies, Elliott H.; NISC Comparative Sequencing Program; Rougemont, Jacques; Nyffeler, Bruno; Antonarakis, Stylianos E. (2007). "Early History of Mammals is Elucidated with the ENCODE Multiple Species Sequencing Data". PLoS Genetics . 3 (1): e2. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030002 . PMC   1761045 . PMID   17206863.
• Springer, Mark S.; Murphy, William J.; Eizirik, Eduardo; O'Brien, Stephen J. (2003). "Placental mammal diversification and the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 100 (3): 1056–1061. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.1056S. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0334222100 . PMC   298725 . PMID   12552136.
• Waddell, Peter J.; Kishino, Hirohisa; Ota, Rissa (2001). "A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics". Genome Informatics . 12: 141–154. PMID   11791233. Archived from the original on 2019-07-10. Retrieved 2015-08-27.
• Wildman, Derek E.; Chen, Caoyi; Erez, Offer; Grossman, Lawrence I.; Goodman, Morris; Romero, Roberto (2006). "Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 103 (9): 3203–3208. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.3203W. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0511344103 . PMC   1413940 . PMID   16492730.