Chlamyphoridae

Chlamyphoridae Temporal range: Middle Eocene to present
Southern three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus)
Illustration of a skeleton of Doedicurus clavicaudatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Cingulata
Family:	Chlamyphoridae Bonaparte, 1850
Type genus
Chlamyphorus Harlan, 1825
Subfamilies
Chlamyphorinae Euphractinae †Glyptodontinae †Pampatheriinae Tolypeutinae

Taxidermied pink fairy armadillo ( Chlamyphorus truncatus )

Chlamyphoridae is a family of cingulate mammals. While glyptodonts have traditionally been considered stem-group cingulates outside the group that contains modern armadillos, there had been speculation that the extant family Dasypodidae could be paraphyletic based on morphological evidence. ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} In 2016, an analysis of Doedicurus mtDNA found it was, in fact, nested within the modern armadillos as the sister group of a clade consisting of Chlamyphorinae and Tolypeutinae. ^{[5] [6]} For this reason, all extant armadillos but Dasypus were relocated to a new family. The genus name comes from Ancient Greek χλαμύς (khlamús), meaning "cloak", and φόρος (phóros), "bearing".

Classification

See also: List of cingulates

Below is a taxonomy of the extant species of armadillos in this family.

Family Chlamyphoridae

• Subfamily Chlamyphorinae
  • Genus Calyptophractus
    • Greater fairy armadillo, Calyptophractus retusus
  • Genus Chlamyphorus
    • Pink fairy armadillo, Chlamyphorus truncatus
• Subfamily Euphractinae
  • Genus Euphractus
    • Six-banded armadillo, Euphractus sexcinctus
  • Genus Zaedyus
    • Pichi, Zaedyus pichiy
  • Genus Chaetophractus
    • Screaming hairy armadillo, Chaetophractus vellerosus
    • Big hairy armadillo, Chaetophractus villosus
    • Andean hairy armadillo, Chaetophractus nationi
• Subfamily Tolypeutinae
  • Genus Cabassous
    • Greater naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous tatouay
    • Chacoan naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous chacoensis
    • Northern naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous centralis
    • Southern naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous unicinctus
  • Genus Priodontes
    • Giant armadillo, Priodontes maximus
  • Genus Tolypeutes
    • Southern three-banded armadillo, Tolypeutes matacus
    • Brazilian three-banded armadillo, Tolypeutes tricinctus

Phylogeny

Chlamyphoridae, like Dasypodidae, is a basal clade within Cingulata, as shown below.

Cingulata cladogram [5] [7] [8]

Cingulata Chlamyphoridae Euphractinae Euphractus E. sexcinctus Zaedyus Z. pichiy Chaetophractus C. villosus C. nationi C. vellerosus † Glyptodontinae † Doedicurus † D. clavicaudatus †(31 other extinct genera) Chlamyphorinae Chlamyphorus truncatus Calyptophractus retusus Tolypeutinae Priodontes P. maximus Tolypeutes T. tricinctus T. matacus Cabassous C. tatouay C. chacoensis C. centralis C. unicinctus Dasypodidae Dasypus (7 living species) †(26 extinct genera)

References

1. Simpson, G. G. (1945). The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bull. Amer. Museum Nat. History., 85.
2. Grassé, P. P. (1955). "Ordre des édentés". Traité de zoologie. 17 (2): 1182–1246.
3. Engelmann, G. F. (1985). The phylogeny of the Xenarthra. The evolution and ecology of armadillos, sloths, and vermilinguas. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 51-64.
4. Wible, J. R. (2006). 6 The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Armadillos (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata): A Craniodental Analysis. Amniote Paleobiology: Perspectives on the Evolution of Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles: University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 153-198.
5. Delsuc, F.; Gibb, G. C.; Kuch, M.; Billet, G.; Hautier, L.; Southon, J.; Rouillard, J.-M.; Fernicola, J. C.; Vizcaíno, S. F.; MacPhee, R. D. E.; Poinar, H. N. (2016-02-22). "The phylogenetic affinities of the extinct glyptodonts". Current Biology. 26 (4): R155 –R156. Bibcode:2016CBio...26.R155D. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.039 . hdl: 11336/49579 . PMID   26906483.
6. Gillian C. Gibb; Fabien L. Condamine; Melanie Kuch; Jacob Enk; Nadia Moraes-Barros; Mariella Superina; Hendrik N. Poinar; Frédéric Delsuc (2016). "Shotgun Mitogenomics Provides a Reference Phylogenetic Framework and Timescale for Living Xenarthrans". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 33 (3): 621–642. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv250. PMC   4760074 . PMID   26556496.
7. Upham, Nathan S.; Esselstyn, Jacob A.; Jetz, Walter (2019). "Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution and conservation". PLOS Biol. 17 (12) e3000494. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 . PMC   6892540 . PMID   31800571.
8. Gibb, Gillian C.; Condamine, Fabien L.; Kuch, Melanie; Enk, Jacob; Moraes-Barros, Nadia; Superina, Mariella; Poinar, Hendrik N.; Delsuc, Frédéric (2015). "Shotgun mitogenomics provides a reference phylogenetic framework and timescale for living xenarthrans". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 33 (3): 621–642. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv250. PMC   4760074 . PMID   26556496.