List of cingulates

Last updated

Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) Nine-banded Armadillo.jpg
Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)

Cingulata is an order of armored placental mammals. Members of this order are called cingulates, or colloquially, armadillos. They are primarily found in South America, though the northern naked-tailed armadillo is found mainly in Central America and the nine-banded armadillo has a range extending into North America. They are generally found in forests, but also savannas, shrublands, and grasslands. They all follow a similar body plan, and range in size from the pink fairy armadillo, at 11 cm (4 in) plus a 2 cm (1 in) tail, to the giant armadillo, at 100 cm (39 in) plus a 50 cm (20 in) tail. No population estimates have been made for any cingulate species, though the giant armadillo and the Brazilian three-banded armadillo are categorized as vulnerable species.

Contents

The twenty-two extant species of Cingulata are divided into two families: Dasypodidae, containing a single genus of nine species in the subfamily Dasypodinae, and Chlamyphoridae, containing thirteen species split between the two genera in the subfamily Chlamyphorinae, three in the subfamily Euphractinae, and three in the subfamily Tolypeutinae. Prior to 2016, all four subfamilies were included in Dasypodidae, with Chlamyphoridae containing only extinct species of glyptodonts. [1] [2] Over one hundred extinct Cingulata species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed. [3]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX  Extinct (0 species)
 EW  Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR  Critically endangered (0 species)
 EN  Endangered (0 species)
 VU  Vulnerable (2 species)
 NT  Near threatened (5 species)
 LC  Least concern (9 species)
Other categories
 DD  Data deficient (4 species)
 NE  Not evaluated (2 species)

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the cingulate's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "".

Classification

The distribution of Cingulata species Cingulata range.jpg
The distribution of Cingulata species

The order Cingulata consists of two families, Dasypodidae and Chlamyphoridae. Dasypodidae contains nine species in a single genus, while Chlamyphoridae contains thirteen species in eight genera, divided into three subfamilies. Many of these species are further subdivided into subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

Family Dasypodidae

Family Chlamyphoridae

Cingulata

Cingulates

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis. [4]

Dasypodidae

Subfamily Dasypodinae

Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 – nine species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
East Amazonian long-nosed armadillo


D. beniensis
Lönnberg, 1942
North-central South AmericaSize: 51–58 cm (20–23 in) long, plus 33–48 cm (13–19 in) tail [5]

Habitat: Forest [6]

Diet: Insects [5]
 NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [6]

Greater long-nosed armadillo

Kappler Gurteltier (gesamt Ansicht).jpg

D. kappleri
Krauss, 1862
Northeastern South AmericaSize: 51–58 cm (20–23 in) long, plus 33–48 cm (13–19 in) tail [7]

Habitat: Forest [6]

Diet: Insects [7]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [6]

Hairy long-nosed armadillo

Dasypus pilosus - Feijo et al 2018 holotype.tif

D. pilosus
(Fitzinger, 1856)
Western South America
Hairy Long-nosed Armadillo area.png
Size: 32–44 cm (13–17 in) long, plus 23–31 cm (9–12 in) tail [8]

Habitat: Forest [9]

Diet: Insects [8]
 NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [9]

Llanos long-nosed armadillo

Dasypus sabanicola - Feijo et al 2018 holotype.tif

D. sabanicola
Mondolfi, 1968
Northern South America
Llanos Long-nosed Armadillo area.png
Size: 25–31 cm (10–12 in) long, plus 17–21 cm (7–8 in) tail [10]

Habitat: Forest [11]

Diet: Termites, as well as ants, beetles, and worms [10]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [11]

Nine-banded armadillo

Florida-015.jpg

D. novemcinctus
Linnaeus, 1758

Six subspecies
  • D. n. aequatorialis
  • D. n. fenestratus
  • D. n. hoplites
  • D. n. mexianae
  • D. n. mexicanus
  • D. n. novemcinctus
Central and northern South America, and central, southern, and eastern North America
Common Long-nosed Armadillo area.png
Size: 35–57 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 24–45 cm (9–18 in) tail [12]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [13]

Diet: Omnivorous, including invertebrates, birds, fruit, and roots [12]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [13]

Seven-banded armadillo

Dasypus septemcinctus hybridus (also named Dasypus hybridus), at Valizas, Uruguay.jpg

D. septemcinctus
Linnaeus, 1758
Eastern South America
Brazilian Lesser Long-nosed Armadillo area.png
Size: 24–31 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 12–17 cm (5–7 in) tail [14]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and grassland [15]

Diet: Insects, seeds, and other plant material [14]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [15]

Southern long-nosed armadillo

Dasypus hybridus - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria - Genoa, Italy - DSC03055.JPG

D. hybridus
Desmarest, 1804
Southeastern South America
Southern Long-nosed Armadillo area.png
Size: 26–31 cm (10–12 in) long, plus 15–19 cm (6–7 in) tail [16]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [17]

Diet: Ants, termites, and beetles, as well as plant material and small vertebrates [16]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [17]

West Amazonian long-nosed armadillo


D. pastasae
(Thomas, 1901)
Northwestern South AmericaSize: 51–58 cm (20–23 in) long, plus 33–48 cm (13–19 in) tail [18]

Habitat: Forest [6]

Diet: Insects [18]
 DD 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [6]

Yepes's mulita

Dasypus mazzai - Feijo et al 2018 holotype.tif

D. mazzai
Yepes, 1933
South-central South America
Yepes's Mulita area.png
Size: About 31 cm (12 in) long, plus 18–23 cm (7–9 in) tail [19]

Habitat: Forest [20]

Diet: Believed to be omnivorous with a preference for insects [19]
 DD 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [20]

Chlamyphoridae

Subfamily Chlamyphorinae

Genus Calyptophractus Fitzinger, 1871 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Greater fairy armadillo

Burmeister-Gurtelmull2.png

C. retusus
(Burmeister, 1863)
Central South America
Greater Fairy Armadillo area.png
Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail [21]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and desert [22]

Diet: Insects, worms, snails, roots, and small seeds [21]
 DD 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [22]

Genus Chlamyphorus Harlan, 1825 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Pink fairy armadillo

Pink Fairy Armadillo (Chlamyphorus truncatus).jpg

C. truncatus
Harlan, 1825
Southern South America
Lesser Fairy Armadillo area.png
Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1–1 in)tail [23] [24]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert [25]

Diet: insects, worms and snails, as well as possibly plants [23]
 DD 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [25]

Subfamily Euphractinae

Genus Chaetophractus Fitzinger, 1871 – two species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Big hairy armadillo

Chaetophractus villosus (Wroclaw zoo).JPG

C. villosus
(Desmarest, 1804)
Southern South America
Large Hairy Armadillo area.png
Size: 22–40 cm (9–16 in) long, plus 9–17 cm (4–7 in) tail [12]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert [26]

Diet: Omnivorous, including insects, invertebrates, small vertebrates, plants, and carrion [27]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [26]

Screaming hairy armadillo

Chaetophractus vellerosus - Swedish Museum of Natural History - Stockholm, Sweden - DSC00653.JPG

C. vellerosus
(Gray, 1865)

Two subspecies
  • C. v. pannosus
  • C. v. vellerosus
Southern South America
Screaming Hairy Armadillo area.png
Size: 20–30 cm (8–12 in) long, plus tail [28]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert [29]

Diet: Beetles, butterfly larvae, plants, and small vertebrates [29]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [29]

Genus Euphractus Wagler, 1830 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Six-banded armadillo

Six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus).JPG

E. sexcinctus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Five subspecies
  • E. s. boliviae
  • E. s. flavimanus
  • E. s. setosus
  • E. s. sexcinctus
  • E. s. tucumanus
Central and eastern South America
Six-banded Armadillo area.png
Size: 40–50 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 20–25 cm (8–10 in) tail [30]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [31]

Diet: Carrion, small vertebrates, insects, spiders, bird eggs, and plants [30]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [31]

Genus Zaedyus Ameghino, 1889 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Pichi

Zaedyus pichiy - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria - Genoa, Italy - DSC03056.JPG

Z. pichiy
(Desmarest, 1804)

Two subspecies
  • Z. p. caurinus
  • Z. p. pichiy
Southern South America
Pichi area.png
Size: 26–34 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 10–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [12]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert [32]

Diet: Insects, worms, and other invertebrates, as well as carrion [12]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [32]

Subfamily Tolypeutinae

Genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 – four species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Chacoan naked-tailed armadillo

P02-03-12 10.00 1.jpg

C. chacoensis
Wetzel, 1980
South-central South America
Chacoan Naked-tailed Armadillo area.png
Size: 30–35 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 9–10 cm (4–4 in) tail [33]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland [34]

Diet: Ants and termites, as well as seeds and fruit [33]
 NT 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [34]

Greater naked-tailed armadillo

Cabassous tatouay at University of Pisa's Natural History Museum.jpg

C. tatouay
(Desmarest, 1804)
Eastern South America
Greater Naked-tailed Armadillo area.png
Size: 36–49 cm (14–19 in) long, plus 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [35]

Habitat: Forest and grassland [36]

Diet: Ants and termites [37]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [36]

Northern naked-tailed armadillo

Cabassous centralis (Miller, 1899) head from side.png

C. centralis
(Miller, 1899)
Northern South America and Central America
Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo area.png
Size: 30–40 cm (12–16 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [12]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland [38]

Diet: Termites and ants [12]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [38]

Southern naked-tailed armadillo

Nacktschwanzgurteltier (Cabassous unicinctus).jpg

C. unicinctus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Two subspecies
  • C. u. squamicaudis
  • C. u. unicinctus
Northern and central South America
Cabasu area.png
Size: 35–44 cm (14–17 in) long, plus 16–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [39]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [40]

Diet: Ants and termites [39]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [40]

Genus Priodontes F. Cuvier, 1825 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Giant armadillo

Giant armadillo.jpg

P. maximus
(Kerr, 1792)
Northern and central South America
Giant Armadillo area.png
Size: 75–100 cm (30–39 in) long, plus 50 cm (20 in) tail [41]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and grassland [42]

Diet: Termites and certain ant species [43]
 VU 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [42]

Genus Tolypeutes Illiger, 1811 – two species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Brazilian three-banded armadillo

EdmontonZooArmadillo.JPG

T. tricinctus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Eastern South America
Tolypeutes tricinctus distribution.svg
Size: 23–25 cm (9–10 in) long, plus tail [44]

Habitat: Savanna and shrubland [45]

Diet: Ants, termites, beetles, and other insects, as well as plants [44]
 VU 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [45]

Southern three-banded armadillo

SouthernThreeBandedArmadillo065b.jpg

T. matacus
(Desmarest, 1804)
South-central South America
Southern Three-banded Armadillo area.png
Size: 20–25 cm (8–10 in) long, plus tail [46]

Habitat: Savanna and shrubland [47]

Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and seeds [46]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [47]

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Sources