List of kerivoulines

Painted bat (Kerivoula picta)

Kerivoulinae is one of the four subfamilies of Vespertilionidae, itself one of twenty families of bats in the mammalian order Chiroptera and part of the microbat suborder. A member of this subfamily is called a kerivouline, or a woolly bat. They are found in Africa and Asia, primarily in forests and caves, though some species can also be found in grasslands, savannas, or wetlands. They range in size from the least woolly bat, at 2 cm (1 in) plus a 2 cm (1 in) tail, to the Kachin woolly bat, at 6 cm (2 in) plus a 7 cm (3 in) tail. Like all bats, kerivoulines are capable of true and sustained flight, and have wing lengths ranging from 2 cm (1 in) to 5 cm (2 in). They are all insectivorous and eat a variety of insects and spiders. ^[1] Almost no kerivoulines have population estimates, though two species—the St. Aignan's trumpet-eared bat and the Tanzanian woolly bat—are categorized as endangered species with population sizes as low as 600.

The 30 extant species of Kerivoulinae are divided between two genera: Kerivoula with 26 species, and Phoniscus with the other four. A few extinct prehistoric kerivouline species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed. ^[2]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories

Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically Endangered (0 species)
EN	Endangered (2 species)
VU	Vulnerable (3 species)
NT	Near threatened (6 species)
LC	Least concern (16 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (3 species)
NE	Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the kerivouline's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.

Classification

Kerivoulinae, one of the four subfamilies of the family Vespertilionidae, contains 30 extant species divided into 2 genera.

Subfamily Kerivoulinae

• Genus Kerivoula (woolly bats): 26 species
• Genus Phoniscus (trumpet-eared bats): four species

Kerivoulines

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists. ^[3]

Genus Kerivoula – Gray, 1842 – 26 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bismarck trumpet-eared bat	K. myrella Thomas, 1914	Manus Island in Papua New Guinea	Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Forest [5]	VU  1,500–2,000 [5]
Clear-winged woolly bat	K. pellucida (Waterhouse, 1845)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Forest [6]	NT  Unknown [6]
Copper woolly bat	K. cuprosa Thomas, 1861	Central and western Africa	Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 4–5 cm (2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Forest [7]	DD  Unknown [7]
Cryptic woolly bat	K. crypta Wroughton & Ryley, 1913	Southern India and Sri Lanka	Size: About 4 cm (2 in), plus about 4 cm (2 in) tail about 3 cm (1 in) arm/wing length [8] Habitat: Forest and caves [9]	LC  Unknown [9]
Damara woolly bat	K. argentata Tomes, 1861 Three subspecies K. a. argentata K. a. nidicola K. a. zuluensis	Southeastern Africa	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [10] Habitat: Savanna [11]	LC  Unknown [11]
Dark woolly bat	K. furva Kuo, Soisook, Ho, Csorba, Wang, & Rossiter, 2017	Eastern and southeastern Asia	Size: Unknown length, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [8] Habitat: Forest and caves [12]	LC  Unknown [12]
Ethiopian woolly bat	K. eriophora (Heuglin, 1877)	Ethiopia	Size: About 5 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Unknown [13]	DD  Unknown [13]
Flat-skulled woolly bat	K. depressa Miller, 1906	Southeastern Asia	Size: About 3 cm (1 in), plus about 4 cm (2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [8] Habitat: Forest and caves [14]	LC  Unknown [14]
Flores woolly bat	K. flora Thomas, 1914	Indonesia and Malaysia	Size: About 4 cm (2 in), plus about 5 cm (2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Forest [15]	VU  Unknown [15]
Fly River trumpet-eared bat	K. muscina Tate, 1941	Papua New Guinea	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Forest [16]	LC  Unknown [16]
Hardwicke's woolly bat	K. hardwickii (Horsfield, 1824)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [8] Habitat: Forest and caves [17]	LC  Unknown [17]
Indochinese woolly bat	K. dongduongana Tu, Hassanin, Furey, Son, & Csorba, 2018	Southeastern Asia	Size: Unknown length, plus about 4 cm (2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [8] Habitat: Forest and caves [18]	LC  Unknown [18]
Kachin woolly bat	K. kachinensis Bates, Struebig, Rossiter, Kingston, Oo, & Mya, 2004	Southeastern Asia	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length [8] Habitat: Forest [19]	LC  Unknown [19]
Krau woolly bat	K. krauensis Francis, Kingston, & Zubaid, 2007	Southeastern Asia	Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [8] Habitat: Forest [20]	NT  Unknown [20]
Least woolly bat	K. minuta Miller, 1898	Indonesia and Malaysia	Size: 2–3 cm (1 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [8] Habitat: Forest [21]	NT  Unknown [21]
Lenis woolly bat	K. lenis Thomas, 1916	Southern and southeastern Asia	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Forest [22]	LC  Unknown [22]
Lesser woolly bat	K. lanosa (A. Smith, 1847) Four subspecies K. l. harrisoni K. l. lanosa K. l. lucia K. l. muscilla	Sub-Saharan Africa	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Savanna and forest [23]	LC  Unknown [23]
Painted bat	K. picta (Pallas, 1767) Two subspecies K. p. bellissima K. p. picta	Southern and southeastern Asia	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Forest and grassland [24]	NT  Unknown [24]
Papillose woolly bat	K. papillosa Temminck, 1840 Two subspecies K. p. malayana K. p. papillosa	Southeastern Asia	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Forest [25]	LC  Unknown [25]
Small woolly bat	K. intermedia Hill & Francis, 1984	Malaysia	Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Forest [26]	NT  Unknown [26]
Smith's woolly bat	K. smithii Thomas, 1880	Central Africa	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 4–5 cm (2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Forest [27]	LC  Unknown [27]
Spurrell's woolly bat	K. phalaena Thomas, 1912	Central Africa	Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–3 cm (1 in) arm/wing length [10] Habitat: Forest [28]	LC  Unknown [28]
St. Aignan's trumpet-eared bat	K. agnella Thomas, 1908	Papua New Guinea	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus about 5 cm (2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Forest [29]	EN  600–750 [29]
Tanzanian woolly bat	K. africana Dobson, 1878	Tanzania	Size: About 4 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail about 3 cm (1 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Forest [30]	EN  Unknown [30]
Titania's woolly bat	K. titania Bates, Struebig, Hayes, Furey, Mya, Thong, Tien, Son, Harrison, Francis, & Csorba, 2007	Southeastern Asia	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [8] Habitat: Forest [31]	LC  Unknown [31]
Whitehead's woolly bat	K. whiteheadi Thomas, 1894 Three subspecies K. w. bicolor K. w. pusilla K. w. whiteheadi	Southeastern Asia	Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [4] Habitat: Grassland and forest [32]	LC  Unknown [32]

Genus Phoniscus – Miller, 1905 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Dubious trumpet-eared bat	P. aerosa (Tomes, 1858)	Possibly southeastern Africa	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail about 4 cm (2 in) arm/wing length [8] Habitat: Forest [33]	DD  Unknown [33]
Golden-tipped bat	P. papuensis (Dobson, 1878)	Papua New Guinea and eastern Australia	Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [8] Habitat: Forest [34]	VU  Unknown [34]
Groove-toothed bat	P. atrox Miller, 1905	Southeastern Asia	Size: About 4 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [8] Habitat: Forest [35]	NT  Unknown [35]
Peters's trumpet-eared bat	P. jagorii (Peters, 1866)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length [8] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands [36]	LC  Unknown [36]

References

1. Nowak, pp. 184–186
2. "Fossilworks: Kerivoulinae". Paleobiology Database . University of Wisconsin–Madison. Archived from the original on November 26, 2024. Retrieved November 26, 2024.
3. Wilson, Reeder, pp. 525–529
4. Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, pp. 552
5. Aplin, K.; Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Kerivoula myrella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T10980A22022572. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T10980A22022572.en .
6. Nor Zalipah, M. (2020). "Kerivoula pellucida". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10983A22021330. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10983A22021330.en .
7. Fahr. J. (2019). "Kerivoula cuprosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T10971A21971772. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10971A21971772.en .
8. Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, pp. 551
9. Tu, V.; Furey, N.; Csorba, G. (2021). "Kerivoula crypta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T154196297A154196362. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T154196297A154196362.en .
10. Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, pp. 553
11. Monadjem, A.; Taylor, P. J.; Jacobs, D.; Cotterill, F. (2017). "Kerivoula argentata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T10969A21970780. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10969A21970780.en .
12. Tu, V.; Furey, N.; Csorba, G. (2021). "Kerivoula furva". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T154196065A154196068. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T154196065A154196068.en .
13. Fahr. J. (2019). "Kerivoula eriophora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T10972A21971992. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10972A21971992.en .
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15. Waldien, D. L.; Wiantoro, S. (2021). "Kerivoula flora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T10973A21972598. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T10973A21972598.en .
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18. Tu, V.; Furey, N.; Csorba, G. (2021). "Kerivoula dongduongana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T154195951A154195959. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T154195951A154195959.en .
19. Bates, P. J. J.; Thong, V. D.; Soisook, P. (2019). "Kerivoula kachinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T136240A22001145. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136240A22001145.en .
20. Nor Zalipah, M. (2020). "Kerivoula krauensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136572A21992300. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136572A21992300.en .
21. Nor Zalipah, M. (2020). "Kerivoula minuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10978A22022086. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10978A22022086.en .
22. Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B. (2019). "Kerivoula lenis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T136428A21984385. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136428A21984385.en .
23. Monadjem, A.; Taylor, P. J.; Jacobs, D.; Cotterill, F. (2017). "Kerivoula lanosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T10977A22021700. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10977A22021700.en .
24. Huang, J. C. -C.; Lim, L. S.; Chakravarty, R. (2020). "Kerivoula picta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10985A22022952. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10985A22022952.en .
25. Hutson, A. M.; Kingston, T. (2021). "Kerivoula papillosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T10981A22020906. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T10981A22020906.en .
26. Nor Zalipah, M. (2020). "Kerivoula intermedia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10975A21974054. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10975A21974054.en .
27. Monadjem, A.; Fahr, J. (2017). "Kerivoula smithii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T10986A22023189. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10986A22023189.en .
28. Monadjem, A.; Fahr, J. (2017). "Kerivoula phalaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T10984A22021608. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10984A22021608.en .
29. Aplin, K.; Armstrong, K. N. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Kerivoula agnella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T10968A209548421. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10968A209548421.en .
30. Cooper-Bohannon, R.; Fahr, J.; Jacobs, D. (2020). "Kerivoula africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10966A21975149. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10966A21975149.en .
31. Bates, P. J. J.; Soisook, P.; Thong, V. D. (2019). "Kerivoula titania". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T136817A22044302. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136817A22044302.en .
32. Duya, M. R.; Alvarez, J.; Fidelino, J.; Gatan-Balbas, M.; Pedregosa, M.; Veluz, M. J.; Jakosalem, P. G.; Tanalgo, K.; Mendoza, R. V.; Cielo, K. L. S.; Garcia, J. J. L.; Cacho, M. A.; Dionisio, T. (2019). "Kerivoula whiteheadi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T10987A22023276. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10987A22023276.en .
33. Francis, C. M.; Csorba, G.; Monadjem, A.; Waldien, D. L. (2022). "Phoniscus aerosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T10967A21975373. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T10967A21975373.en .
34. Loyd, A. M.; Pennay, M. (2021). "Phoniscus papuensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T10982A22021190. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T10982A22021190.en .
35. Jayaraj, V. K. (2020). "Phoniscus atrox". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10970A21970973. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10970A21970973.en .
36. Oo, S. S. L.; Kingston, T.; Francis, C.; Rosell-Ambal, R. G. B.; Tabaranza, B. (2019). "Phoniscus jagorii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T10976A21974660. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10976A21974660.en .

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