List of ochotonids

Last updated

American pika (Ochotona princeps) American pika (ochotona princeps) with a mouthful of flowers.jpg
American pika (Ochotona princeps)

Ochotonidae is a family of small mammals in the order Lagomorpha. A member of this family is called an ochotonid or, colloquially, a pika. They are widespread throughout Asia and western North America, and are generally found in grassland, shrubland, and rocky biomes. Pikas are all roughly the same shape and size, with no tails, ranging from the 11 cm (4 in) long Gansu pika to the 29 cm (11 in) long northern pika. No species have population estimates and many have not yet had their conservation status evaluated, though the Helan Shan pika, Hoffmann's pika, Ili pika, and Koslov's pika are considered endangered.

Contents

The 29 extant species of Ochotonidae are contained within a single genus, Ochotona, though that genus is sometimes split into four subgenera: Alienauroa, Conothoa (mountain pikas), Ochotona (shrub-steppe pikas), and Pika (northern pikas). Many extinct Ochotonidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed. [1]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX  Extinct (0 species)
 EW  Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR  Critically endangered (0 species)
 EN  Endangered (4 species)
 VU  Vulnerable (0 species)
 NT  Near threatened (0 species)
 LC  Least concern (24 species)
Other categories
 DD  Data deficient (1 species)
 NE  Not evaluated (0 species)

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the ochotonid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "".

Classification

The family Ochotonidae consists of twenty-nine extant species in one genus which are divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

Ochotonids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists. [2]

Genus Ochotona Link, 1795 – 29 species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Afghan pika

LagomysRufescens.jpg

O. rufescens
(Gray, 1842)

Three subspecies
  • O. r. regina
  • O. r. rufescens
  • O. r. shukurovoi
Central Asia
Afghan Pika area.png
Size: 15–24 cm (6–9 in) long [3]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and desert [4]

Diet: Herbs and shrubs [4]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [4]

Alpine pika

Ochotona alpina, altaiskaia pishchukha..jpg

O. alpina
(Pallas, 1773)

Four subspecies
  • O. a. alpina
  • O. a. changaica
  • O. a. cinereofusca
  • O. a. sushkini
Northeastern Asia
Ochotona alpina range 2016.svg
Size: 15–26 cm (6–10 in) long [5]

Habitat: Rocky areas [6]

Diet: Variety of plants [6]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [6]

American pika

Ochotona princeps rockies.JPG

O. princeps
(Richardson, 1828)

Five subspecies
  • O. p. figginsi
  • O. p. princeps
  • O. p. saxatilis
  • O. p. schisticeps
  • O. p. taylori
Western North America
American Pika range.png
Size: 15–22 cm (6–9 in) long [7]

Habitat: Rocky areas [8]

Diet: Sedges, grass, forbs, and shrubs [7]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [8]

Chinese red pika

Ochotona erythrotis.jpg

O. erythrotis
(Büchner, 1890)
Central China
Chinese Red Pika area.png
Size: 18–19 cm (7–7 in) long [9]

Habitat: Rocky areas [10]

Diet: Variety of plants [10]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [10]

Collared pika

Collared Pika (6187105360).jpg

O. collaris
(Nelson, 1893)
Northwestern North America
Collared Pika area.png
Size: 14–21 cm (6–8 in) long [11]

Habitat: Rocky areas [12]

Diet: Variety of plants, as well as bird brains [12]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [12]

Daurian pika

Ochotona daurica.jpg

O. dauurica
(Pallas, 1776)

Four subspecies
  • O. d. annectens
  • O. d. bedfordi
  • O. d. dauurica
  • O. d. mursavi
Northeastern Asia
Daurian Pika area.png
Size: 17–22 cm (7–9 in) long [13]

Habitat: Grassland [14]

Diet: Shrubs, grass, legumes, and flowers [13]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [14]

Forrest's pika


O. forresti
Thomas, 1923
Southeastern Asia
Forrest's Pika area.png
Size: 15–19 cm (6–7 in) long [15]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [16]

Diet: Variety of plants [16]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [16]

Gansu pika

Ochotona cansus.jpg

O. cansus
Lyon, 1907

Four subspecies
  • O. c. cansus
  • O. c. morosa
  • O. c. sorella
  • O. c. stevensi
Central China
Gansu Pika area.png
Size: 11–17 cm (4–7 in) long [17]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [18]

Diet: Shrubs and other plants [18]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [18]

Glover's pika


O. gloveri
Thomas, 1922

Three subspecies
  • O. g. brookei
  • O. g. calloceps
  • O. g. gloveri
Central China
Glover's Pika area.png
Size: 16–25 cm (6–10 in) long [19]

Habitat: Rocky areas [20]

Diet: Forbs, sedge, and grass [19]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [20]

Helan Shan pika


O. argentata
Howell, 1928
Central China
Helan Shan Pika area.png
Size: 20–24 cm (8–9 in) long [21]

Habitat: Rocky areas [22]

Diet: Variety of plants [22]
 EN 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [22]

Hoffmann's pika


O. hoffmanni
Formozov, Yakhontov, Dmitriev, 1996
Northern Mongolia
Hoffmann's Pika area.png
Size: 19–21 cm (7–8 in) long [23]

Habitat: Rocky areas [24]

Diet: Variety of plants [23]
 EN 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [24]

Ili pika


O. iliensis
Li, Ma, 1986
Western China
Ili Pika area.png
Size: 20–21 cm (8–8 in) long [25]

Habitat: Rocky areas [26]

Diet: Herbs and shrubs [25]
 EN 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [26]

Kazakh pika


O. opaca
Argiropulo, 1930
Central Asia
Kazakh pika area.svg
Size: 17–22 cm (7–9 in) long [27]

Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas [28]

Diet: Shrubs, herbs, and grass [27]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [28]

Korean pika


O. coreana
Allen, Andrews, 1913
North Korea and southeastern China
Ochotona-coreana-CIS.svg
Size: 16–21 cm (6–8 in) long [29]

Habitat: Rocky areas [30]

Diet: Herbs, shrubs, forbs, fungi, berries, seeds, and lichen [30]
 DD 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [30]

Koslov's pika

Ochotona koslowi.jpg

O. koslowi
(Büchner, 1894)
Western China
Kozlov's Pika area.png
Size: 22–24 cm (9–9 in) long [31]

Habitat: Grassland [32]

Diet: Sedges and other plants [31]
 EN 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [32]

Ladak pika

Ladakh Pika 2007.jpg

O. ladacensis
(Günther, 1875)
Western China and northern India and Pakistan
Ladak Pika area.png
Size: 18–25 cm (7–10 in) long [33]

Habitat: Grassland [34]

Diet: Shrubs, flowers, and roots [33]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [34]

Large-eared pika

The Pika.jpg

O. macrotis
(Günther, 1875)

Five subspecies
  • O. m. auritus
  • O. m. chinensis
  • O. m. macrotis
  • O. m. sacana
  • O. m. wollastoni
Central Asia and central China
Large-eared Pika area.png
Size: 15–20 cm (6–8 in) long [35]

Habitat: Rocky areas [36]

Diet: Grass, legumes, sedges, herbs, berries, twigs, moss, and lichen [37]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [36]

Manchurian pika

Ochotona mantchurica 159541685.jpg

O. mantchurica
Thomas, 1909
Northeastern China
Ochotona mantchurica range.svg
Size: 13–22 cm (5–9 in) long [38]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas [39]

Diet: Variety of plants [38]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [39]

Moupin pika


O. thibetana
(Milne-Edwards, 1871)

Five subspecies
  • O. t. nangqenica
  • O. t. osgoodi
  • O. t. sacraria (Sacred pika)
  • O. t. sikimaria (Sikkim pika)
  • O. t. thibetana
Central China
Ochotona thibetana range.svg
Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long [40]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [41]

Diet: Variety of plants [41]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [41]

Northern pika

Nabliudatel'naia poza pishchukhi.jpg

O. hyperborea
(Pallas, 1811)

Seven subspecies
  • O. h. cinereoflava
  • O. h. ferruginea
  • O. h. hyperborea
  • O. h. normalis
  • O. h. uralensis
  • O. h. yesoensis
  • O. h. yoshikurai
Northeastern Asia
Northern Pika area.png
Size: 13–29 cm (5–11 in) long [42]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas [43]

Diet: Herbs, shrubs, forbs, fungi, berries, seeds, and lichen [42]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [43]

Nubra pika


O. nubrica
Thomas, 1922

Two subspecies
  • O. n. lhasaensis
  • O. n. nubrica
South Asia
Nubra Pika area.png
Size: 14–19 cm (6–7 in) long [44]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [45]

Diet: Variety of plants [44]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [45]

Pallas's pika

Ochotona pallasi.jpg

O. pallasi
(Gray, 1867)

Four subspecies
  • O. p. hamica
  • O. p. pallasi
  • O. p. pricei
  • O. p. sunidica
Central and Eastern Asia
Pallas's Pika area.png
Size: 19–23 cm (7–9 in) long [46]

Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas [47]

Diet: Grass and herbs [48]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [47]

Plateau pika

Plateau pika of the Tibetan Plateau.jpg

O. curzoniae
(Hodgson, 1858)
Western China and Northern India
Plateau Pika area.png
Size: 16–21 cm (6–8 in) long [29]

Habitat: Grassland and desert [49]

Diet: Variety of plants [49]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [49]

Royle's pika

Royle'sPika-Ochotona roylei-Tungnath-Uttarkhand-India-3thJune2013.jpg

O. roylei
(Ogilby, 1839)

Two subspecies
  • O. r. himalayana (Himalayan pika)
  • O. r. nepalensis
  • O. r. roylei
  • O. r. wardi
Western China and Northern India
Royles pika range.svg
Size: 13–21 cm (5–8 in) long [50]

Habitat: Rocky areas [51]

Diet: Forbs, as well as other plants [50]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [51]

Steppe pika

Ochotona pusilla.tif

O. pusilla
(Pallas, 1769)

Two subspecies
  • O. p. angustifrons
  • O. p. pusilla
Central Asia
Steppe Pika area.png
Size: 15–21 cm (6–8 in) long [52]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [53]

Diet: Grass and above-ground vegetation [52]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [53]

Thomas's pika


O. thomasi
Argiropulo, 1948
Central China
Thomas's Pika area.png
Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long [54]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [55]

Diet: Variety of plants [55]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [55]

Tsing-ling pika


O. syrinx
Matschie, 1908
Central China
Tsing-ling Pika area.png
Size: 13–18 cm (5–7 in) long [56]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [57]

Diet: Variety of plants [57]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [57]

Turkestan red pika

Ochotona rutila.JPG

O. rutila
(Sévertsov, 1873)
Central Asia
Turkestan Red Pika area.png
Size: 18–26 cm (7–10 in) long [58]

Habitat: Rocky areas [59]

Diet: Grass and other plants [59]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [59]

Turuchan pika

Ochotona turuchanensis 28418699 (cropped).jpg

O. turuchanensis
Naumov, 1934
Central Russia
Turuchan Pika area.png
Size: 15–22 cm (6–9 in) long [60]

Habitat: Rocky areas [61]

Diet: Variety of plants [61]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [61]

References

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  2. Wilson, Reeder, pp. 185–192
  3. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 77
  4. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Johnston, C. (2016). "Ochotona rufescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41269A45184750. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41269A45184750.en .
  5. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 31
  6. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Cook, J. (2016). "Ochotona alpina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41255A45182115. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41255A45182115.en .
  7. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 68–70
  8. 1 2 Smith, A. T. and Beever; E. (2016). "Ochotona princeps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41267A45184315. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41267A45184315.en .
  9. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 46
  10. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona erythrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41260A45183115. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41260A45183115.en .
  11. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 36
  12. 1 2 3 Lanier, H. and Hik; D. (2016). "Ochotona collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41257A45182533. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41257A45182533.en .
  13. 1 2 Ciwko, Erin (2014). "Ochotona dauurica". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  14. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Cook, J. (2016). "Ochotona dauurica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41259A45182905. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41259A45182905.en .
  15. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 47
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  17. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 35
  18. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Liu, S. (2016). "Ochotona cansus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41256A45182335. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41256A45182335.en .
  19. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 48–49
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  21. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 33
  22. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Li, W. (2016). "Ochotona argentata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41986A45194521. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41986A45194521.en .
  23. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 50
  24. 1 2 Smith, A. T. and Lissovsky; A. (2016). "Ochotona hoffmanni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T40800A45181807. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T40800A45181807.en .
  25. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 54
  26. 1 2 Li, W.; Smith, A. T. (2019). "Ochotona iliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T15050A45179204. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T15050A45179204.en .
  27. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 63–64
  28. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona opaca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T99892252A99892261. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T99892252A99892261.en .
  29. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 40
  30. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Jo, Y.-S. (2019) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Ochotona coreana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T87948071A161750319. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T87948071A161750319.en .
  31. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 56
  32. 1 2 Li, W.; Smith, A. T. (2019). "Ochotona koslowi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T15046A45178669. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T15046A45178669.en .
  33. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 57–58
  34. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Li, W. (2016). "Ochotona ladacensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41264A45183725. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41264A45183725.en .
  35. Jordan, Dana (2005). "Ochotona macrotis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 17, 2021.
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  37. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 59
  38. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 60–61
  39. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona mantchurica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T87948094A87948100. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T87948094A87948100.en .
  40. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 83
  41. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Liu, S. (2016). "Ochotona thibetana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41271A45185018. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41271A45185018.en .
  42. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 51–52
  43. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona hyperborea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T87948061A45183490. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T87948061A45183490.en .
  44. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 62
  45. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Li, W. (2016). "Ochotona nubrica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15051A45179343. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15051A45179343.en .
  46. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 66
  47. 1 2 Lissovsky, A.; Smith, A. T. (2016). "Ochotona pallasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T99890206A45184094. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T99890206A45184094.en .
  48. DeMers, Anna (2007). "Ochotona pallasi". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  49. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T. and Liu; S. (2019) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Ochotona curzoniae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41258A160699229. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41258A160699229.en .
  50. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 75–76
  51. 1 2 Smith, A. T. and Bhattacharyya; S. (2016). "Ochotona roylei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41268A45184591. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41268A45184591.en .
  52. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 73
  53. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona pusilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15052A45179445. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15052A45179445.en .
  54. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 84
  55. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Liu, S. (2019). "Ochotona thomasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T15053A45179577. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T15053A45179577.en .
  56. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 82
  57. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T. and Lissovsky; A. (2016). "Ochotona syrinx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T87948175A87948187. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T87948175A87948187.en .
  58. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 80
  59. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona rutila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41270A45184897. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41270A45184897.en .
  60. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 86
  61. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T. and Lissovsky; A. (2016). "Ochotona turuchanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41503A45194115. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41503A45194115.en .

Sources