List of ochotonids

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American pika (Ochotona princeps) American pika (ochotona princeps) with a mouthful of flowers.jpg
American pika (Ochotona princeps)

Ochotonidae is a family of small mammals in the order Lagomorpha. A member of this family is called an ochotonid or, colloquially, a pika. They are widespread throughout Asia and western North America, and are generally found in grassland, shrubland, and rocky biomes. Pikas are all roughly the same shape and size, with no tails, ranging from the 11 cm (4 in) long Gansu pika to the 29 cm (11 in) long northern pika. No species have population estimates and many have not yet had their conservation status evaluated, though the Helan Shan pika, Hoffmann's pika, Ili pika, and Koslov's pika are considered endangered.

Contents

The 29 extant species of Ochotonidae are contained within a single genus, Ochotona, though that genus is sometimes split into four subgenera: Alienauroa, Conothoa (mountain pikas), Ochotona (shrub-steppe pikas), and Pika (northern pikas). Many extinct Ochotonidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed. [1]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX  Extinct (0 species)
 EW  Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR  Critically Endangered (0 species)
 EN  Endangered (4 species)
 VU  Vulnerable (0 species)
 NT  Near threatened (0 species)
 LC  Least concern (24 species)
Other categories
 DD  Data deficient (1 species)
 NE  Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the ochotonid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "Dagger-14-plain.png".

Classification

The family Ochotonidae consists of twenty-nine extant species in one genus which are divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

Ochotonids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists. [2]

Genus Ochotona (Link, 1795) – 29 species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Afghan pika

LagomysRufescens.jpg

O. rufescens
Gray, 1842

Three subspecies
  • O. r. regina
  • O. r. rufescens
  • O. r. shukurovoi
Central Asia
Afghan Pika area.png
Size: 15–24 cm (6–9 in) long [3]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and desert [4]

Diet: Herbs and shrubs [4]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [4]

Alpine pika

Ochotona alpina, altaiskaia pishchukha..jpg

O. alpina
Pallas, 1773

Four subspecies
  • O. a. alpina
  • O. a. changaica
  • O. a. cinereofusca
  • O. a. sushkini
Northeastern Asia
Alpine Pika area.png
Size: 15–26 cm (6–10 in) long [5]

Habitat: Rocky areas [6]

Diet: Variety of plants [6]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [6]

American pika

Ochotona princeps rockies.JPG

O. princeps
Richardson, 1828

Five subspecies
  • O. p. figginsi
  • O. p. princeps
  • O. p. saxatilis
  • O. p. schisticeps
  • O. p. taylori
Western North America
American Pika range.png
Size: 15–22 cm (6–9 in) long [7]

Habitat: Rocky areas [8]

Diet: Sedges, grass, forbs, and shrubs [7]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [8]

Chinese red pika

Ochotona erythrotis.jpg

O. erythrotis
Büchner, 1890
Central China
Chinese Red Pika area.png
Size: 18–19 cm (7–7 in) long [9]

Habitat: Rocky areas [10]

Diet: Variety of plants [10]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [10]

Collared pika

Collared Pika (6187105360).jpg

O. collaris
Nelson, 1893
Northwestern North America
Collared Pika area.png
Size: 14–21 cm (6–8 in) long [11]

Habitat: Rocky areas [12]

Diet: Variety of plants, as well as bird brains [12]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [12]

Daurian pika

Ochotona daurica.jpg

O. dauurica
Pallas, 1776

Four subspecies
  • O. d. annectens
  • O. d. bedfordi
  • O. d. dauurica
  • O. d. mursavi
Northeastern Asia
Daurian Pika area.png
Size: 17–22 cm (7–9 in) long [13]

Habitat: Grassland [14]

Diet: Shrubs, grass, legumes, and flowers [13]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [14]

Forrest's pika O. forresti
Thomas, 1923
Southeastern Asia
Forrest's Pika area.png
Size: 15–19 cm (6–7 in) long [15]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [16]

Diet: Variety of plants [16]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [16]

Gansu pika

Ochotona cansus.jpg

O. cansus
Lyon, 1907

Four subspecies
  • O. c. cansus
  • O. c. morosa
  • O. c. sorella
  • O. c. stevensi
Central China
Gansu Pika area.png
Size: 11–17 cm (4–7 in) long [17]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [18]

Diet: Shrubs and other plants [18]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [18]

Glover's pika O. gloveri
Thomas, 1922

Three subspecies
  • O. g. brookei
  • O. g. calloceps
  • O. g. gloveri
Central China
Glover's Pika area.png
Size: 16–25 cm (6–10 in) long [19]

Habitat: Rocky areas [20]

Diet: Forbs, sedge, and grass [19]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [20]

Helan Shan pika O. argentata
Howell, 1928
Central China
Helan Shan Pika area.png
Size: 20–24 cm (8–9 in) long [21]

Habitat: Rocky areas [22]

Diet: Variety of plants [22]
 EN 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [22]

Hoffmann's pika O. hoffmanni
Formozov, Yakhontov, Dmitriev, 1996
Northern Mongolia
Hoffmann's Pika area.png
Size: 19–21 cm (7–8 in) long [23]

Habitat: Rocky areas [24]

Diet: Variety of plants [23]
 EN 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [24]

Ili pika O. iliensis
Li, Ma, 1986
Western China
Ili Pika area.png
Size: 20–21 cm (8–8 in) long [25]

Habitat: Rocky areas [26]

Diet: Herbs and shrubs [25]
 EN 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [26]

Kazakh pika O. opaca
Argiropulo, 1930
Central AsiaSize: 17–22 cm (7–9 in) long [27]

Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas [28]

Diet: Shrubs, herbs, and grass [27]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [28]

Korean pika O. coreana
Allen, Andrews, 1913
North Korea and southeastern ChinaSize: 16–21 cm (6–8 in) long [29]

Habitat: Rocky areas [30]

Diet: Herbs, shrubs, forbs, fungi, berries, seeds, and lichen [30]
 DD 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [30]

Koslov's pika

Ochotona koslowi.jpg

O. koslowi
Büchner, 1894
Western China
Kozlov's Pika area.png
Size: 22–24 cm (9–9 in) long [31]

Habitat: Grassland [32]

Diet: Sedges and other plants [31]
 EN 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [32]

Ladak pika

Ladakh Pika 2007.jpg

O. ladacensis
Günther, 1875
Western China and northern India and Pakistan
Ladak Pika area.png
Size: 18–25 cm (7–10 in) long [33]

Habitat: Grassland [34]

Diet: Shrubs, flowers, and roots [33]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [34]

Large-eared pika

The Pika.jpg

O. macrotis
Günther, 1875

Five subspecies
  • O. m. auritus
  • O. m. chinensis
  • O. m. macrotis
  • O. m. sacana
  • O. m. wollastoni
Central Asia and central China
Large-eared Pika area.png
Size: 15–20 cm (6–8 in) long [35]

Habitat: Rocky areas [36]

Diet: Grass, legumes, sedges, herbs, berries, twigs, moss, and lichen [37]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [36]

Manchurian pika O. mantchurica
Thomas, 1909
Northeastern ChinaSize: 13–22 cm (5–9 in) long [38]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas [39]

Diet: Variety of plants [38]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [39]

Moupin pika O. thibetana
Milne-Edwards, 1871

Five subspecies
  • O. t. nangqenica
  • O. t. osgoodi
  • O. t. sacraria (Sacred pika)
  • O. t. sikimaria (Sikkim pika)
  • O. t. thibetana
Central China
Ochotona thibetana range.svg
Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long [40]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [41]

Diet: Variety of plants [41]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [41]

Northern pika

Nabliudatel'naia poza pishchukhi.jpg

O. hyperborea
Pallas, 1811

Seven subspecies
  • O. h. cinereoflava
  • O. h. ferruginea
  • O. h. hyperborea
  • O. h. normalis
  • O. h. uralensis
  • O. h. yesoensis
  • O. h. yoshikurai
Northeastern Asia
Northern Pika area.png
Size: 13–29 cm (5–11 in) long [42]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas [43]

Diet: Herbs, shrubs, forbs, fungi, berries, seeds, and lichen [42]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [43]

Nubra pika O. nubrica
Thomas, 1922

Two subspecies
  • O. n. lhasaensis
  • O. n. nubrica
South Asia
Nubra Pika area.png
Size: 14–19 cm (6–7 in) long [44]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [45]

Diet: Variety of plants [44]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [45]

Pallas's pika

Ochotona pallasi.jpg

O. pallasi
Gray, 1867

Four subspecies
  • O. p. hamica
  • O. p. pallasi
  • O. p. pricei
  • O. p. sunidica
Central and Eastern Asia
Pallas's Pika area.png
Size: 19–23 cm (7–9 in) long [46]

Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas [47]

Diet: Grass and herbs [48]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [47]

Plateau pika

Plateau pika of the Tibetan Plateau.jpg

O. curzoniae
Hodgson, 1858
Western China and Northern India
Plateau Pika area.png
Size: 16–21 cm (6–8 in) long [29]

Habitat: Grassland and desert [49]

Diet: Variety of plants [49]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [49]

Royle's pika

Royle'sPika-Ochotona roylei-Tungnath-Uttarkhand-India-3thJune2013.jpg

O. roylei
Ogilby, 1839

Two subspecies
  • O. r. himalayana (Himalayan pika)
  • O. r. nepalensis
  • O. r. roylei
  • O. r. wardi
Western China and Northern IndiaSize: 13–21 cm (5–8 in) long [50]

Habitat: Rocky areas [51]

Diet: Forbs, as well as other plants [50]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [51]

Steppe pika

Ochotona pusilla.tif

O. pusilla
Pallas, 1769

Two subspecies
  • O. p. angustifrons
  • O. p. pusilla
Central Asia
Steppe Pika area.png
Size: 15–21 cm (6–8 in) long [52]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [53]

Diet: Grass and above-ground vegetation [52]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [53]

Thomas's pika O. thomasi
Argiropulo, 1948
Central China
Thomas's Pika area.png
Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long [54]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [55]

Diet: Variety of plants [55]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [55]

Tsing-ling pika O. syrinx
Matschie, 1908
Central China
Tsing-ling Pika area.png
Size: 13–18 cm (5–7 in) long [56]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [57]

Diet: Variety of plants [57]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [57]

Turkestan red pika

Ochotona rutila.JPG

O. rutila
Sévertsov, 1873
Central Asia
Turkestan Red Pika area.png
Size: 18–26 cm (7–10 in) long [58]

Habitat: Rocky areas [59]

Diet: Grass and other plants [59]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [59]

Turuchan pika

Ochotona turuchanensis 28418699 (cropped).jpg

O. turuchanensis
Naumov, 1934
Central Russia
Turuchan Pika area.png
Size: 15–22 cm (6–9 in) long [60]

Habitat: Rocky areas [61]

Diet: Variety of plants [61]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [61]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gansu pika</span> Species of mammal

The Gansu pika or gray pika is a species of mammal in the pika family, Ochotonidae. It is endemic to China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Forrest's pika</span> Species of mammal

The Forrest's pika is a species of mammal in the pika family, Ochotonidae. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, and Myanmar. The summer dorsal pelage and ventral pelage are dark rufous or blackish brown, and the winter dorsal pelage is a grayish brown, slightly lighter in tone than the ventral pelage. It is a generalist herbivore. It was assessed by the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species as insufficiently known in 1994, as near threatened in 1996, and re-assessed in 2008 as a species of least concern.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gaoligong pika</span> Species of mammal

The Gaoligong pika is a species of mammal in the family Ochotonidae. It is endemic to China. Many of the general physical characteristics of the pika species, are shared by Gaoligong pikas. However, the Gaoligong pika is specifically characterized by unique physical characteristics, including a red-brown colored crown around the neck and black behind the ears. They can produce one litter per year and can live up to three years. Their behavior is currently undetermined due to limited information available about the species. This is due to the inaccessibility of their habitat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glover's pika</span> Species of mammal

Glover's pika is a species of mammal in the family Ochotonidae. It was first described in 1922, by Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas. The summer dorsal pelage is grayish rufous, grayish brown, or tea brown in colour. The winter pelage is similar to the summer pelage, but is lighter in tone. Endemic to China, it is found in high altitudes of northeastern Tibet, southwestern Qinghai, western Sichuan, and northwestern Yunnan. It is a generalist herbivore, and is known to construct haypiles. It is rated as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It is also regionally red listed as least concern in China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hoffmann's pika</span> Species of mammal

Hoffmann's pika is a species of mammal in the pika family, Ochotonidae, that is endemic to Mongolia. It is currently listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Koslov's pika</span> Species of mammal

Koslov's pika or Kozlov's pika is a species of mammal in the family Ochotonidae. It is endemic to China. Its natural habitat is tundra. It is threatened by habitat loss. Kozlov's pika are herbivores, they are known as "ecosystem engineers" as they're known to promote diversity of different plants species. Specifically, this species of Pikas has been enlisted as "endangered" in China. Kozlov Pikas are estimated to be within the Northern edge of the Arkatag Range in China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ladak pika</span> Species of mammal

The Ladak pika, also known as the Ladakh pika, is a species of mammal in the family Ochotonidae found in China, India, and Pakistan. Prior to identification as a separate species, specimens were thought to be of the plateau pika. Named for the Ladakh region, they are commonly found in valleys of the mountain ranges spanning from Pakistan through India to China at an elevation between 4,300 and 5,450 m and are herbivores.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Large-eared pika</span> Species of mammal

The large-eared pika is a species of small mammal in the family Ochotonidae. It is found in mountainous regions of Afghanistan, Tibet, Bhutan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan and Tajikistan where it nests among boulders and scree.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nubra pika</span> Species of mammal

The Nubra pika is a species of mammal of the pika family, Ochotonidae. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steppe pika</span> Species of mammal

The steppe pika is a small mammal of the pika family, Ochotonidae. It is found in the steppes of southern Russia and northern Kazakhstan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royle's pika</span> Species of mammal

Royle's pika, also called the Himalayan mouse hare or hui shutu, is a species of pika. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Afghan pika</span> Species of mammal

The Afghan pika is a species of small mammal in the pika family, Ochotonidae. It is found in Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan and Turkmenistan and the IUCN lists it as being of "least concern".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkestan red pika</span> Species of mammal

The Turkestani red pika is a species of mammal in the family Ochotonidae. The summer fur at its back is bright rufous and the ventral fur is white or ochraceous. The winter dorsal fur is pale brown and the ventral fur is white or light ochraceous in colour. It is found in the mountains of western Xinjiang in China, and sporadically also in the central Asian mountains in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The female has a low fertility rate, and gives birth to offspring during the breeding season from spring to summer. She generally produces two litters each year, with two to six young. It is rated as a species of least concern on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Endangered Species, but it is considered to be near-threatened within the China part of its range.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moupin pika</span> Species of mammal

The Moupin pika, also known as Ribetischer Pika, Moupin-Pika, Pika del Tibet, and Manipuri pika, is a species of mammal in the pika family, Ochotonidae. It has many subspecies, some of which may be distinct species. Its summer pelage is dark russet-brown with some light spots on the dorsal side, and ochraceous buff tinged on the belly. In winter it is lighter, with buff to dull brown dorsal pelage. A generalist herbivore, it is found in the mountains of the eastern Tibetan Plateau in China, Bhutan, India (Sikkim), and northern Myanmar. Both the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Endangered Species and the Red List of China's Vertebrates classify it as a species of least concern; although one subspecies may be endangered.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas's pika</span> Species of mammal

Thomas's pika, also known as the Thomas-pika, is a species of small mammal in the pika family, Ochotonidae. The fur on its upper body is reddish brown in summer, and mouse grey in winter. It is a generalist herbivore threatened by habitat loss, being found on isolated peaks of the eastern Qilian Mountains in Qinghai, Gansu, and northwestern Sichuan, in China. The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Endangered Species assessed the animal as insufficiently known in 1994, as near threatened in 1996, and as a species of least concern in 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pallas's pika</span> Species of mammal

Pallas's pika, also known as the Mongolian pika, is a species of small mammals in the pika family, Ochotonidae. It is found mainly in the mountains of western Mongolia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tsing-ling pika</span> Species of mammal

The Tsing-ling pika is a species of pika endemic to the mountains in Central China. It inhabits mountainous forests and shrublands. It is a poorly known species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Turuchan pika</span> Species of mammal

The Turuchan pika is a species of pika found in isolated regions in the Central Siberian Plateau. It is a small (16–19 cm) rock dwelling species that is active during the day due to the low temperature at night. It was previously thought to be a subspecies of the Northern pika. Little is known about this species, but is known to be locally abundant.

References

  1. "Fossilworks: Ochotonidae". Paleobiology Database . University of Wisconsin–Madison . Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  2. Wilson, pp. 185–192
  3. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 77
  4. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Johnston, C. (2016). "Ochotona rufescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41269A45184750. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41269A45184750.en .
  5. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 31
  6. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Cook, J. (2016). "Ochotona alpina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41255A45182115. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41255A45182115.en .
  7. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 68–70
  8. 1 2 Smith, A. T. and Beever; E. (2016). "Ochotona princeps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41267A45184315. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41267A45184315.en .
  9. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 46
  10. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona erythrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41260A45183115. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41260A45183115.en .
  11. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 36
  12. 1 2 3 Lanier, H. and Hik; D. (2016). "Ochotona collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41257A45182533. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41257A45182533.en .
  13. 1 2 Ciwko, Erin (2014). "Ochotona dauurica". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  14. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Cook, J. (2016). "Ochotona dauurica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41259A45182905. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41259A45182905.en .
  15. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 47
  16. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Liu, S. (2016). "Ochotona forresti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15048A45178927. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15048A45178927.en .
  17. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 35
  18. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Liu, S. (2016). "Ochotona cansus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41256A45182335. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41256A45182335.en .
  19. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 48–49
  20. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Liu, S. (2016). "Ochotona gloveri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41261A45183256. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41261A45183256.en .
  21. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 33
  22. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Li, W. (2016). "Ochotona argentata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41986A45194521. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41986A45194521.en .
  23. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 50
  24. 1 2 Smith, A. T. and Lissovsky; A. (2016). "Ochotona hoffmanni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T40800A45181807. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T40800A45181807.en .
  25. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 54
  26. 1 2 Li, W.; Smith, A. T. (2019). "Ochotona iliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T15050A45179204. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T15050A45179204.en .
  27. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 63–64
  28. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona opaca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T99892252A99892261. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T99892252A99892261.en .
  29. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 40
  30. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Jo, Y.-S. (2019) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Ochotona coreana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T87948071A161750319. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T87948071A161750319.en .
  31. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 56
  32. 1 2 Li, W.; Smith, A. T. (2019). "Ochotona koslowi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T15046A45178669. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T15046A45178669.en .
  33. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 57–58
  34. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Li, W. (2016). "Ochotona ladacensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41264A45183725. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41264A45183725.en .
  35. Jordan, Dana (2005). "Ochotona macrotis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  36. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona macrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41265A45183918. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41265A45183918.en .
  37. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 59
  38. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 60–61
  39. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona mantchurica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T87948094A87948100. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T87948094A87948100.en .
  40. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 83
  41. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Liu, S. (2016). "Ochotona thibetana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41271A45185018. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41271A45185018.en .
  42. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 51–52
  43. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona hyperborea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T87948061A45183490. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T87948061A45183490.en .
  44. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 62
  45. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Li, W. (2016). "Ochotona nubrica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15051A45179343. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15051A45179343.en .
  46. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 66
  47. 1 2 Lissovsky, A.; Smith, A. T. (2016). "Ochotona pallasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T99890206A45184094. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T99890206A45184094.en .
  48. DeMers, Anna (2007). "Ochotona pallasi". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  49. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T. and Liu; S. (2019) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Ochotona curzoniae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41258A160699229. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41258A160699229.en .
  50. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 75–76
  51. 1 2 Smith, A. T. and Bhattacharyya; S. (2016). "Ochotona roylei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41268A45184591. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41268A45184591.en .
  52. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 73
  53. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona pusilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15052A45179445. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15052A45179445.en .
  54. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 84
  55. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Liu, S. (2019). "Ochotona thomasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T15053A45179577. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T15053A45179577.en .
  56. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 82
  57. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T. and Lissovsky; A. (2016). "Ochotona syrinx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T87948175A87948187. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T87948175A87948187.en .
  58. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 80
  59. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona rutila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41270A45184897. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41270A45184897.en .
  60. Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 86
  61. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T. and Lissovsky; A. (2016). "Ochotona turuchanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41503A45194115. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41503A45194115.en .

Sources