List of extinct cetaceans

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The list of extinct cetaceans features the extinct genera and species of the order Cetacea. The cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) are descendants of land-living mammals, the even-toed ungulates. The earliest cetaceans were still hoofed mammals. These early cetaceans became gradually better adapted for swimming than for walking on land, finally evolving into fully marine cetaceans.

Contents

This list currently includes only fossil genera and species. However, the Atlantic population of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) became extinct in the 18th century, and the baiji (or Chinese river dolphin, Lipotes vexillifer) was declared "functionally extinct" after an expedition in late 2006 failed to find any in the Yangtze River.

Suborder Archaeoceti

Family Ambulocetidae

(Eocene)

Dorudon Dorudon BW.jpg
Dorudon

Family Basilosauridae

(Late Eocene)

Basilosaurus cetoides reconstruction Basilosaurus1DB.jpg
Basilosaurus cetoides reconstruction

Family Kekenodontidae

(Oligocene)


Family Pakicetidae

(Early to Middle Eocene)

Ambulocetus skeleton in front and Pakicetus behind Ambulocetus et pakicetus.jpg
Ambulocetus skeleton in front and Pakicetus behind

Family Protocetidae

(Eocene)

Rhodocetus kasrani reconstruction Rhodocetus BW.jpg
Rhodocetus kasrani reconstruction

Family Remingtonocetidae

(Eocene)

Suborder Mysticeti

Family Llanocetidae

(Late Eocene-Early Oligocene)

Family Mammalodontidae

(jr synonym Janjucetidae)

Janjucetus hunderi Janjucetus Melb Museum email.jpg
Janjucetus hunderi

(Late Oligocene)

Family incertae sedis

Clade Kinetomenta

Family Aetiocetidae

(Oligocene)

Aetiocetus restoration Aetiocetus BW.jpg
Aetiocetus restoration

Clade Chaeomysticeti

Family incertae sedis

Superfamily Eomysticetoidea

Family Cetotheriopsidae

(Oligocene to Miocene)

Family Eomysticetidae

(Oligocene to early Miocene)

Family Aglaocetidae

(Miocene)

Superfamily Balaenoidea

Family Balaenidae

(Miocene to Recent)

Family incertae sedis

Clade Thalassotherii

Family Cetotheriidae

(Miocene - Pliocene)

Classification follows Steeman (2007) unless otherwise noted. [13]

Cetotherium restoration Cetotherium BW.jpg
Cetotherium restoration


Family Diorocetidae

(Miocene to Pliocene)

Family Neobalaenidae

(Miocene to Recent)

Family Pelocetidae

(Miocene)

Family incertae sedis

Superfamily Balaenopteroidea

Eobalaenoptera skeleton Eobalaenoptera.jpg
Eobalaenoptera skeleton
Family Balaenopteridae

(Miocene to Recent)

Family Eschrichtiidae

(Miocene to Recent)

Family Tranatocetidae
Family incertae sedis

Suborder Odontoceti

Basal forms

Family Agorophiidae

(Early Oligocene)

Family Ashleycetidae

(Early Oligocene)

Family Patriocetidae

(Oligocene to Early Miocene)

Family Simocetidae

(Early Oligocene)

Family Xenorophidae

(Late Oligocene)

Family Inticetidae

Family Microzeuglodontidae

Family Squaloziphiidae

(Late Oligocene to Early Miocene)

Family incertae sedis

Superfamily Squalodontoidea

Family Dalpiazinidae

(Late Oligocene to Miocene)

Family Prosqualodontidae

(Late Oligocene-Middle Miocene)

Superfamily Physeteroidea

Family Kogiidae

(Miocene to recent)

Family Physeteridae

Family incertae sedis

Superfamily "Eurhinodelphinoidea"

Family Argyrocetidae

(Late Oligocene to Early Miocene)

Family Eoplatanistidae

(Miocene)

Family Eurhinodelphinidae

(Late Oligocene to Late Miocene)

Macrodelphinus & Eurhinodelphis Macrodelphinus kelloggi.jpg
Macrodelphinus & Eurhinodelphis

Superfamily Platanistoidea

Family Allodelphinidae

(Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene)

Life reconstruction of Arktocara yakataga Arktocara NT small.jpg
Life reconstruction of Arktocara yakataga

Family Platanistidae

(Early Miocene to Recent)

Family Squalodelphinidae

(Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene)

Family Squalodontidae

(Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene)

Family Waipatiidae

(Late Oligocene to Early Miocene)

Superfamily Ziphioidea

Family Ziphiidae

(Miocene to Recent)

Clade Delphinida

Family incertae sedis

Superfamily Delphinoidea

Family Albireonidae

(Miocene to Pliocene)

Family Delphinidae
Etruridelphis giulii Delfino etrusco.JPG
Etruridelphis giulii

(Oligocene to Recent)

Family Kentriodontidae

(Oligocene to Pliocene)

Kentriodon reconstruction Kentriodon BW.jpg
Kentriodon reconstruction
Family Monodontidae

(Miocene to Recent)

Family Odobenocetopsidae

(Late Miocene to Early Pliocene)

Odobenocetops reconstruction Odobenocetops BW.jpg
Odobenocetops reconstruction
Family Phocoenidae

(Miocene to Recent)

Superfamily Inioidea

Family Iniidae

(Miocene to Recent)

Family Pontoporiidae

(Middle Miocene to Recent)

Superfamily Lipotoidea

Family Lipotidae

(Late Miocene to Recent)

Superfamily incertae sedis

Family incertae sedis

See also

References

  1. ↑ Philip D. Gingerich (December 20, 2007). "STROMERIUS NIDENSIS, NEW ARCHAEOCETE (MAMMALIA, CETACEA) FROM THE UPPER EOCENE QASR EL-SAGHA FORMATION, FAYUM, EGYPT" (PDF). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology. 31 (13). UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN: 363–378.
  2. ↑ Corrie, Joshua E.; Fordyce, R. Ewan (2024-01-31). "A new genus and species of kekenodontid from the late Oligocene of New Zealand with comments on the evolution of tooth displacement in Cetacea". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 54 (5): 722–737. Bibcode:2024JRSNZ..54..722C. doi: 10.1080/03036758.2023.2297696 . ISSN   0303-6758. PMC   11459822 . PMID   39440285.
  3. ↑ Gingerich, P.D.; et al. (2001). "Origin of Whales from Early Artiodactyls: Hands and Feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan". Science. 293 (5538): 2239–2242. Bibcode:2001Sci...293.2239G. doi:10.1126/science.1063902. PMID   11567134. S2CID   21441797.
  4. 1 2 Bajpai, Sunil; Thewissen, J.G.M. (2014). "Protocetid cetaceans (Mammalia) from the Eocene of India". Palaeontologia Electronica. 17 (3): 34A.
  5. ↑ Philip D. Gingerich and Henri Cappetta (2014). "A New Archaeocete and Other Marine Mammals (Cetacea and Sirenia) from Lower Middle Eocene Phosphate Deposits of Togo". Journal of Paleontology. 88 (1): 109–129. Bibcode:2014JPal...88..109G. doi:10.1666/13-040. S2CID   85915213.
  6. ↑ Bebej, Ryan M.; Zalmout, Iyad S.; Abed El-Aziz, Ahmed A.; Mohammed; Antar, Sameh M.; Gingerich, Philip D. (2016). "First remingtonocetid archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene of Egypt with implications for biogeography and locomotion in early cetacean evolution". Journal of Paleontology. 89 (5): 882–893. doi:10.1017/jpa.2015.57. S2CID   131700344.
  7. ↑ Geisler, Jonathan H.; Boessenecker, Robert W.; Brown, Mace; Beatty, Brian L. (2017). "The Origin of Filter Feeding in Whales". Current Biology. 27 (13): 2036–2042.e2. Bibcode:2017CBio...27E2036G. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.003 . PMID   28669761.
  8. ↑ Marx, Felix G.; Tsai, Cheng-Hsiu; Fordyce, R. Ewan (2015). "A new Early Oligocene toothed 'baleen' whale (Mysticeti: Aetiocetidae) from western North America: one of the oldest and the smallest". Royal Society Open Science. 2 (12): 150476. Bibcode:2015RSOS....250476M. doi: 10.1098/rsos.150476 . PMC   4807455 . PMID   27019734.
  9. ↑ Michelangelo Bisconti; Piero Damarco; Selina Mao; Marco Pavia; Giorgio Carnevale (2020). "The earliest baleen whale from the Mediterranean: large-scale implications of an early Miocene thalassotherian mysticete from Piedmont, Italy". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (2): 1147–1166. doi:10.1002/spp2.1336. S2CID   225373484.
  10. ↑ Hernández-Cisneros, A. E.; Schwennicke, T.; Rochín-Bañaga, H.; Tsai, C.H. (2024). "Echericetus novellus n. gen. n. sp. (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Eomysticetidae), an Oligocene baleen whale from Baja California Sur, Mexico". Journal of Paleontology. 97 (6): 1309–1328. doi: 10.1017/jpa.2023.80 .
  11. ↑ Yoshihiro Tanaka; Hitoshi Furusawa; Masaichi Kimura (2020). "A new member of fossil balaenid (Mysticeti, Cetacea) from the early Pliocene of Hokkaido, Japan". Royal Society Open Science. 7 (4): Article ID 192182. Bibcode:2020RSOS....792182T. doi:10.1098/rsos.192182. PMC   7211833 . PMID   32431893.
  12. ↑ Bisconti, M.; Chicchi, S.; Monegatti, P.; Scacchetti, M.; Campanini, R.; Marsili, S.; Carnevale, G. (2023). "Taphonomy, osteology and functional morphology of a partially articulated skeleton of an archaic Pliocene right whale from Emilia Romagna (NW Italy)". Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 62 (3): 231–262. doi:10.4435/BSPI.2023.09 (inactive 2024-11-20).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  13. ↑ M. E. Steeman (2007). "Cladistic analysis and a revised classification of fossil and recent mysticetes". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 150 (4): 875–894. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00313.x .
  14. ↑ Figueiredo, Rodrigo; Bosselaers, Mark; Póvoas, Liliana; Castanhinha, Rui (2024-03-13). "Redescription of three fossil baleen whale skulls from the Miocene of Portugal reveals new cetotheriid phylogenetic insights". PLOS ONE. 19 (3): e0298658. Bibcode:2024PLoSO..1998658F. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298658 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   10936793 . PMID   38478506.
  15. ↑ Otsuka, H.; Ota, Y. (2008). "Cetotheres from the early Middle Miocene Bihoku Group in Shobara District, Hiroshima Prefecture, West Japan". Miscellaneous Reports of the Hiwa Museum for Natural History. 49 (2): 1–66.
  16. ↑ Bisconti, M. (2006). "Titanocetus, a new baleen whale from the middle Miocene of northern Italy (Mammalia, Cetacea, Mysticeti)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (2): 344–354. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[344:tanbwf]2.0.co;2. JSTOR   4524574. S2CID   86070080.
  17. ↑ Tarasenko, K. K. (2014). "Novye rody usatykh kitov (Cetacea, Mammalia) iz miotsena Severnogo Kavkaza i Predkavkaz'ya. 3. Zygiocetus gen. nov. (srednii sarmat, Adygeya)". Paleontological Journal. 48 (5).
  18. ↑ Robert W. Boessenecker (2013). "A new marine vertebrate assemblage from the Late Neogene Purisima Formation in Central California, part II: Pinnipeds and Cetaceans". Geodiversitas. 35 (4): 815–940. doi:10.5252/g2013n4a5. S2CID   85940452.
  19. ↑ Bisconti, M.; Bosselaers, M. (2016). "Fragilicetus velponi: a new mysticete genus and species and its implications for the origin of Balaenopteridae (Mammalia, Cetacea, Mysticeti)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (2): 450–474. doi: 10.1111/zoj.12370 .
  20. ↑ Michelangelo Bisconti; Piero Damarco; Marco Pavia; Barbara Sorce; Giorgio Carnevale (2021). "Marzanoptera tersillae, a new balaenopterid genus and species from the Pliocene of Piedmont, north-west Italy" . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 192 (4): 1253–1292. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa131.
  21. ↑ Kellogg, R. (1934). "A new cetothere from the Modelo Formation at Los Angeles, California". Carnegie Institution of Washington. 447: 83–104.
  22. ↑ Churchill, Morgan; Martinez-Caceres, Manuel; De Muizon, Christian; Mnieckowski, Jessica; Geisler, Jonathan H. (2016). "The Origin of High-Frequency Hearing in Whales". Current Biology. 26 (16): 2144–2149. Bibcode:2016CBio...26.2144C. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.004 . PMID   27498568.
  23. ↑ Fitzgerald, E.M.G. (2004). "A review of the Tertiary fossil Cetacea (Mammalia) localities in Australia". Memoirs of Museum Victoria. 61 (2): 183–208. doi: 10.24199/j.mmv.2004.61.12 .
  24. ↑ Alberto Collareta; Olivier Lambert; Christian de Muizon; Aldo Marcelo Benites Palomino; Mario Urbina; Giovanni Bianucci (2020). "A new physeteroid from the late Miocene of Peru expands the diversity of extinct dwarf and pygmy sperm whales (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 19 (5): 79–100. doi: 10.5852/cr-palevol2020v19a5 . hdl: 11568/1070698 . S2CID   222287604.
  25. ↑ Florencia Paolucci; Marta S. Fernández; Mónica R. Buono; José I. Cuitiño (2020). "'Aulophyseter' rionegrensis (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Physeteroidea) from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina): a reappraisal". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 192 (4): 1293–1322. doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa137 .
  26. ↑ Bisconti, M.; Daniello, R.; Stecca, R.; Carnevale, G. "A new Pliocene sperm whale from Vigliano D'Asti, Piedmont, Northwest Italy". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 131 (1): 139–175. doi:10.54103/2039-4942/22338.
  27. ↑ Remington, Kellogg (1927). "Study of the skull of a fossil sperm-whale from the Temblor Miocene of Southern California". Contributions to Palaeontology from the Carnegie Institution of Washington: 3–24.
  28. ↑ Lambert, O.; Bianucci, G.; Post, K.; de Muizon, C.; Salas-Gismondi, R.; Urbina, M.; Reumer, J. (2010). "The giant bite of a new raptorial sperm whale from the Miocene epoch of Peru". Nature. 466 (7302): 105–108. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..105L. doi:10.1038/nature09067. PMID   20596020. S2CID   4369352.
  29. ↑ Olivier Lambert; Christian de Muizon; Mario Urbina; Giovanni Bianucci (2020). "A new longirostrine sperm whale (Cetacea, Physeteroidea) from the lower Miocene of the Pisco Basin (southern coast of Peru)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (20): 1707–1742. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18.1707L. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1805520. S2CID   221838686.
  30. ↑ Tanaka, Yoshihiro; Fordyce, R. Ewan (2016). "Awamokoa tokarahi, a new basal dolphin in the Platanistoidea (late Oligocene, New Zealand)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 15 (5): 1. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1202339. S2CID   88599973.
  31. 1 2 Kimura, T.; Barnes, L.G. (2016). "New Miocene fossil Allodelphinidae(Cetacea, Odontoceti, Platanistoidea) from the North Pacific Ocean". Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History. 20: 1–58.
  32. ↑ Giovanni Bianucci; Christian de Muizon; Mario Urbina; Olivier Lambert (2020). "Extensive diversity and disparity of the early Miocene platanistoids (Cetacea, Odontoceti) in the southeastern Pacific (Chilcatay Formation, Peru)". Life. 10 (3): Article 27. Bibcode:2020Life...10...27B. doi: 10.3390/life10030027 . PMC   7151620 . PMID   32197480.
  33. ↑ Lambert, Olivier; Bianucci, Giovanni; Urbina, Mario (2014). "Huaridelphis raimondii, a new early Miocene Squalodelphinidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the Chilcatay Formation, Peru". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (5): 987–1004. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34..987L. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2014.858050 .
  34. ↑ Gabriel Aguirre-Fernández and R. Ewan Fordyce (2014). "Papahu taitapu, gen. et sp. nov., an early Miocene stem odontocete (Cetacea) from New Zealand" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 195–210. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34..195A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.799069. S2CID   39844420.
  35. ↑ Lambert, O.; Louwye, S. (2016). "A new early Pliocene species of Mesoplodon: a calibration mark for the radiation of this species-rich beaked whale genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1055754. Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E5754L. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1055754. S2CID   88446578.
  36. ↑ G. Bianucci, O. Lambert, and K. Post. 2007. A high diversity in fossil beaked whales (Mammalia, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) recovered by trawling from the sea floor off South Africa. Geodiversitas 29(4):561-618
  37. ↑ Miyazaki, N.; Hasegawa, Y. 1992: A new species of fossil beaked whale, Mesoplodon tumidirostris sp. nov. (Cetacea, Ziphiidae) from the Central North Pacific. Bulletin of the National Science Museum (A), 18: 167–174.
  38. ↑ Post, Klaas; Kompanje, Erwin J.O. (2010). "A new dolphin (Cetacea, Delphinidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the North Sea". Deinsea. 14: 1–13.
  39. ↑ Giovanni Bianucci (2013). "Septidelphis morii, n. gen. et sp., from the Pliocene of Italy: new evidence of the explosive radiation of true dolphins (Odontoceti, Delphinidae)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (3): 722–740. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33..722B. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.744757. S2CID   86571408.
  40. ↑ Racicot, Rachel A.; Deméré, Thomas A.; Beatty, Brian L.; Boessenecker, Robert W. (2014). "Unique Feeding Morphology in a New Prognathous Extinct Porpoise from the Pliocene of California". Current Biology. 24 (7): 774–779. Bibcode:2014CBio...24..774R. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.02.031 . PMID   24631245.
  41. ↑ Olivier Lambert; Alberto Collareta; Aldo Benites-Palomino; Claudio Di Celma; Christian de Muizon; Mario Urbina; Giovanni Bianucci (2020). "A new small, mesorostrine inioid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinida) from four upper Miocene localities in the Pisco Basin, Peru". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (2): 1043–1064. doi:10.1002/spp2.1332. hdl: 11581/438244 . S2CID   225495166.
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