List of bovids

Last updated

Six bovid species (clockwise from top left): addax, cattle, mountain gazelle, impala, blue wildebeest, and mouflon Bovidae-0001.jpg
Six bovid species (clockwise from top left): addax, cattle, mountain gazelle, impala, blue wildebeest, and mouflon

Bovidae is a family of hoofed ruminant mammals in the order Artiodactyla. A member of this family is called a bovid. They are widespread throughout Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America, and are found in a variety of biomes, most typically forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland. Bovids range in size from the 38 cm (15 in) long royal antelope to the 3.3 m (11 ft) long gaur, which can reach 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) in weight. [1] Over a billion each of domesticated sheep, cattle, and goats, and over 200 million domesticated water buffalo, 14 million domestic yak, and 300,000 domesticated gayal are used in farming worldwide. Many wild species do not have population estimates, though the impala, springbok, and harnessed bushbuck have population sizes of over one million, while several species of bovid are considered endangered or critically endangered with populations as low as 25. One species, the scimitar oryx, was once extinct in the wild, though populations are now recovering. The bluebuck went extinct in the last 200 years, and the aurochs went extinct 400 years ago. A third extinct species, the red gazelle, potentially never existed, [2] and the kouprey is potentially extinct, with no sightings since 1969. [3]

Contents

The 146 extant species of Bovidae are split into 53 genera within 9 subfamilies: Aepycerotinae, or the impala; Alcelaphinae, containing the bontebok, hartebeest, wildebeest, and relatives; Antilopinae, containing several antelope, gazelles, and relatives; Bovinae, containing cattle, buffalos, bison, and other antelopes; Caprinae, containing goats, sheep, ibex, serows and relatives; Cephalophinae, or duikers; Hippotraginae, containing the addax, oryx, and relatives; Nesotraginae, or dwarf antelopes; and Reduncinae, or reedbuck and kob antelopes. Extinct species have also been placed into these subfamilies, as well as the extinct Hypsodontinae, Oiocerinae, and Tethytraginae subfamilies. Over one hundred extinct Bovidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed. [4]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX  Extinct (2 species)
 EW  Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR  Critically Endangered (6 species)
 EN  Endangered (19 species)
 VU  Vulnerable (24 species)
 NT  Near threatened (25 species)
 LC  Least concern (59 species)
Other categories
 DD  Data deficient (3 species)
 NE  Not evaluated (10 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the bovid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "".

Classification

The family Bovidae consists of 146 extant species belonging to 53 genera in 9 subfamilies and divided into hundreds of extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Additionally, the bluebuck went extinct in the last 200 years, and the aurochs went extinct 400 years ago.

Bovidae   
Bovinae   
Boselaphini   

Boselaphus   

Tetracerus   

Bovini   

Bison   

Bos   

Bubalus   

Pseudoryx   

Syncerus   

Tragelaphini   

Taurotragus   

Tragelaphus   

Antilopinae   
Antilopini   

Ammodorcas   

Antidorcas   

Antilope   

Eudorcas   

Gazella   

Litocranius   

Nanger   

Procapra   

Neotragini   

Dorcatragus   

Madoqua   

Neotragus   

Oreotragus   

Ourebia   

Raphicerus   

Nesotraginae   

Nesotragus   

Cephalophinae   

Cephalophus   

Philantomba   

Sylvicapra   

Reduncinae   

Kobus   

Pelea   

Redunca   

Aepycerotinae   

Aepyceros   

Caprinae

Ammotragus   

Arabitragus   

Capra   

Hemitragus   

Nilgiritragus   

Ovis   

Pseudois   

Capricornis   

Naemorhedus   

Oreamnos   

Rupicapra   

Budorcas   

Ovibos   

Pantholops   

Hippotraginae   

Addax   

Hippotragus   

Oryx   

Alcelaphinae   

Alcelaphus   

Beatragus   

Connochaetes   

Damaliscus   

Bovids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Subfamily Aepycerotinae

Genus Aepyceros Sundevall, 1847 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Impala

Trotting impala ram, crop.jpg

A. melampus
(Lichtenstein, 1812)

Two subspecies
  • A. m. melampus (Common impala)
  • A. m. petersi (Black-faced Impala)
Southern Africa (Common impala in green)
Aepyceros melampus.svg
Size: 120–160 cm (47–63 in) long, plus 30–45 cm (12–18 in) tail [5]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland [6]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [6] [7]
 LC 


2,000,000 Steady2.svg [6]

Subfamily Alcelaphinae

Genus Alcelaphus Blainville, 1816 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Hartebeest

Coke's Hartebeest.jpg

A. buselaphus
(Pallas, 1766)

Eight subspecies
Scattered sub-Saharan Africa
Alcelaphus recent.png
Size: 150–245 cm (59–96 in) long, plus 30–70 cm (12–28 in) tail [8]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [9]

Diet: Grass [9]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [9]

Genus Beatragus Heller, 1912 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Hirola

Hunter's Hartebeest CAS 1.JPG

B. hunteri
(P. L. Sclater, 1889)
Border between Kenya and Somalia
Beatragus hunteri distribution.svg
Size: 120–205 cm (47–81 in) long, plus 30–45 cm (12–18 in) tail [10]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland [11]

Diet: Grass, as well as forbs [10] [11]
 CR 


200–250 Decrease2.svg [11]

Genus Connochaetes Lichtenstein, 1812 – two species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Black wildebeest

Black Wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou) (31746882054).jpg

C. gnou
(Zimmermann, 1780)
Southern Africa
Connochaetes gnou map.svg
Size: 212–242 cm (83–95 in) long, plus 31–45 cm (12–18 in) tail [12]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [13]

Diet: Grass [13]
 LC 


11,200 Increase2.svg [13]

Blue wildebeest

Blue Wildebeest, Ngorongoro.jpg

C. taurinus
(Burchell, 1824)

Five subspecies
  • C. t. albojubatus (Eastern white-bearded wildebeest)
  • C. t. cooksoni (Cookson's wildebeest)
  • C. t. johnstoni (Nyassaland wildebeest)
  • C. t. mearnsi (Western white-bearded wildebeest)
  • C. t. taurinus (Common wildebeest)
Southern and eastern Africa
Connochaetes taurinus map.svg
Size: 170–240 cm (67–94 in) long, plus 60–100 cm (24–39 in) tail [5]

Habitat: Savanna and grassland [14]

Diet: Grass [14]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [14]

Genus Damaliscus P. L. Sclater, Thomas, 1894 – two species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Bontebok

Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus pygargus) (30573334994).jpg

D. pygargus
(Pallas, 1767)

Two subspecies
  • D. p. phillipsi (Blesbok)
  • D. p. pygargus
Southern AfricaSize: 140–160 cm (55–63 in) long, plus 30–45 cm (12–18 in) tail [15]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [16]

Diet: Grass and burnt veldt shrubs [16]
 LC 


55,000 Increase2.svg [16]

Tsessebe

Tsessebe (Botswana).jpg

D. lunatus
(Burchell, 1823)

Six subspecies
Scattered sub-Saharan Africa
Damaliscus lunatus.png
Size: 150–230 cm (59–91 in) long, plus 36–42 cm (14–17 in) tail [17]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland [18]

Diet: Grass [18]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [18]

Subfamily Antilopinae

Genus Ammodorcas Thomas, 1891 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Dibatag

Ammodorcas clarkei The book of antelopes (1894).jpg

A. clarkei
(Thomas, 1891)
Horn of Africa
Ammodorcas clarkii.png
Size: 152–168 cm (60–66 in) long, plus 25–35 cm (10–14 in) tail [19]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [20]

Diet: Leaves and shoots [19] [20]
 VU 


2,800 Decrease2.svg [20]

Genus Antidorcas Sundevall, 1847 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Springbok

Antidorcas marsupialis, male (Etosha, 2012).jpg

A. marsupialis
(Zimmermann, 1780)

Three subspecies
  • A. m. angolensis
  • A. m. hofmeyri
  • A. m. marsupialis
Southwestern AfricaSize: 120–150 cm (47–59 in) long, plus 14–28 cm (6–11 in) tail [21]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert [22]

Diet: Shrubs and grass [22]
 LC 


1,400,000–1,750,000 Increase2.svg [22]

Genus Antilope Pallas, 1766 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Blackbuck

BlackBuck.jpg

A. cervicapra
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Two subspecies
  • A. c. cervicapra
  • A. c. rajputanae
India (former range in light green)
Antilope cervicapra map.png
Size: Up to 120 cm (47 in) long [23]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, and desert [24]

Diet: Grass, as well as leaf litter, flowers, and fruit [24]
 LC 


35,000 Blue question mark (italic).svg [24]

Genus Dorcatragus Noack, 1894 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Beira

Dorcatragus megalotis.jpg

D. megalotis
(Menges, 1894)
Horn of Africa
Dorcatragus megalotis.png
Size: 76–87 cm (30–34 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [25]

Habitat: Shrubland, and rocky areas [26]

Diet: Shrubs [26]
 VU 


7,000 Decrease2.svg [26]

Genus Eudorcas Fitzinger, 1869 – five species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Heuglin's gazelle

The book of antelopes (1894) Gazella tilonura.png

E. tilonura
(Heuglin, 1863)
Northeastern Africa
Eritrean gazelle range.png
Size: 55–120 cm (22–47 in) long, plus 15–27 cm (6–11 in) tail [27]

Habitat: Savanna and shrubland [28]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [27]
 EN 


1,700–2,500 Decrease2.svg [28]

Mongalla gazelle

Eudorcas albonotata head.jpg

E. albonotata
(W. Rothschild, 1903)
South Sudan
Eudorcas albonotata.png
Size: 80–120 cm (31–47 in) long, plus 15–27 cm (6–11 in) tail [29]

Habitat: Savanna and grassland [30]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [29]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [30]

Red gazelle

Eudorcas rufina.jpg

E. rufina
Thomas, 1894
North AfricaSize: Unknown

Habitat: Unknown

Diet: Unknown
 DD 


0 Steady2.svg [2]

Red-fronted gazelle

Gazella rufifrons AB.jpg

E. rufifrons
(Gray, 1846)

Five subspecies
  • E. r. centralis (Eastern Chad red-fronted gazelle)
  • E. r. hasleri (North Nigeria red-fronted gazelle)
  • E. r. kanuri (Kanuri red-fronted gazelle)
  • E. r. laevipes (Nubian red-fronted gazelle)
  • E. r. rufifrons (Senegal red-fronted gazelle)
Sahel zone in central and western Africa
Eudorcas rufifrons.png
Size: 80–120 cm (31–47 in) long, plus 15–27 cm (6–11 in) tail [31]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [32]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [31]
 VU 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [32]

Thomson's gazelle

2009-thom-gazelle.jpg

E. thomsonii
(Günther, 1884)

Two subspecies
  • E. t. nasalis (Serengeti Thomson's gazelle)
  • E. t. thomsonii (Eastern Thomson's gazelle)
Eastern Africa
Eudorcas thomsonii.png
Size: 80–120 cm (31–47 in) long, plus 15–27 cm (6–11 in) tail [33]

Habitat: Savanna and grassland [34]

Diet: Grass, as well as forbs and fruit [34]
 LC 


145,000 Decrease2.svg [34]

Genus Gazella Blainville, 1816 – ten species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Arabian gazelle

The book of antelopes (1894) Gazella arabica.png

G. arabica
(Lichtenstein, 1827)

Two subspecies
  • G. a. arabica
  • G. a. bilkis
Arabian Peninsula Size: About 100 cm (39 in) long, plus 9 cm (4 in) tail [35]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [36]

Diet: Cyperus sedges [36]
 VU 


5,000–7,000 Decrease2.svg [36]

Arabian sand gazelle

Sand gazelle (gazella subgutturosa marica).jpg

G. marica
Thomas, 1897
Arabian PeninsulaSize: About 97 cm (38 in) long, plus 15 cm (6 in) tail [37]

Habitat: Desert [38]

Diet: Grass and forbs [37]
 VU 


1,700–2,200 Decrease2.svg [38]

Chinkara

Chinkara - Shreeram M V - Bikaner.jpg

G. bennettii
(Sykes, 1831)

Six subspecies
  • G. b. bennettii (Deccan chinkara)
  • G. b. christii (Gujarat chinkara)
  • G. b. fuscifrons (Kennion gazelle)
  • G. b. karamii (Bushehr gazelle)
  • G. b. salinarum (Salt Range gazelle)
  • G. b. shikarii (Jebeer gazelle)
South Asia
Range map of gazella bennettii.gif
Size: 90–120 cm (35–47 in) long [39]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and desert [40]

Diet: Grass, leaves, crops, and fruit [39]
 LC 


50,000–70,000 Decrease2.svg [40]

Cuvier's gazelle

Cuvier's Gazelle.jpg

G. cuvieri
(Ogilby, 1841)
Northwestern Africa
Gazella cuvieri.png
Size: 95–105 cm (37–41 in) long, plus 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [41]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and desert [42]

Diet: Leaves and grass [41]
 VU 


2,300–4,600 Decrease2.svg [42]

Dorcas gazelle

Dorcasgazellemarwell.jpg

G. dorcas
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Six subspecies
  • G. d. beccarii (Eritrean dorcas gazelle)
  • G. d. dorcas (Egyptian dorcas gazelle)
  • G. d. isabella (Isabelle dorcas gazelle)
  • G. d. massaesyla (Moroccan dorcas gazelle)
  • G. d. osiris (Saharan dorcas gazelle)
  • G. d. pelzelnii (Pelzeln's gazelle)
Northern Africa
Gazella dorcas map.png
Size: 90–110 cm (35–43 in) long, plus 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [43]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert [44]

Diet: Acacia tree flowers, leaves, and pods, as well as other fruit and leaves [45]
 VU 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [44]

Erlanger's gazelle


G. erlangeri
Neumann, 1906
Arabian PeninsulaSize: 110–125 cm (43–49 in) long, plus 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [46]

Habitat: Desert [46]

Diet: Grass [46]
 NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg

Goitered gazelle

Kuhertajagaselli Korkeasaari.jpg

G. subgutturosa
(Güldenstädt, 1780)

Three subspecies
  • G. s. gracilicornis (Turkmen gazelle)
  • G. s. subgutturosa (Persian gazelle)
  • G. s. yarkandensis (Yarkand gazelle)
Western and central Asia
Gazella subgutturosa map.png
Size: 90–115 cm (35–45 in) long, plus 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [47]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert [48]

Diet: Grass and low plants [49]
 VU 


42,000–49,000 Decrease2.svg [48]

Mountain gazelle

Gazella gazella.jpg

G. gazella
(Pallas, 1766)

Six subspecies
  • G. g. acaciae
  • G. g. cora
  • G. g. darehshourii
  • G. g. farasani
  • G. g. gazella
  • G. g. muscatensis
Mediterranean western AsiaSize: 100–125 cm (39–49 in) long, plus 8–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [50]

Habitat: Desert and coastal marine [51]

Diet: Grass, herbs, and shrubs [52]
 EN 


2,500 Decrease2.svg [51]

Rhim gazelle

Slender-horned gazelle (Cincinnati Zoo).jpg

G. leptoceros
(F. Cuvier, 1842)

Two subspecies
  • G. l. leptoceros
  • G. l. loderi
Scattered northern Africa
Gazella leptoceros.png
Size: 100–110 cm (39–43 in) long, plus 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [53]

Habitat: Desert [54]

Diet: Desert vegetation [54]
 EN 


300–600 Decrease2.svg [54]

Speke's gazelle

Speke's Gazelle.jpg

G. spekei
Blyth, 1863
Horn of Africa
Gazella spekei map.png
Size: 95–105 cm (37–41 in) long, plus 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [55]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert [56]

Diet: Grass and leaves [55]
 EN 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [56]

Genus Litocranius Kohl, 1886 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Gerenuk

San Diego Zoo Avril 2013 05.JPG

L. walleri
(Brooke, 1878)

Two subspecies
  • L. w. sclateri (Northern gerenuk)
  • L. w. walleri (Southern gerenuk)
Horn of Africa
Gerenuk Litocranius walleri distribution map.png
Size: 140–160 cm (55–63 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail [57]

Habitat: Savanna and shrubland [58]

Diet: Shrubs [58]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [58]

Genus Madoqua (Ogilby, 1837) – four species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Günther's dik-dik

Guenther's Dik-dik (Madoqua guentheri smithii) (7662529270).jpg

M. guentheri
Thomas, 1894

Two subspecies
  • M. g. guentheri
  • M. g. smithii
Horn of Africa
Madoqua guentheri map.png
Size: 55–65 cm (22–26 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [59]

Habitat: Shrubland [60]

Diet: Shrubs, leaves, and flowers [61]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [60]

Kirk's dik-dik

Madoqua kirkii - male (Namutoni).jpg

M. kirkii
(Günther, 1880)

Four subspecies
  • M. k. kirkii
  • M. k. cavendishi (Cavendish's dik-dik)
  • M. k. damarensis (Damara dik-dik)
  • M. k. hindei
Southeastern and southwestern Africa
Madoqua kirkii map.png
Size: 52–67 cm (20–26 in) long, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail [62]

Habitat: Shrubland [63]

Diet: Leaves, as well as grass, herbs, and sedge [63]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [63]

Salt's dik-dik

Salts dik-dik.jpg

M. saltiana
(Desmarest, 1816)

Five subspecies
  • M. s. hararensis
  • M. s. lawrancei
  • M. s. phillipsi (Phillip's dik-dik)
  • M. s. saltiana (Salt's sik-dik)
  • M. s. swaynei (Swayne's dik-dik)
Horn of Africa
Madoqua saltiana map.png
Size: 52–67 cm (20–26 in) long, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail [64]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [65]

Diet: Acacia bushes, as well as leaves, buds, flowers, fruit, and herbs [64] [65]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [65]

Silver dik-dik


M. piacentinii
Drake-Brockman, 1911
Horn of AfricaSize: 45–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail [66]

Habitat: Shrubland [67]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [66]
 DD 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [67]

Genus Nanger Lataste, 1885 – three species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Dama gazelle

Gazella dama ruficollis 3zz.jpg

N. dama
(Pallas, 1766)

Three subspecies
  • N. d. dama
  • N. d. mhorr (Mhorr gazelle)
  • N. d. ruficollis (Addra gazelle)
Scattered Saharan Desert and Sahel
Nanger dama distribution.svg
Size: 140–168 cm (55–66 in) long [68]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and desert [69]

Diet: Shrubs and grass [69]
 CR 


100–200 Decrease2.svg [69]

Grant's gazelle

Ngorongoro Grant-Gazelle.jpg

N. granti
(Brooke, 1872)

Five subspecies
  • N. g. brighti (Bright's gazelle)
  • N. g. granti (Southern Grant's gazelle)
  • N. g. notata (Northern Grant's gazelle)
  • N. g. petersii (Peter's gazelle)
  • N. g. robertsi (Robert's gazelle)
Eastern AfricaSize: 140–166 cm (55–65 in) long, plus 20–28 cm (8–11 in) tail [70]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland [71]

Diet: Leaves and stems, as well as grass [72] [71]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [71]

Soemmerring's gazelle

Parc national de Yangudi Rassa-Gazelle de Soemmerring (2).jpg

N. soemmerringii
(Cretzschmar, 1828)

Three subspecies
  • N. s. berberana (Somali Soemmerring's gazelle)
  • N. s. butteri (Borani Soemmerring's gazelle)
  • N. s. soemmerringii (Sudan Soemmerring's gazelle)
Horn of AfricaSize: 125–150 cm (49–59 in) long, plus 18–23 cm (7–9 in) tail [73]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland [74]

Diet: Leaves, grass, and herbs [73]
 VU 


4,000–5,000 Decrease2.svg [74]

Genus Neotragus H. Smith, 1827 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Royal antelope

Royal antelope.jpg

N. pygmaeus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Western AfricaSize: 38–51 cm (15–20 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [75]

Habitat: Forest [76]

Diet: Leaves and shoots, as well as fruit and fungi [75]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [76]

Genus Oreotragus A. Smith, 1834 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Klipspringer

Klipspringer.jpg

O. oreotragus
(Zimmermann, 1783)

Five subspecies
  • O. o. aceratos
  • O. o. oreotragus
  • O. o. saltatrixoides
  • O. o. stevensoni
  • O. o. tyleri
Southern and Eastern Africa
Klipspringer Oreotragus oreotragus distribution map.png
Size: 75–115 cm (30–45 in) long [77]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, rocky areas, and desert [78]

Diet: Shrubs [78]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [78]

Genus Ourebia Laurillard, 1842 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Oribi

Sudan Oribi (Ourebia montana) male (18172324646).jpg

O. ourebi
(Zimmermann, 1782)

Eight subspecies
  • O. o. dorcas
  • O. o. gallarum
  • O. o. haggardi
  • O. o. hastata
  • O. o. montana
  • O. o. ourebi
  • O. o. quadriscopa
  • O. o. rutila
Sub-Saharan Africa
Oribi map.png
Size: 92–110 cm (36–43 in) long [79]

Habitat: Savanna and grassland [80]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [79]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [80]

Genus Procapra Hodgson, 1846 – three species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Goa

Tibetan Gazelle or Goa Antelope from North Sikkim India 16.10.2019.jpg

P. picticaudata
Hodgson, 1846
Western China
Procapra picticaudata map.png
Size: 91–105 cm (36–41 in) long, plus 8–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [81]

Habitat: Grassland and inland wetlands [82]

Diet: Forbs and legumes, as well as grass and sedges [81]
 NT 


100,000 Decrease2.svg [82]

Mongolian gazelle

The book of antelopes (1894) Gazella gutturosa.png

P. gutturosa
(Pallas, 1777)
Mongolia and nearby central Asia (historical range in light green)
Procapra gutturosa map.png
Size: 100–130 cm (39–51 in) long [83]

Habitat: Grassland and desert [84]

Diet: Grass, onions, and shrubs [83]
 LC 


500,000–1,500,000 Steady2.svg [84]

Przewalski's gazelle

The book of antelopes (1894) Procapra przewalskii.jpg

P. przewalskii
(Büchner, 1891)

Two subspecies
  • P. p. diversicornis
  • P. p. przewalskii
Central ChinaSize: 105–110 cm (41–43 in) long, plus up to 11 cm (4 in) tail [85]

Habitat: Grassland and desert [86]

Diet: Shrubs and grass [85]
 EN 


1,300–1,700 Increase2.svg [86]

Genus Raphicerus H. Smith, 1827 – three species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Cape grysbok

Southafrica-capegrysbok.jpg

R. melanotis
(Thunberg, 1811)
Southern Africa
Raphicerus melanotis.png
Size: 65–80 cm (26–31 in) long, plus up to 4–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [87]

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [88]

Diet: Shrubs and grass [88]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [88]

Sharpe's grysbok

Sharpe's Grysbok (Raphicerus sharpei) male (11838584075).jpg

R. sharpei
Thomas, 1897
Southeastern Africa
Raphicerus sharpei.png
Size: 65–75 cm (26–30 in) long, plus 4–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [89]

Habitat: Savanna and shrubland [90]

Diet: Shrubs and grass [90]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [90]

Steenbok

Raphicerus campestris male (Etosha, 2012).jpg

R. campestris
(Thunberg, 1811)

Four subspecies
  • R. c. campestris
  • R. c. capricornis
  • R. c. kelleni
  • R. c. neumanni
Southern and southeastern Africa
Steenbok distribution.svg
Size: 70–95 cm (28–37 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2–2 in) tail [91]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland [92]

Diet: Shrubs, geophytes, berries, flowers, and fruit [92]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [92]

Genus Saiga Gray, 1843 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Saiga antelope

Saiga antelope at the Stepnoi Sanctuary.jpg

S. tatarica
(Linnaeus, 1766)

Two subspecies
  • S. t. mongolica (Mongolian saiga)
  • S. t. tatarica (Russian saiga)
Central Asia (historical range in white)
Saiga tatarica historic&current distribution.jpg
Size: 108–146 cm (43–57 in) long, plus 6–13 cm (2–5 in) tail [93]

Habitat: Grassland and desert [94]

Diet: Grass [94]
 NT 


922,600–988,500 Increase2.svg [94]

Subfamily Bovinae

Genus Bison H. Smith, 1827 – two species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
American bison

American bison k5680-1.jpg

B. bison
Linnaeus, 1758
Scattered North America
Bison bison map.svg
Size: 210–380 cm (83–150 in) long, plus 43–90 cm (17–35 in) tail [5]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, and desert [95]

Diet: Grass, leaves, and roots, as well as sagebrush [5] [95]
 NT 


11,200–13,200 [lower-alpha 1] Steady2.svg [95]

European bison

Bison bonasus (Linnaeus 1758).jpg

B. bonasus
Linnaeus, 1758

Three subspecies
Scattered Europe and western Asia
BisonBonasusIUCN.svg
Size: 280–330 cm (110–130 in) long, plus 30–92 cm (12–36 in) tail [97]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and unknown [98]

Diet: Grass, sedges and herbs, as well as trees and shrubs [99]
 NT 


2,500 Increase2.svg [98]

Genus Bos Linnaeus, 1758 – ten species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Aurochs

Copenhagen Aurochse.jpg

B. primigenius
Bojanus, 1827
Formerly Europe, Asia, and North Africa
Bos primigenius map.jpg
Size: Unknown

Habitat: Unknown

Diet: Grass [100]
 EX 


0 Steady2.svg

Banteng

Bos javanicus javanicus.jpg

B. javanicus
d'Alton, 1823

Two subspecies
  • B. j. javanicus (Javan banteng)
  • B. j. lowi (Bornean banteng)
Southeast Asia (possible range in red)
Bos javanicus.png
Size: 190–225 cm (75–89 in) long, plus 65–70 cm (26–28 in) tail [101]

Habitat: Forest and grassland [102]

Diet: Grass, sedges, herbs, and bamboo, as well as leaves, fruit, flowers, bark, and young branches of shrubs and trees [102]
 EN 


4,000–8,000 Decrease2.svg [102]

Bali cattle

Banteng Domesticated Bali Bull.PNG

B. domesticus
Wilckens, 1905
Southeast AsiaSize: 190–225 cm (75–89 in) long, plus 65–70 cm (26–28 in) tail [101]

Habitat: Forest and grassland [102]

Diet: Grass, sedges, herbs, and bamboo, as well as leaves, fruit, flowers, bark, and young branches of shrubs and trees [102]
 NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg

Cattle

CH cow 2 cropped.jpg

B. taurus
Linnaeus, 1758
Worldwide
Bovine range-2013-14-02.png
Size: 150–250 cm (59–98 in) long [103]

Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, forest, and desert [100]

Diet: Grass [100]
 NE 


Unknown
(about 1.4 billion used in farming) [104] Blue question mark (italic).svg

Gaur

Indian Gaur from anaimalai hills JEG5290.jpg

B. gaurus
Smith, 1827

Two subspecies
  • B. g. gaurus
  • B. g. readei
Southern and southeastern Asia
Gaur map.png
Size: 250–330 cm (98–130 in) long, plus 70–100 cm (28–39 in) tail [1]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, and shrubland [105]

Diet: Grass as well as leaves, fruit, twigs, bark, and bamboo [105]
 VU 


6,000–21,000 Decrease2.svg [105]

Gayal

B4 darjeling para-5.jpg

B. frontalis
Lambert, 1804

Four subspecies
  • B. f. frontalis
  • B. f. laosiensis
  • B. f. sinhaleyus
South AsiaSize: 250–330 cm (98–130 in) long, plus 70–105 cm (28–41 in) tail [106]

Habitat: Forest and grassland [106]

Diet: Grass, forbs, and leaves [106]
 NE 


1,000 [106]
(about 300,000 used in farming) [107] Blue question mark (italic).svg

Kouprey


B. sauveli
Urbain, 1937
Southeast Asia
Bos sauveli distribution.svg
Size: 210–223 cm (83–88 in) long, plus up to 100 cm (39 in) tail [108]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and grassland [3]

Diet: Grass, sedges, and shrubs [3]
 CR 


0–50 Decrease2.svg [3]

Wild yak

Wild Yak Stuffed.jpg

B. mutus
(Przhevalsky, 1883)
Central Asia
Bos mutus map.png
Size: 306–385 cm (120–152 in) long, plus up to 60 cm (24 in) tail [109]

Habitat: Grassland and desert [110]

Diet: Grass and sedges, as well as forbs [110]
 VU 


7,500–10,000 Decrease2.svg [110]

Yak

Bos grunniens at Letdar on Annapurna Circuit.jpg

B. grunniens
Linnaeus, 1766
Central AsiaSize: 145–218 cm (57–86 in) long, plus 60 cm (24 in) tail [111]

Habitat: Rocky areas and grassland [112]

Diet: Grass, shrubs, and forbs, as well as lichen and moss [112]
 NE 


14 million (in farming) [113] Blue question mark (italic).svg

Zebu

Bos taurus indicus.jpg

B. indicus
Linnaeus, 1758
AsiaSize: 150–250 cm (59–98 in) long [103]

Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, forest, and desert [100]

Diet: Grass [100]
 NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg

Genus Boselaphus Blainville, 1816 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Nilgai

Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) male.jpg

B. tragocamelus
(Pallas, 1766)
Indian subcontinent
Boselaphus tragocamelus map.png
Size: 180–200 cm (71–79 in) long [114]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [115]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [115]
 LC 


70,000–100,000 Steady2.svg [115]

Genus Bubalus H. Smith, 1827 – five species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Lowland anoa

Anoa Bubalus depressicornis Surabaya Zoo.jpg

B. depressicornis
(H. Smith, 1827)
Island of Sulawesi in Indonesia Size: 122–188 cm (48–74 in) long, plus up to 41 cm (16 in) tail [116]

Habitat: Forest [117]

Diet: Shrubs [117]
 EN 


2,500 Decrease2.svg [117]

Mountain anoa

Mountain Anoa at Krefeld Zoo.jpg

B. quarlesi
(Ouwens, 1910)
Island of Sulawesi in IndonesiaSize: 122–153 cm (48–60 in) long [118]

Habitat: Forest [119]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [119]
 EN 


0–2,500 Decrease2.svg [119]

Tamaraw

Bubalus mindorensis by Gregg Yan 01.jpg

B. mindorensis
Heude, 1888
Island of Mindoro in the Philippines
Tamaraw distribution map.svg
Size: Around 220 cm (87 in) long, plus 60 cm (24 in) tail [120]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [121]

Diet: Grass and young bamboo shoots [121]
 CR 


200–300 Decrease2.svg [121]

Water buffalo

Wasserbuffel (25787818312).jpg

B. bubalis
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Three subspecies
  • B. b. bubalis
  • B. b. kerabau
  • B. b. theerapati
Scattered Asia, Egypt, and South America
2004buffalo.PNG
Size: 240–300 cm (94–118 in) long, plus 60–100 cm (24–39 in) tail [122]

Habitat: Forest and grassland [122]

Diet: Grass, as well as herbs, shrubs, and leaves [122]
 NE 


202 million (on farms) [123] Blue question mark (italic).svg

Wild water buffalo

Indian Water Buffalo Bubalus arnee by Dr Raju Kasambe IMG 0347 (11) (cropped).jpg

B. arnee
(Kerr, 1792)

Four subspecies
  • B. a. arnee
  • B. a. fulvus
  • B. a. migona
  • B. a. septentrionalis
Scattered Southeast Asia
Asiatic water buffalo 2015.png
Size: 240–300 cm (94–118 in) long, plus up to 60–100 cm (24–39 in) tail [124]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, and inland wetlands [125]

Diet: Grass and sedges, as well as fruit and shrubs [124]
 EN 


2,500 Decrease2.svg [125]

Genus Pseudoryx Dung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc, Arctander, MacKinnon, 1993 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Saola

Pseudoryx nghetinhensis, b.PNG

P. nghetinhensis
Dung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc, Arctander, MacKinnon, 1993
Annamite Range of Vietnam and Laos
Pseudoryx nghetinhensis distribution.png
Size: 143–150 cm (56–59 in) long, plus up to 25 cm (10 in) tail [126]

Habitat: Forest [127]

Diet: Leaves as well as shrubs [127]
 CR 


25-750 Decrease2.svg [127]

Genus Syncerus Hodgson, 1847 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
African buffalo

African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) male with cattle egret.jpg

S. caffer
(Sparrman, 1779)

Five subspecies
  • S. c. aequinoctialis (Nile buffalo)
  • S. c. brachyceros (Sudan buffalo)
  • S. c. caffer (Cape buffalo)
  • S. c. matthewsi (Mountain buffalo)
  • S. c. nanus (African forest buffalo)
Sub-Saharan Africa
Syncerus range map.png
Size: 240–340 cm (94–134 in) long, plus 75–110 cm (30–43 in) tail [5]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands [128]

Diet: Grass [5]
 NT 


398,000–401,000 Decrease2.svg [128]

Genus Taurotragus Wagner, 1855 – two species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Common eland

Taurotragus oryx - young bull - Etosha 2015.jpg

T. oryx
(Pallas, 1766)

Three subspecies
  • T. o. livingstonei (Livingstone's eland)
  • T. o. oryx (Cape eland)
  • T. o. pattersonianus (East African eland)
Eastern and southern Africa
Common eland.png
Size: 200–345 cm (79–136 in) long, plus 50–72 cm (20–28 in) tail [129]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [130]

Diet: Shrubs [130]
 LC 


90,000–110,000 Steady2.svg [130]

Giant eland

Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus derbianus) male.jpg

T. derbianus
(Gray, 1847)

Two subspecies
  • T. d. derbianus
  • T. d. gigas
Western and central Africa
Giant eland map.png
Size: 210–345 cm (83–136 in) long, plus 55–70 cm (22–28 in) tail [131] [132]

Habitat: Forest and savanna [133]

Diet: Leaves, shoots, herbs and fruit, as well as grass [133]
 VU 


8,400–9,800 Decrease2.svg [133]

Genus Tetracerus Leach, 1825 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Four-horned antelope

Tetracerus quadricornis I.jpg

T. quadricornis
(Blainville, 1816)

Three subspecies
  • T. q. iodes
  • T. q. quadricornis
  • T. q. subquadricornutus
Indian subcontinent
Tetracerus quadricornis map.png
Size: 80–110 cm (31–43 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [134]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [135]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [135]
 VU 


7,000–10,000 Decrease2.svg [135]

Genus Tragelaphus (Blainville, 1816) – seven species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Bongo

Tragelaphus eurycerus -Marwell Wildlife, Hampshire, England-8a.jpg

T. eurycerus
(Ogilby, 1837)
Western and central Africa
Tragelaphus eurycerus range.png
Size: 170–250 cm (67–98 in) long, plus 45–65 cm (18–26 in) tail [136]

Habitat: Forest and savanna [137]

Diet: Shrubs as well as grass [137]
 NT 


15,000–25,000 Decrease2.svg [137]

Greater kudu

Male greater kudu.jpg

T. strepsiceros
(Pallas, 1766)

Three subspecies
  • T. s. chora
  • T. s. cottoni
  • T. s. strepsiceros
Central, eastern, and southern Africa
Tragelaphus strepsiceros.png
Size: 180–250 cm (71–98 in) long [5]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and desert [138]

Diet: Shrubs [138]
 LC 


300,000–350,000 Steady2.svg [138]

Harnessed bushbuck

Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) (6041465641).jpg

T. scriptus
(Pallas, 1766)

Eight subspecies
  • T. s. bor
  • T. s. decula
  • T. s. fasciatus
  • T. s. knutsoni
  • T. s. meneliki
  • T. s. ornatus
  • T. s. scriptus
  • T. s. sylvaticus
Western and central AfricaSize: 105–150 cm (41–59 in) long, plus 19–25 cm (7–10 in) tail [139]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [140]

Diet: Shrubs [140]
 LC 


1,000,000–1,500,000 Steady2.svg [140]

Lesser kudu

Lesser Kudu Male (Tragelaphus imberbis).jpg

T. imberbis
(Blyth, 1869)
Eastern Africa
Tragelaphus imberbis map.png
Size: 110–175 cm (43–69 in) long, plus 26–30 cm (10–12 in) tail [141]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland [142]

Diet: Tree leaves, shrubs, and herbs [142]
 NT 


80,000–100,000 Decrease2.svg [142]

Mountain nyala

Mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) male.jpg

T. buxtoni
(Lydekker, 1910)
Central Ethiopia
Tragelaphus buxtoni map.svg
Size: 190–260 cm (75–102 in) long [143]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [144]

Diet: Grass, herbs, and shrubs [143]
 EN 


1,500–2,500 Decrease2.svg [144]

Nyala

Nyala, male.jpg

T. angasii
Angas, 1849
Southeastern Africa
Tragelaphus angasii distribution.svg
Size: 132–198 cm (52–78 in) long, plus 35–55 cm (14–22 in) tail [145]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland [146]

Diet: Leaves and fruit as well as grass [146]
 LC 


20,000–27,500 Steady2.svg [146]

Sitatunga

Sitatunga at Oji Zoo.JPG

T. spekii
P. L. Sclater, 1863

Five subspecies
  • T. s. gratus
  • T. s. larkenii
  • T. s. selousi
  • T. s. spekii
  • T. s. sylvestris
Central Africa
Tragelaphus spekii map.png
Size: 115–170 cm (45–67 in) long, plus 18–30 cm (7–12 in) tail [147]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands [148]

Diet: Grass, sedges, and shrubs [148]
 LC 


90,000–120,000 Decrease2.svg [148]

Subfamily Caprinae

Genus Ammotragus (Blyth, 1840) – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Barbary sheep

BarbarySheep4.jpg

A. lervia
(Pallas, 1777)

Six subspecies
  • A. l. angusi
  • A. l. blainei
  • A. l. fassini
  • A. l. lervia
  • A. l. ornatus (Egyptian Barbary sheep)
  • A. l. sahariensis
Northern AfricaSize: 130–165 cm (51–65 in) long, plus 12–25 cm (5–10 in) tail [149]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and desert [150]

Diet: Grass, shrubs, and forbs [150]
 VU 


5,000–10,000 Decrease2.svg [150]

Genus Arabitragus Ropiquet, Hassanin, 2005 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Arabian tahr

Stuffed Arabian Tahr.jpg

A. jayakari
Thomas, 1894
Eastern Arabia
Arabitragus jayakari.png
Size: 93–95 cm (37–37 in) long, plus up to 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [151]

Habitat: Shrubland, rocky areas, and desert [152]

Diet: Grass, forbs, shrubs, and trees [152]
 EN 


2,200–2,300 Decrease2.svg [152]

Genus Budorcas Hodgson, 1850 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Takin

Takin Standing (22221570730).jpg

B. taxicolor
Hodgson, 1850

Four subspecies
Eastern Himalayas
Takin range.jpg
Size: 170–220 cm (67–87 in) long, plus 15 cm (6 in) tail [153]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [154]

Diet: Grass, bamboo shoots, forbs, and leaves [154]
 VU 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [154]

Genus Capra Linnaeus, 1758 – nine species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Alpine ibex

Alpensteinbock (Capra ibex) Zoo Salzburg 2014 h.jpg

C. ibex
Linnaeus, 1758
The Alps
Leefgebied alpensteenbok.JPG
Size: 130–140 cm (51–55 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [155]

Habitat: Grassland, and rocky areas [156]

Diet: Grass and herbs, as well as woody plants and cryptogams [156]
 LC 


53,000 Steady2.svg [156]

East Caucasian tur

Daghestanischer Tur Ostkaukasischer Steinbock Capra cylindricornis Zoo Augsburg-10 (cropped).jpg

C. cylindricornis
(Blyth, 1841)
Caucasus Mountains in eastern EuropeSize: 120–165 cm (47–65 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [157]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [158]

Diet: Grass, trees, and a variety of other plants [158]
 NT 


23,000 Steady2.svg [158]

Iberian ibex

Cabra montes 2.jpg

C. pyrenaica
Schinz, 1838
Iberian Peninsula
Spanish Ibex.jpg
Size: 100–140 cm (39–55 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [159]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas [160]

Diet: Leaves, acorns, forbs, and grass [159]
 LC 


50,000 Increase2.svg [160]

Markhor

Markhor Schraubenziege Capra falconeri Zoo Augsburg-02.jpg

C. falconeri
(Wagner, 1839)

Three subspecies
Central Asia
Capra falconeri map.gif
Size: 140–185 cm (55–73 in) long, plus 8–14 cm (3–6 in) tail [161]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas [162]

Diet: Grass and leaves [162]
 NT 


5,800 Increase2.svg [162]

Nubian ibex

Israel. Nubian ibex (15625972648).jpg

C. nubiana
F. Cuvier, 1825
Northern Africa and the Middle EastSize: 105–125 cm (41–49 in) long [163]

Habitat: Shrubland, rocky areas, and desert [164]

Diet: Wide variety of herbaceous and woody plants [164]
 VU 


4,500 Decrease2.svg [164]

Siberian ibex

Siberian Ibex.jpg

C. sibirica
(Pallas, 1776)
Central Asia
Capra sibirica.png
Size: 130–165 cm (51–65 in) long, plus 10–18 cm (4–7 in) tail [165]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and desert [166]

Diet: Grass, as well as herbs and shrubs [166]
 NT 


102,000–150,000 Decrease2.svg [166]

Walia ibex

Walia ibex 2.jpg

C. walie
Rüppell, 1835
Northeastern Africa
Capra walie distribution.png
Size: 150–170 cm (59–67 in) long, plus 20–25 cm (8–10 in) tail [167]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [168]

Diet: Shrubs, herbs, lichens, and grass [169]
 VU 


600 Increase2.svg [168]

West Caucasian tur

Capra caucasica male wiki1.JPG

C. caucasica
Güldenstädt, Pallas, 1783

Two subspecies
  • C. c. caucasica
  • C. c. severtzovi
Caucasus Mountains in eastern EuropeSize: 120–165 cm (47–65 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [170]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [171]

Diet: Grass, trees, and a variety of other plants [171]
 EN 


3,000–4,000 Decrease2.svg [171]

Wild goat

Bezoarziege.jpg

C. aegagrus
Erxleben, 1777

Five subspecies
Western Asia
(worldwide distribution of domestic goat in farming)
Size: 115–170 cm (45–67 in) long [172]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and desert [173]

Diet: Grass, herbaceous plants, and shrubs, as well as trees [173]
 NT 


70,000
(about 1 billion used in farming) Steady2.svg [173]

Genus Capricornis Ogilby, 1836 – four species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Japanese serow

Nihonkamoshika-akita.JPG

C. crispus
(Temminck, 1836)
Japan
Capricornis crispus MAP.png
Size: Around 130 cm (51 in) long [174]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [175]

Diet: Leaves, shoots, and acorns [175]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [175]

Mainland serow

Serow Capricornis sumatraensis.JPG

C. sumatraensis
(Bechstein, 1799)

Three subspecies
The Himalayas and southeastern AsiaSize: 140–155 cm (55–61 in) long, plus 8–16 cm (3–6 in) tail [176]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [177]

Diet: Leaves and twigs [177]
 VU 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [177]

Red serow

Capricornis rubidus.jpg

C. rubidus
(Blyth, 1863)
Southeastern Asia
Capricornis rubibus.png
Size: 140–155 cm (55–61 in) long [178]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas [179]

Diet: Grass, shoots, and leaves [178]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [179]

Taiwan serow

Chang Zong Shan Yang .jpg

C. swinhoei
Gray, 1862
Taiwan
Capricornis swinhoei.png
Size: 80–114 cm (31–45 in) long, plus 7–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [180]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [181]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [181]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [181]

Genus Hemitragus (Hodgson, 1841) – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Himalayan tahr

Himalayan Tahr Kedarnath Musk Deer Sanctuary Uttarakhand India 30.11.2015.jpg

H. jemlahicus
(H. Smith, 1826)
Himalayas
Hemitragus jemlahicus range map.png
Size: 90–140 cm (35–55 in) long [182]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [183]

Diet: Herbaceous plants and shrubs, grass, and sedges [183]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [183]

Genus Naemorhedus H. Smith, 1827 – four species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Chinese goral

Nemorhaeduscaudatusarnouxianus2.JPG

N. griseus
(Milne-Edwards, 1874)

Two subspecies
  • N. g. evansi
  • N. g. griseus
Southeastern Asia
178px|alt=Map of range
Size: 88–118 cm (35–46 in) long, plus 11–20 cm (4–8 in) tail [184]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas [185]

Diet: Grass, leaves, twigs, and nuts [185]
 NE 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [185]

Himalayan goral

Himalayan Brown Goral Male and Female pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary East Sikkim India 13.02.2016.jpg

N. goral
(Hardwicke, 1825)

Two subspecies
  • N. g. bedfordi
  • N. g. goral
Himalayas
Naemorhedus goral range map.png
Size: 81–130 cm (32–51 in) long [186]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [187]

Diet: Grass, leaves, twigs, fruit, and nuts [187]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [187]

Long-tailed goral

Nemorhaedus caudatus.jpg

N. caudatus
(H. Milne-Edwards, 1867)
Eastern Asia
Naemorhedus caudatus.png
Size: 81–129 cm (32–51 in) long [188]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [189]

Diet: Grass, herbs, shoots, leaves, nuts, as well as fruit [189]
 VU 


2,500–10,000 Decrease2.svg [189]

Red goral

Naemorhedus baileyi - Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology - DSC02442.JPG

N. baileyi
Pocock, 1914
Eastern Asia
Naemorhedus baileyi.png
Size: 93–103 cm (37–41 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [190]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas [191]

Diet: Lichens, as well as grass, shoots, leaves, and twigs [191]
 VU 


7,000–10,000 Decrease2.svg [191]

Genus Nilgiritragus Ropiquet, Hassanin, 2005 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Nilgiri tahr

A courting male in Eravikulam NP AJTJohnsingh DSCN2997.jpg

N. hylocrius
(Ogilby, 1838)
Southern India
Nilgiritragus.png
Size: 90–140 cm (35–55 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [192]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [193]

Diet: Grass and forbs [193]
 EN 


1,800–2,000 Decrease2.svg [193]

Genus Oreamnos Rafinesque, 1817 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Mountain goat

Mountain Goat, Enchantments Basin.jpg

O. americanus
(Blainville, 1816)
Western North America
Oreamnos americanus distribution.svg
Size: 120–160 cm (47–63 in) long, plus 8–20 cm (3–8 in) tail [5]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [194]

Diet: Grass, forbs, sedges, ferns, moss, lichen, twigs, and leaves [194]
 LC 


48,000–62,000 Steady2.svg [194]

Genus Ovibos Blainville, 1816 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Muskox

Ovibos moschatus qtl3.jpg

O. moschatus
(Zimmermann, 1780)
The Arctic (reintroduced in blue)
Muskox distribution combined.png
Size: 190–270 cm (75–106 in) long, plus 7–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [5]

Habitat: Grassland [195]

Diet: Sedges and grass, as well as shrubs and some forbs [195]
 LC 


133,900–136,900 Steady2.svg [195]

Genus Ovis Linnaeus, 1758 – seven species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Argali

Karkaraly National Park 11.jpg

O. ammon
Linnaeus, 1758

Nine subspecies
  • O. a. ammon (Altai argali)
  • O. a. collium (Karaganda argali)
  • O. a. darwini (Gobi argali)
  • O. a. hodgsonii (Tibetan argali)
  • O. a. jubata (North China argali)
  • O. a. karelini (Tian Shan argali)
  • O. a. nigrimontana (Kara Tau argali)
  • O. a. polii (Marco Polo sheep)
  • O. a. severtzovi (Severtzov argali)
Central and eastern Asia
Argali subspecies range.png
Size: 120–190 cm (47–75 in) long [196]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and desert [197]

Diet: Grass, sedges, and some herbs and lichens [197]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [197]

Bighorn sheep

New Mexico Bighorn Sheep.JPG

O. canadensis
Shaw, 1804

Three subspecies
Western North America
Bighorn Sheep Ovis canadensis distribution map topo 2.png
Size: 160–180 cm (63–71 in) long [198]

Habitat: Grassland, and rocky areas [199]

Diet: Grass, as well as forbs and shrubs [199]
 LC 


49,000 Steady2.svg [199]

Dall sheep

Dall sheep in denali.jpg

O. dalli
Nelson, 1884

Two subspecies
Northwestern North America
Ovis-dalli-map.png
Size: 130–180 cm (51–71 in) long, plus 7–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [200]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [201]

Diet: Grass and sedges [201]
 LC 


66,600 Steady2.svg [201]

Mouflon

Mouflon in zoo.jpg

O. gmelini
Blyth, 1841

Four subspecies
  • O. g. gmelini (Armenian mouflon)
  • O. g. isphahanica (Esfahan mouflon)
  • O. g. laristanica (Laristan mouflon)
  • O. g. ophion (Cyprus mouflon)
Western AsiaSize: 105–140 cm (41–55 in) long, plus 12–13 cm (5–5 in) tail [202]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [203]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [202]
 NT 


26,500 Blue question mark (italic).svg [203]

Sheep

Flock of sheep.jpg

O. aries
Linnaeus, 1758
Domesticated worldwideSize: 120–180 cm (47–71 in) long, plus 7–15 cm (3–6 in) tail [204]

Habitat: Savanna, grassland, desert, forest, and rocky areas [204]

Diet: Grass, as well as a wide variety of vegetation [204]
 NE 


Unknown
(about 1.2 billion used in farming) [205] Blue question mark (italic).svg

Snow sheep

Ovis nivicola (=O. canadensis nivicola) by Joseph Smit.jpg

O. nivicola
Eschscholtz, 1829

Six subspecies
  • O. n. alleni (Okhotsk sheep)
  • O. n. borealis (Putorana snow sheep)
  • O. n. koriakorum (Koryak snow sheep)
  • O. n. nivicola (Kamchatkan snow sheep)
  • O. n. tschuktschorum (Chukotsk sheep)
  • O. n. zydekkeri (Yakutian sheep)
Eastern Russia
Ovis-nivicola-map.png
Size: 126–188 cm (50–74 in) long [206]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [207]

Diet: Grass, as well as lichens, mosses, and willow sprouts [207]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [207]

Urial

Ovis vignei bochariensis.jpg

O. vignei
Blyth, 1841
Central and southern AsiaSize: 120–160 cm (47–63 in) long, plus 11–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [208]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [209]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [208]
 VU 


18,000 Decrease2.svg [209]

Genus Pantholops Hodgson, 1834 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Tibetan antelope

The book of antelopes (1894) Pantholops hodgsoni.png

P. hodgsonii
(Abel, 1826)
Tibetan Plateau
Pantholops hodgsonii distribution.png
Size: 120–130 cm (47–51 in) long [210]

Habitat: Grassland [211]

Diet: Grass and herbs [210]
 NT 


100,000–150,000 Increase2.svg [211]

Genus Pseudois Hodgson, 1846 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Bharal

Bharal - Shreeram M V - Kibber, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India.jpg

P. nayaur
(Hodgson, 1833)
Himalayas
Distribution map of Blue sheep (Bharal).png
Size: 120–140 cm (47–55 in) long [212]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and desert [213]

Diet: Grass, alpine herbs, and lichens [213]
 LC 


47,000–414,000 Blue question mark (italic).svg [213]

Genus Rupicapra Blainville, 1816 – two species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Chamois

Gamse (Rupicapra rupicapra) Zoo Salzburg 2014 g-crop.jpg

R. rupicapra
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Seven subspecies
  • R. r. asiatica (Anatolian chamois)
  • R. r. balcanica (Balkan chamois)
  • R. r. carpatica (Carpathian chamois)
  • R. r. cartusiana (Chartreuse chamois)
  • R. r. caucasica (Caucasian chamois)
  • R. r. rupicapra (Alpine chamois)
  • R. r. tatrica (Tatra chamois)
Europe and western Asia (former range in gray)
Rupicapra range.jpg
Size: 110–135 cm (43–53 in) long [214]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [215]

Diet: Grass, herbs, tree leaves, buds, shoots, and fungi [215]
 LC 


300,000 Steady2.svg [215]

Pyrenean chamois

Isard des pyrenees bigorre 2003.jpg

R. pyrenaica
Bonaparte, 1845

Three subspecies
Southern Europe
Rupicapra pyrenaica range Map.png
Size: 90–130 cm (35–51 in) long, plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail [216]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [217]

Diet: Herbs and flowers, as well as lichen, moss, and young pine shoots [216]
 LC 


50,000 Increase2.svg [217]

Subfamily Cephalophinae

Genus Cephalophus H. Smith, 1827 – sixteen species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Abbott's duiker

.TSbyvn Abvt (Cephalophus spedixs) - Ayvr SHl mSHtmSH-mnKHm.Al.png

C. spadix
True, 1890
Tanzania
Cephalophus spedixs.png
Size: 97–140 cm (38–55 in) long, plus 8–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [218]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [219]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, flowers and moss [218]
 EN 


1,500 Decrease2.svg [219]

Aders's duiker

TSbyvn Adrs (Cephalophus adersi) Ayvr SHl mSHtmSH-mnKHm.Al.png

C. adersi
(Thomas, 1918)
Eastern Africa
Cephalophus adersi.png
Size: 66–72 cm (26–28 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [220]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [221]

Diet: Leaves, seeds, sprouts, buds, and fruit [221]
 VU 


14,000 Decrease2.svg [221]

Bay duiker

Cephalophus dorsalis.JPG

C. dorsalis
Gray, 1846

Two subspecies
  • C. d. castaneus (Eastern bay duiker)
  • C. d. dorsalis (Western bay duiker)
Western and southern AfricaSize: 70–100 cm (28–39 in) long [222]

Habitat: Forest [223]

Diet: Fruit and leaves, as well as birds [222]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [223]

Black duiker

Cephalophus niger.jpg

C. niger
(Gray, 1846)
Western Africa
Cephalophus Niger Distribution Map.svg
Size: 80–90 cm (31–35 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail [224]

Habitat: Forest [225]

Diet: Flowers, leaves, shrubs, grass, fruit, insects, and eggs [225]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [225]

Black-fronted duiker

Cephalophe a front noir.jpg

C. nigrifrons
(Gray, 1871)

Six subspecies
  • C. n. fosteri
  • C. n. hooki
  • C. n. hypoxanthus
  • C. n. kivuensis
  • C. n. nigrifrons
  • C. n. rubidus (Ruwenzori duiker)
Central Africa
Cephalophus nigrifrons.png
Size: 80–170 cm (31–67 in) long, plus 7–15 cm (3–6 in) tail [226]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [227]

Diet: Fruit and leaves [228]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [227]

Brooke's duiker


C. brookei
(Thomas, 1903)
Western AfricaSize: About 100 cm (39 in) long, plus 12 cm (5 in) tail [229]

Habitat: Forest [229]

Diet: Fruit and leaves [229]
 NE 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg

Jentink's duiker

The book of antelopes (1894) Cephalophus jentinki 2.jpg

C. jentinki
Thomas, 1892
Western Africa
Cephalophus jentinki.png
Size: 130–150 cm (51–59 in) long, plus 12–16 cm (5–6 in) tail [230]

Habitat: Forest [231]

Diet: Fruit, nuts, and tree stems [231]
 EN 


2,000 Decrease2.svg [231]

Ogilby's duiker

The book of antelopes (1894) Cephalophus ogilbyi.png

C. ogilbyi
(Waterhouse, 1838)
Western Africa
Cephalophus ogilbyi.png
Size: 85–115 cm (33–45 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [232]

Habitat: Forest [233]

Diet: Fruit and leaves [232]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [233]

Peters's duiker

Peters Duiker (Cephalophus callipygus) from behind, Campo Maan National Park.jpg

C. callipygus
(Peters, 1876)
Western central Africa
Cephalophus callipygus.png
Size: 94–109 cm (37–43 in) long, plus 8–15 cm (3–6 in) tail [234]

Habitat: Forest [235]

Diet: Fruit and leaves [234]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [235]

Red forest duiker

Rotducker.jpg

C. natalensis
(Smith, 1834)

Two subspecies
  • C. n. harveyi
  • C. n. natalensis
Southeastern Africa
Cephalophus natalensis.png
Size: 75–87 cm (30–34 in) long, plus 9–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [236]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [237]

Diet: Fruit and leaves [236]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [237]

Red-flanked duiker

Redflankedduiker.jpg

C. rufilatus
(Gray, 1846)
Western and central Africa
Cephalophus rufilatus2.png
Size: 60–80 cm (24–31 in) long [238]

Habitat: Forest and savanna [239]

Diet: Leaves and fruit, as well as flowers and twigs [238]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [239]

Weyns's duiker

.TSbyvn vvyns (Cephalophus weynsi) - Ayvr SHl mSHtmSH-mnKHm.Al.png

C. weynsi
(Thomas, 1901)

Three subspecies
  • C. w. johnstoni
  • C. w. lestradei
  • C. w. weynsi
Central Africa
Cephalophus weynsi.png
Size: 80–115 cm (31–45 in) long, plus 8–16 cm (3–6 in) tail [240]

Habitat: Forest [241]

Diet: Fruit and leaves [240]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [241]

White-bellied duiker

.TSbyvn lbn-gKHvn (Cephalophus leucogaster) - Ayvr SHl mSHtmSH-mnKHm.Al.png

C. leucogaster
(Gray, 1873)

Two subspecies
  • C. l. arrhenii
  • C. l. leucogaster
Central AfricaSize: 78–100 cm (31–39 in) long, plus 8–15 cm (3–6 in) tail [242]

Habitat: Forest [243]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, and flowers [242]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [243]

White-legged duiker

.TSbyvn lbn-rglyym (Cephalophus crusalbum) - Ayvr SHl mSHtmSH-mnKHm.Al.png

C. crusalbum
Grubb, 1978
Western Africa
Cephalophus leucogaster.png
Size: 85–115 cm (33–45 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [232]

Habitat: Forest [244]

Diet: Fruit and leaves [232]
 NT 


13,000 Decrease2.svg [244]

Yellow-backed duiker

Cephalophus sylvicultor sylvicultor2.jpg

C. silvicultor
(Afzelius, 1815)

Four subspecies
  • C. s. curticeps
  • C. s. longiceps
  • C. s. ruficrista
  • C. s. silvicultor
Central and western Africa
Cephalophus silvicultor.png
Size: 115–145 cm (45–57 in) long, plus 11–18 cm (4–7 in) tail [245]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland [246]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, seeds, buds, bark, and shoots [245]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [246]

Zebra duiker

Cephalophus zebra.jpg

C. zebra
(Gray, 1838)
Western Africa
Cephalophus zebra1.png
Size: 70–90 cm (28–35 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [247]

Habitat: Forest [248]

Diet: Fruit and leaves [247]
 VU 


9,500 Decrease2.svg [248]

Genus Philantomba Blyth, 1840 – three species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Blue duiker

Philantomba monticola 1.jpg

P. monticola
(Thunberg, 1789)

Twelve subspecies
  • P. m. aequatorialis
  • P. m. anchietae
  • P. m. bicolor
  • P. m. congicus
  • P. m. defriesi
  • P. m. hecki
  • P. m. lugens
  • P. m. melanorheus
  • P. m. monticola
  • P. m. musculoides
  • P. m. simpsoni
  • P. m. sundevalli
Central and southern Africa
Philantomba monticola.png
Size: 55–72 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [249]

Habitat: Forest [250]

Diet: Fruit, seeds, flowers, and fungi [249]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [250]

Maxwell's duiker

Stavenn Cephalophus maxwellii.jpg

P. maxwellii
(H. Smith, 1827)

Two subspecies
  • P. m. danei
  • P. m. maxwellii
Western Africa
Philantomba maxwellii.png
Size: 36–40 cm (14–16 in) long [251]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [252]

Diet: Leaves and fruit [252]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [252]

Walter's duiker

Walter's-Duiker.jpg

P. walteri
Colyn, Huselman, Sonet, Oudé, Winters, Natta, Nagy, Verheyen, 2010
Western AfricaSize: Similar to Maxwell's duiker [251]

Habitat: Shrubland [253]

Diet: Leaves and fruit [251]
 DD 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [253]

Genus Sylvicapra Ogilby, 1837 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Common duiker

Common Duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) (6011670419).jpg

S. grimmia
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Thirteen subspecies
  • S. g. altivallis
  • S. g. caffra
  • S. g. campbelliae
  • S. g. coronata
  • S. g. grimmia
  • S. g. hindei
  • S. g. lobeliarum
  • S. g. madoqua
  • S. g. nyansae
  • S. g. orbicularis
  • S. g. pallidior
  • S. g. splendidula
  • S. g. steinhardti
Sub-Saharan AfricaSize: 70–105 cm (28–41 in) long, plus 10–20 cm (4–8 in) tail [254]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert [255]

Diet: Variety of foliage, herbs, fruit, seeds, and cultivated crops [255]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [255]

Subfamily Hippotraginae

Genus Addax Laurillard, 1841 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Addax

A big male Addax showing as the power of his horns.jpg

A. nasomaculatus
(Blainville, 1816)
Scattered western Africa
Addax nasomaculatus distribution (IUCN 2015).png
Size: 150–170 cm (59–67 in) long, plus 25–35 cm (10–14 in) tail [256]

Habitat: Savanna, grassland, and desert [257]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [256]
 CR 


30–90 Decrease2.svg [257]

Genus Hippotragus Sundevall, 1846 – three species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Bluebuck

Hippotragus leucophaeus, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien.jpg

H. leucophaeus
(Pallas, 1766)
Southern tip of Africa (former range)
LocationBluebuckRange.gif
Size: 230–300 cm (91–118 in) long [258]

Habitat: Grassland [259]

Diet: Grass [258]
 EX 


0 Steady2.svg [259]

Roan antelope

Roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus equinus) male.jpg

H. equinus
(Desmarest, 1804)

Six subspecies
  • H. e. bakeri
  • H. e. cottoni
  • H. e. equinus
  • H. e. koba
  • H. e. langheldi
  • H. e. scharicus
Sub-Saharan Africa
Roan Antelope Hippotragus equinus distribution map.png
Size: 190–240 cm (75–94 in) long, plus 37–48 cm (15–19 in) tail [260]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [261]

Diet: Grass [260]
 LC 


50,000–60,000 Decrease2.svg [261]

Sable antelope

Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) adult male.jpg

H. niger
(Harris, 1838)

Four subspecies
  • H. n. kirkii (Zambian sable antelope)
  • H. n. niger (Southern sable antelope)
  • H. n. roosevelti (Eastern sable antelope)
  • H. n. variani (Giant sable antelope)
Southeastern Africa
Hippotragus niger distribution.svg
Size: 190–255 cm (75–100 in) long, plus 40–75 cm (16–30 in) tail [262]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [263]

Diet: Grass, as well as forbs and leaves [263]
 LC 


50,000–60,000 Steady2.svg [263]

Genus Oryx Blainville, 1816 – four species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Arabian oryx

Arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx).jpg

O. leucoryx
(Pallas, 1777)
Arabian Peninsula
Arabian oryx distribution.png
Size: 153–235 cm (60–93 in) long, plus 45–90 cm (18–35 in) tail [264]

Habitat: Desert [265]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [265]
 VU 


850 Steady2.svg [265]

East African oryx

Common beisa oryx (Oryx beisa beisa) female.jpg

O. beisa
(Rüppell, 1835)

Two subspecies
Eastern Africa
East African oryx Oryx beisa distribution map.png
Size: 153–170 cm (60–67 in) long, plus 45–50 cm (18–20 in) tail [266]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert [267]

Diet: Grass and shrubs, as well as melons, roots, bulbs, and tubers [267]
 EN 


11,000–13,000 Decrease2.svg [267]

Gemsbok

Gemsbok (Oryx gazella) male.jpg

O. gazella
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Southern Africa
Gemsbok Oryx gazella distribution map.png
Size: 180–195 cm (71–77 in) long [268]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert [269]

Diet: Grass and shrubs, as well as melons, roots, bulbs, and tubers [269]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [269]

Scimitar oryx

Oryx Dammah.jpg

O. dammah
(Cretzschmar, 1827)
Reservation in Chad Size: 190–220 cm (75–87 in) long, plus 45–60 cm (18–24 in) tail [270]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and desert [271]

Diet: Grass, herbs, roots, and buds, as well as fruit and vegetables [272]
 EN 


150 Increase2.svg [271]

Subfamily Nesotraginae

Genus Nesotragus von Düben, 1846 – two species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Bates's pygmy antelope

Neotragus batesi Goodchild.jpg

N. batesi
(Winton, 1903)
Central Africa
Neotragus batesi.png
Size: 50–58 cm (20–23 in) long, plus 4–5 cm (2–2 in) tail [273]

Habitat: Forest [274]

Diet: Leaves [274]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [274]

Suni

Suni 3.jpg

N. moschatus
von Dueben, 1846

Four subspecies
  • N. m. kirchenpaueri
  • N. m. livingstonianus
  • N. m. moschatus
  • N. m. zuluensis
Eastern Africa
Nesotragus moschatus distribution map.jpg
Size: 57–62 cm (22–24 in) long [275]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [276]

Diet: Leaves [275]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [276]

Subfamily Reduncinae

Genus Kobus Smith, 1840 – five species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Kob

Male Ugandan kob - Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda (4).jpg

K. kob
(Erxleben, 1777)

Three subspecies
  • K. k. kob (Buffon's kob)
  • K. k. leucotis (White-eared kob)
  • K. k. thomasi (Ugandan kob)
Central and western Africa
Kobus kob distribution.svg
Size: 160–180 cm (63–71 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [277]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands [278]

Diet: Grass [278]
 LC 


500,000–1,000,000 Decrease2.svg [278]

Lechwe

Red lechwe (Kobus leche leche) male.jpg

K. leche
Gray, 1850

Four subspecies
Scattered southern Africa
Kobus leche range map.png
Size: 130–180 cm (51–71 in) long, plus 30–45 cm (12–18 in) tail [279]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, and inland wetlands [280]

Diet: Floodplain and aquatic grass [280]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [280]

Nile lechwe

Voduska abok 1.jpg

K. megaceros
(Fitzinger, 1855)
South Sudan and Ethiopia Size: 130–180 cm (51–71 in) long, plus 45–50 cm (18–20 in) tail [281]

Habitat: Grassland and inland wetlands [282]

Diet: Grass and water plants [283]
 EN 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [282]

Puku

Puku male.jpg

K. vardonii
(Livingstone, 1857)

Two subspecies
  • K. v. senganus
  • K. v. vardonii
Scattered south-central Africa
Leefgebied Puku-Kobus vardonii.png
Size: 126–142 cm (50–56 in) long [284]

Habitat: Savanna, grassland, and inland wetlands [285]

Diet: Grass [284]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [285]

Waterbuck

Ugandan defassa waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa) male.jpg

K. ellipsiprymnus
(Ogilby, 1833)

Thirteen subspecies
  • K. e. adolfifriderici
  • K. e. annectens
  • K. e. crawshayi (Crawshay defassa waterbuck)
  • K. e. defassa
  • K. e. ellipsiprymnus
  • K. e. harnieri
  • K. e. kondensis
  • K. e. pallidus
  • K. e. penricei (Angolan defassa waterbuck)
  • K. e. thikae
  • K. e. tjaederi
  • K. e. tschadensis
  • K. e. unctuosus
Sub-Saharan Africa (ellipsiprymnus, kondensis, pallidus, and thikae in yellow)
Waterbuck distribution map.png
Size: 177–235 cm (70–93 in) long [286]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [287]

Diet: Grass and shrubs [287]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [287]

Genus Pelea Gray, 1851 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Grey rhebok

Grey Rhebok (Pelea capreolus) (32453042900).jpg

P. capreolus
(Forster, 1790)
Southern AfricaSize: 115–125 cm (45–49 in) long [288]

Habitat: Savanna and grassland [289]

Diet: Shrubs and forbs [289]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [289]

Genus Redunca H. Smith, 1827 – three species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Bohor reedbuck

2009-reedbuck.jpg

R. redunca
(Pallas, 1767)

Seven subspecies
  • R. r. bohor (Abyssinian bohor reedbuck)
  • R. r. cottoni
  • R. r. nigeriensis
  • R. r. redunca
  • R. r. wardi
Central AfricaSize: 100–135 cm (39–53 in) long [290]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland [291]

Diet: Grass [291]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [291]

Mountain reedbuck

Southern Mountain Reedbuck (Redunca fulvorufula) (33043612376).jpg

R. fulvorufula
(Afzelius, 1815)

Three subspecies
  • R. f. adamauae (Adamawa mountain reedbuck)
  • R. f. chanleri (Chanler's mountain reedbuck)
  • R. f. fulvorufula (Southern mountain reedbuck)
Separated central, eastern, and southern Africa
Redunca fulvorufula.png
Size: 100–124 cm (39–49 in) long, plus 13–20 cm (5–8 in) tail [292]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [293]

Diet: Grass [293]
 EN 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [293]

Southern reedbuck

Southern Reedbuck (Redunca arundinum) iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.jpg

R. arundinum
(Boddaert, 1785)
Southern Africa
Redunca arundinum range map.png
Size: 134–167 cm (53–66 in) long [294]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands [295]

Diet: Grass, as well as herbs and shrubs [295]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [295]

Notes

  1. American bison population does not include around 500,000 on farms, which are almost universally bison-cattle hybrids. [96]

Related Research Articles

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