Rupicapra

Rupicapra
Chamois
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Bovidae
Subfamily:	Caprinae
Tribe:	Caprini
Genus:	Rupicapra Garsault, 1764
Type species
Capra rupicapra Linnaeus, 1768
Range of Rupicapra during the Holocene (grey) and present range (red)

Rupicapra is a genus of two species of goat-antelope called chamois. They belong to the bovine family of hoofed mammals, the Bovidae.

Taxonomy

Two extant species are accepted. ^[1]

Image	Scientific name	Common name	Distribution	Subspecies
	Rupicapra rupicapra	Alpine chamois	The mountains of southern and central Europe, and Turkey and the Caucasus in southwest Asia	Seven subspecies; see the species page for details
	Rupicapra pyrenaica	Pyrenean chamois	The Pyrenees and Cantabrian Mountains in southwestern Europe, and the Apennines in Italy	Three subspecies, R. p. pyrenaica in the Pyrenees, R. p. parva (Cantabrian chamois) in the Cantabrian Mountains, and R. p. ornata (Apennine chamois) in the Apennines.

Description

Both male and female have hook-shaped horns that slightly curl backwards and grow little by little each year, never falling off. Their coats are light brown and short-haired in the summer, and darker and longer-haired in the winter; the head has two pale creamy-white patches, from the nose to between the horns, and from the chin round the cheeks and behind the eyes to just below the ears; the pale patches are separated by dark stripes from the mouth up through the eye to the back of the head. There are also two darker bands on their flanks.

Behaviour

In the summer, the Apennine chamois prefers rock faces and pasture lands at heights above 1,700 m (5,600 ft) for its habitat, and in the winter it prefers to retreat to the woods below. The diet consists of grasses, leaves, buds, shoots and fungi. Adult males prefer a solitary life, only approaching females during the mating season. Groups consist only of females, young males, and "kids". Females give birth to only one kid after a gestation period of 23 to 24 weeks. ^[2]

Conservation

A 2014 study by Durham University discovered that these goats are shrinking in size due to global warming and climatic changes. ^[3]

References

1. Grubb, P. (2005). "Order Artiodactyla". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 711–712. ISBN   978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC   62265494.
2. "Apennine Chamois Facts - Photos - Earth's Endangered Creatures".
3. "Mountain Goats Are Shrinking—A Lot—Because of Global Warming". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on January 24, 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2014.

External links

• Garsault, F.A.P. de 1764. Les figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en médecine, décrits dans la Matière Médicale de Mr. Geoffroy Médecin, dessinés d'après nature. Gravés par Mrs. Defehrt, Prevost, Duflos, Martinet &c. Niquet scrip. Vol. 5. pl. 644–729. Paris: Desprez. BHL. Reference page.
• Welter-Schultes, F.W. & Klug, R. 2009. Nomenclatural consequences resulting from the rediscovery of Les figures des plantes et animaux d’usage en médecine, a rare work published by Garsault in 1764, in the zoological literature. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 66(3): 225–241. doi : 10.21805/bzn.v66i3.a1. Reference page.
• Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, Deeann M. (2005). Rupicapra in Mammal Species of the World. Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN   0-8018-8221-4.