| Mainland serow | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | Bovidae |
| Subfamily: | Caprinae |
| Genus: | Capricornis |
| Species: | C. sumatraensis [3] |
| Binomial name | |
| Capricornis sumatraensis [3] (Bechstein, 1799) | |
 | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The mainland serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) is a species of serow native to the Himalayas, Southeast Asia and China. [2] [3]
In 1831, Brian Houghton Hodgson first described a goat-like animal with short annulated horns occurring in montane regions between the Sutlej and Teesta Rivers under the name "Bubaline Antelope". [5] As "Bubaline" was preoccupied, he gave it the scientific name Antelope thar a few months later. [6] When William Ogilby described the genus Capricornis in 1838, he determined the Himalayan serow as type species of this genus. [7]
Teeth from C. sumatraensis were found in a dig from Khok Sung, estimated to originate from the Middle Pleistocene. [8]
The mainland serow possesses guard hairs on its coat that are bristly or coarse and cover the layer of fur closest to its skin to varying degrees. The animal has a mane that runs from the horns to the middle of the dorsal aspect of the animal between the scapulae covering the skin. The horns are only characteristic of the males and are light-colored, approximately six inches in length, and curve slightly towards the animal's back. The mainland serow, both male and female, is around three feet high at the shoulder, and typically weighs around 200 lb (91 kg). [9] [10]
The mainland serow occurs in central and southern China, India, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and in the Indonesian island of Sumatra. [2] In Assam, it inhabits hilly forests above an elevation of 300 m (980 ft), but descends to 100 m (330 ft) in winter. [11] It prefers elevations of 2,500–3,500 m (8,200–11,500 ft) in the Nepal Himalayas. [12] In Tibet, its distribution follows forested mountain ranges. [13]
The mainland serow is territorial and lives alone or in small groups. [14] Females give birth to a single young after a gestation period of about eight months. [15]
Fossils from Khok Sung in northeastern Thailand suggest it was a forest dweller in this palaeoenvironment. [16]
The mainland serow is protected under CITES Appendix I. [2]
The gaur is a bovine native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, and has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1986. The global population was estimated at a maximum of 21,000 mature individuals in 2016, with the majority of those existing in India.
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The Bornean bearded pig, also known as the Sunda bearded pig or simply bearded pig, is a species in the pig genus, Sus.
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The serow, is any of four species of medium-sized goat-like or antelope-like mammals in the genus Capricornis. All four species of serow were, until recently, classified under Naemorhedus, which now only contains the gorals.
The Sumatran serow, also known as the southern serow, is a subspecies of the mainland serow native to mountain forests in the Thai-Malay Peninsula and on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It was previously considered its own species, but is now grouped under the mainland serow, as all the mainland species of serow were previously considered subspecies of this species. The Sumatran serow is threatened due to habitat loss and hunting, leading to it being evaluated as vulnerable by the IUCN.
The Himalayan serow, also known as the thar, is a subspecies of the mainland serow native to the Himalayas. It was previously considered its own species, as Capricornis thar. It is the official state animal of the Indian state of Mizoram.
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