List of felids

Last updated
Left to right, top to bottom: tiger (Panthera tigris), Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), serval (Leptailurus serval), cougar (Puma concolor), fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus), Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), and European wildcat (Felis silvestris) The Felidae.jpg
Left to right, top to bottom: tiger (Panthera tigris), Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), serval (Leptailurus serval), cougar (Puma concolor), fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus), Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), and European wildcat (Felis silvestris)
Range of Felidae. Blue is the range of Felinae (excluding the domestic cat), green is the range of Pantherinae. Felidae range.png
Range of Felidae. Blue is the range of Felinae (excluding the domestic cat), green is the range of Pantherinae.

Felidae is a family of mammals in the order Carnivora, colloquially referred to as cats. A member of this family is called a felid. [1] [2] The term "cat" refers both to felids in general and specifically to domestic cats. The characteristic features of cats have evolved to support a carnivorous lifestyle, with adaptations for ambush or stalking and short pursuit hunting. They have slender muscular bodies, strong flexible forelimbs and retractable claws for holding prey, dental and cranial adaptations for a strong bite, and often have characteristic striped or spotted coat patterns for camouflage. [3] [4]

Contents

Felidae comprises two extant subfamilies, the Pantherinae and the Felinae. The former includes the five Panthera species tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard, and snow leopard, as well as the two Neofelis species clouded leopard and Sunda clouded leopard. [2] The subfamily Felinae includes 12 genera and 34 species, such as the bobcat, caracal, cheetah, cougar, ocelot, and common domestic cat. [5]

Traditionally, five subfamilies have been distinguished within the Felidae based on phenotypical features: the Felinae, the Pantherinae, the Acinonychinae (cheetahs), the extinct Machairodontinae, and the extinct Proailurinae. [6] Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests that living (extant) felids fall into eight lineages (clades). [7] [8] The placement of the cheetah within the Puma lineage invalidates the traditional subfamily Acinonychinae, and recent sources use only two subfamilies for extant genera. [5] The number of accepted species in Felidae has been around 40 since the 18th century, though research, especially modern molecular phylogenetic analysis, has over time adjusted the generally accepted genera as well as the divisions between recognized subspecies, species, and population groups. [9] In addition to the extant species listed here, over 30 fossil genera have been described; these are divided into the subfamilies Felinae, Pantherinae, Proailurinae, and Machairodontinae. This final subfamily includes the genus Smilodon , known as the saber-toothed cat, which went extinct around 10,000 years ago. The earliest known felid genus is Proailurus , part of Proailurinae, which lived approximately 25 million years ago in Eurasia. [10]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX  Extinct (0 species)
 EW  Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR  Critically Endangered (0 species)
 EN  Endangered (5 species)
 VU  Vulnerable (13 species)
 NT  Near threatened (7 species)
 LC  Least concern (14 species)
Other categories
 DD  Data deficient (0 species)
 NE  Not evaluated (2 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the cat's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "".

Classification

The family Felidae consists of 41 extant species belonging to 14 genera and divided into 92 subspecies. This does not include hybrid species (such as the liger) or extinct prehistoric species (such as Smilodon). Modern molecular studies indicate that the 14 genera can be grouped into 8 lineages. [9]

Subfamily Felinae : small and medium-sized cats

Subfamily Pantherinae : large cats

  Felidae  
Panthera lineage
   Pantherinae   

Panthera

Neofelis

   Felinae   
Bay cat lineage

Catopuma

Pardofelis

Caracal lineage

Caracal

Leptailurus

Ocelot lineage

Leopardus

Lynx lineage

Lynx

Puma lineage

Puma

Herpailurus

Acinonyx

Leopard Cat lineage

Prionailurus

Otocolobus

Felis

Domestic Cat lineage

Felids

The following classification is based on the most recent proposals, as codified in 2017 by the Cat Specialist Group of the IUCN. [9] Range maps are based on IUCN range data.

Subfamily Felinae

Bay cat lineage

Genus Catopuma Severtzov, 1858 – two species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
Asian golden cat

Asian Golden cat.jpg

C. temminckii
(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)

Two subspecies
  • C. t. moormensis
  • C. t. temminckii
Scattered areas of Southeast Asia
Distibution map of Asian Golden Cat.svg
Size: 71–105 cm (28–41 in) long, 40–56 cm (16–22 in) tail [11]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, and shrubland [12]

Diet: Mostly unknown, with evidence of rodents, squirrels, and snakes [12]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [12]

Bay cat

Bay cat 1 Jim Sanderson-cropped.jpg

C. badia
(Gray, 1874)
The island of Borneo
BayCat distribution.jpg
Size: 53–67 cm (21–26 in) long, 32–40 cm (13–16 in) tail [13]

Habitat: Forest [14]

Diet: Unknown [14]
 EN 


2,200 Decrease2.svg [14]

Genus Pardofelis Severtzov, 1858 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
Marbled cat

Marbled cat borneo.jpg

P. marmorata
(Martin, 1836)

Two subspecies
  • P. m. longicaudata
  • P. m. marmorata
Parts of Southeast Asia
Marbled Cat area.png
Size: 45–62 cm (18–24 in) long, 36–55 cm (14–22 in) tail [15]

Habitat: Forest [16]

Diet: Likely rodents, squirrels, and birds [16]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [16]

Caracal lineage

Genus Caracal Gray, 1843 – two species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
African golden cat

FelisAurataKeulemans.jpg

C. aurata
(Temminck, 1827)

Two subspecies
  • C. a. aurata
  • C. a. celidogaster
Central Africa
Distribution P. aurata.svg
Size: 65–90 cm (26–35 in) long, 28–35 cm (11–14 in) tail [17]

Habitat: Forest [18]

Diet: Rodents and squirrels, along with antelope and primates [18]
 VU 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [18]

Caracal

Caracl (01), Paris, decembre 2013.jpg

C. caracal
(Schreber, 1776)

Three subspecies
  • C. c. caracals (Southern caracal)
  • C. c. nubicus (Northern caracal)
  • C. c. schmitzi (Asiatic caracal)
Most of non-desert Africa and Middle East
Caracal distribution.png
Size: 80–100 cm (31–39 in) long, 20–34 cm (8–13 in) tail [19]

Habitat: Forest, desert, grassland, shrubland, and savanna [20]

Diet: Rodents, as well as antelope, birds, reptiles, and fish [20]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [20]

Genus Leptailurus Severtzov, 1858 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
Serval

Leptailurus serval -Serengeti National Park, Tanzania-8.jpg

L. serval
(Schreber, 1776)

Three subspecies
  • L. s. constantina
  • L. s. lipostictus
  • L. s. serva
Non-rainforest sub-Saharan Africa
Serval range IUCN.svg
Size: 59–100 cm (23–39 in) long, 20–38 cm (8–15 in) tail [21]

Habitat: Grassland, inland wetlands, forest, and savanna [22]

Diet: Small mammals and rodents, as well as birds, reptiles, and arthropods [22]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [22]

Ocelot lineage

Genus Leopardus Gray, 1842 – eight species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
Andean mountain cat

Andean cat 1 Jim Sanderson.jpg

L. jacobita
(Cornalia, 1865)
Andes mountains
Leopardus jacobita distribution.svg
Size: 57–65 cm (22–26 in) long, 41–48 cm (16–19 in) tail [23]

Habitat: Rocky areas, shrubland, and grassland [24]

Diet: Rodents, as well as other small mammals [24]
 EN 


1,400 Decrease2.svg [24]

Geoffroy's cat

Salzkatze.jpg

L. geoffroyi
(d'Orbigny & Gervais, 1844)
Southern and central regions of South America
Leopardus geoffroyi range map.png
Size: 43–88 cm (17–35 in) long, 23–40 cm (9–16 in) tail [25]

Habitat: Savanna, forest, shrubland, and grassland [26]

Diet: Small rodents, birds, and rabbits [26]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [26]

Kodkod

Leopardus guigna.jpeg

L. guigna
(Molina, 1782)

Two subspecies
  • L. g. guigna
  • L. g. tigrillo
Central and southern Chile
Oncifelis guigna dis.png
Size: 37–56 cm (15–22 in) long, 20–25 cm (8–10 in) tail [27]

Habitat: Shrubland and forest [28]

Diet: Small mammals, especially rodents, and also small marsupials, birds, reptiles, and carrion [28]
 VU 


6,000–92,000 Decrease2.svg [28]

Margay

Margaykat Leopardus wiedii.jpg

L. wiedii
(Schinz, 1821)

Three subspecies
  • L. w. glauculus
  • L. w. vigens
  • L. w. wiedii
Most of South America and Central America
Margay area.png
Size: 46–69 cm (18–27 in) long, 23–52 cm (9–20 in) tail [29]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and savanna [30]

Diet: Small mammals, as well as lizards and birds [30]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [30]

Ocelot

Ocelot (Jaguatirica) Zoo Itatiba.jpg

L. pardalis
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Two subspecies
  • L. p. mitis
  • L. p. pardalis
Most of South and Central America, Southwestern United States, Trinidad and Margarita in the Caribbean
Ocelot area.png
Size: 50–102 cm (20–40 in) long, 30–50 cm (12–20 in) tail [31]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and savanna [32]

Diet: Small and medium mammals, birds and reptiles [32]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [32]

Oncilla

Leopardus tigrinus - Parc des Felins.jpg

L. tigrinus
(Schreber, 1775)

Three subspecies
  • L. t. oncilla
  • L. t. pardinoides
  • L. t. tigrinus
Most of South America
Oncilla area.png
Size: 38–59 cm (15–23 in) long, 20–42 cm (8–17 in) tail [33]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [34]

Diet: Small mammals, birds and reptiles [34]
 VU 


9,000–10,000 Decrease2.svg [34]

Pampas cat

Leopardus pajeros 20101006.jpg

L. colocola
(Molina, 1782)

Seven subspecies
  • L. c. braccatus
  • L. c. budini
  • L. c. colocola
  • L. c. garleppi
  • L. c. munoai
  • L. c. pajeros
  • L. c. wolffsohn
West coast of South America and parts of Brazil
Leopardus colocolo range map.png
Size: 42–79 cm (17–31 in) long, 22–33 cm (9–13 in) tail [35]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert [36]

Diet: Small mammals and ground-dwelling birds [36]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [36]

Southern tigrina


L. guttulus
(Hensel, 1872)
Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay
Leopardus guttulus range map.png
Size: 38–59 cm (15–23 in) long, 20–42 cm (8–17 in) tail [37]

Habitat: Forest and savanna [38]

Diet: Small mammals, birds and lizards [38]
 VU 


6,000 Decrease2.svg [38]

Lynx lineage

Genus Lynx Kerr, 1792 – four species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
Bobcat

Bobcat2.jpg

L. rufus
(Schreber, 1777)

Two subspecies
  • L. r. fasciatus
  • L. r. rufus
Most of the United States and parts of Canada and Mexico
Bobcat Lynx rufus distribution map.png
Size: 50–120 cm (20–47 in) long, 9–25 cm (4–10 in) tail [39]

Habitat: Desert, shrubland, savanna, forest, and grassland [40]

Diet: Rabbits, along with rodents and small or medium-sized mammals [40]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [40]

Canada lynx

Canada Lynx (6187103428).jpg

L. canadensis
Kerr, 1792
Canada, Alaska, and parts of northern United States
Canada Lynx area.png
Size: 73–106 cm (29–42 in) long, 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [41]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [42]

Diet: Almost exclusively hares, especially snowshoe hares [42]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [42]

Eurasian lynx

Lynx lynx2.jpg

L. lynx
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Six subspecies
Eastern Europe, Russia, and parts of China
Eurasian Lynx area.png
Size: 90–120 cm (35–47 in) long, 19–23 cm (7–9 in) tail [43]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, desert, rocky areas, and grassland [44]

Diet: Deer, as well as other small or medium-sized mammals and birds [44]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [44]

Iberian lynx

Linces19.jpg

L. pardinus
(Temminck, 1827)
Scattered pockets of southern SpainSize: 65–92 cm (26–36 in) long, 11–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [45]

Habitat: Shrubland [46]

Diet: Almost exclusively European rabbit [46]
 EN 


160 Increase2.svg [46]

Puma lineage

Genus Acinonyx Brookes, 1828 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
Cheetah

Cheetah (Kruger National Park, South Africa, 2001).jpg

A. jubatus
(Schreber, 1775)

Four subspecies
Southern, eastern, and central Africa; Iran
Cheetah range - 2.png
Size: 113–140 cm (44–55 in) long, 60–84 cm (24–33 in) tail [47]

Habitat: Desert, grassland, savanna, and shrubland [48]

Diet: Antelopes and gazelles [48]
 VU 


6,700 Decrease2.svg [48]

Genus Herpailurus Saint-Hilaire, 1803 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
Jaguarundi

Puma yagouaroundi.jpg

H. yagouaroundi
(Saint-Hilaire, 1803)
Most of South and Central America
Jaguarundi area.png
Size: 49–78 cm (19–31 in) long, 28–59 cm (11–23 in) tail [49]

Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, savanna, and forest [50]

Diet: Small mammals, birds and reptiles [50]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [50]

Genus Puma Jardine, 1834 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
Cougar

Mountain Lion in Glacier National Park.jpg

P. concolor
(Linnaeus, 1771)

Two subspecies
South America and North America
Cougar range map 2010.png
Size: 100–150 cm (39–59 in) long, 60–90 cm (24–35 in) tail [51]

Habitat: Forest, desert, grassland, savanna, and shrubland [52]

Diet: Deer, as well as smaller mammals such as feral pigs, raccoons and armadillos [52]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [52]

Leopard cat lineage

Genus Otocolobus Brandt, 1841 – one species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
Pallas's cat

Manoel.jpg

O. manul
(Pallas, 1776)

Two subspecies
  • O. m. manul
  • O. m. nigripectus
Central Asia
Manul map.svg
Size: 46–65 cm (18–26 in) long, 21–31 cm (8–12 in) tail [53]

Habitat: Rocky areas, grassland, shrubland, and desert [54]

Diet: Small mammals, especially pikas, as well as rodents and birds [54]
 NT 


15,000 Decrease2.svg [54]

Genus Prionailurus Severtzov, 1858 – five species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
Fishing cat

Prionailurus viverrinus 01.jpg

P. viverrinus
(Bennett, 1833)

Two subspecies
  • P. v. viverrinus
  • P. v. rhizophoreus
South and Southeast Asia
Prionailurus viverrinus range map.png
Size: 65–85 cm (26–33 in) long, 25–30 cm (10–12 in) tail [55]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, shrubland, grassland, and forest [56]

Diet: Rodents, birds and fish [56]
 VU 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [56]

Flat-headed cat

Flat-headed cat 1 Jim Sanderson.JPG

P. planiceps
(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)
The Thai-Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra
Plionailurus planiceps former distribution.png
Size: 45–52 cm (18–20 in) long, 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail [57]

Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [58]

Diet: Fish, as well as birds and small rodents [58]
 EN 


2,500 Decrease2.svg [58]

Leopard cat

Close-up of a Leopard Cat in Sundarban.jpg

P. bengalensis
(Kerr, 1792)

Two subspecies
  • P. b. bengalensis
  • P. b. euptilura
Eastern Asia
Leopard Cat area.png
Size: 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long, 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail [59]

Habitat: Grassland, inland wetlands, shrubland, and forest [60]

Diet: Rodents, particularly murids, as well as other small mammals, eels, and fish [60]
 LC 


Unknown Steady2.svg [60]

Rusty-spotted cat

Rusty spotted cat 1.jpg

P. rubiginosus
(Saint-Hilaire, 1834)

Three subspecies
  • P. r. koladivius
  • P. r. phillipsi
  • P. r. rubiginosus
India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal
Prionailurus rubiginosus range map.png
Size: 35–48 cm (14–19 in) long, 20–25 cm (8–10 in) tail [61]

Habitat: Desert, savanna, grassland, shrubland, and forest [62]

Diet: Rodents [62]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [62]

Sunda leopard cat

Leopard Cat (14840017319).jpg

P. javanensis
(Desmarest, 1816)

Two subspecies
  • P. j. javanensis
  • P. j. sumatranus
Sundaland islands of Java, Bali, Borneo, Sumatra, and the Philippines
Prionailurus javanensis range map.png
Size: 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long, 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail [59]

Habitat: Forest [63]

Diet: Rodents, as well as amphibians, lizards, and birds [63] [64]
 NE 


Unknown

Domestic cat lineage

Genus Felis Linnaeus, 1758 – seven species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
African wildcat

Parc des Felins Chat de Gordoni 28082013 2.jpg

F. lybica
Forster, 1780

Three subspecies
Africa, West and Central Asia, northern India, and western China
Felis Lybica range map.png
Size: 45–80 cm (18–31 in) long, 30 cm (12 in) tail [65]

Habitat: Forest, desert, shrubland, savanna, and grassland [66]

Diet: Rodents and rabbits, and to a lesser extent birds and other small animals [66]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [66]

Black-footed cat

Zoo Wuppertal Schwarzfusskatze.jpg

F. nigripes
Burchell, 1824
Southern Africa
Black-footed Cat area.png
Size: 37–52 cm (15–20 in) long, 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [67]

Habitat: Savanna, grassland, and desert [68]

Diet: Small mammals and birds [68]
 VU 


9,700 Decrease2.svg [68]

Chinese mountain cat

Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis Bieti) in XiNing Wild Zoo.jpg

F. bieti
Milne-Edwards, 1892
Northwest China
Felis bieti map.svg
Size: 60–85 cm (24–33 in) long, 29–35 cm (11–14 in) tail [69]

Habitat: Grassland and forest [70]

Diet: Unknown [70]
 VU 


10,000 Decrease2.svg [70]

Domestic cat

Cat poster 1.jpg

F. catus
Linnaeus, 1758
WorldwideSize: 46 cm (18 in) long, 30 cm (12 in) tail [71]

Habitat: Domesticated; feral cats have a cosmopolitan distribution in forests, grasslands, tundra, coastal areas, agricultural land, scrublands, urban areas, and wetlands [72]

Diet: Birds and small mammals in the wild [72]
 NE 


Over 500 million [73]

European wildcat

Felis silvestris Kocka divoka zoo cropped.jpg

F. silvestris
Schreber, 1777

Two subspecies
Spain, Scotland, the Balkans, and Central Europe
Leefgebied wilde kat 2.JPG
Size: 45–80 cm (18–31 in) long, 30 cm (12 in) tail [74]

Habitat: Shrubland and forest [75]

Diet: Rodents and rabbits, and to a lesser extent birds [75]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [75]

Jungle cat

FelisChausMunsiari1.jpg

F. chaus
Schreber, 1777

Three subspecies
  • F. c. affinis
  • F. c. chaus
  • F. c. fulvidina
India and parts of the Middle East and Southeast Asia
Jungle Cat area.png
Size: 58–76 cm (23–30 in) long, 21–27 cm (8–11 in) tail [76]

Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, desert, grassland, shrubland, and savanna [77]

Diet: Small mammals and rodents, as well as birds and other small animals [77]
 LC 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [77]

Sand cat

SandCat12.jpg

F. margarita
Loche, 1858

Two subspecies
  • F. m. margarita
  • F. m. thinobia
Scattered areas in Western Africa, Saudi Arabia, and near the Caspian Sea
Sand Cat area.png
Size: 39–52 cm (15–20 in) long, 22–31 cm (9–12 in) tail [78]

Habitat: Desert [79]

Diet: Small rodents, as well as small birds and lizards [79]
 LC 


Unknown Blue question mark (italic).svg [79]

Subfamily Pantherinae

Panthera lineage

Genus Neofelis Gray, 1867 – two species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
Clouded leopard

Clouded leopard.jpg

N. nebulosa
(Griffith, 1821)
Scattered Southeast Asia and southern China (current in red, historical range in green)
Clouded Leopard distribution.png
Size: 69–108 cm (27–43 in) long, 61–91 cm (24–36 in) tail [80]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland [81]

Diet: Medium-sized and small mammals on the ground and in trees, as well as birds [81]
 VU 


3,700-5,600 Decrease2.svg [81]

Sunda clouded leopard

Borneo clouded leopard.jpg

N. diardi
Cuvier, 1823

Two subspecies
Parts of Sumatra and Borneo
Neofelis diardi Locator Map.svg
Size: 69–108 cm (27–43 in) long, 61–91 cm (24–36 in) tail [82]

Habitat: Forest [83]

Diet: Medium-sized and small mammals [83]
 VU 


4,500 Decrease2.svg [83]

Genus Panthera Oken, 1816 – five species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population [lower-alpha 1]
Jaguar

Standing jaguar.jpg

P. onca
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Large swathes of South and Latin America, and Arizona in the United States
Panthera onca distribution.svg
Size: 110–170 cm (43–67 in) long, 44–80 cm (17–31 in) tail [84]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, inland wetlands, savanna, and grassland [85]

Diet: Variety of mammals, reptiles and birds, preferring ungulates [85]
 NT 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [85]

Leopard

African leopard, Panthera pardus pardus, near Lake Panic, Kruger National Park, South Africa (19448654130).jpg

P. pardus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Eight subspecies
Much of Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, the Caucasus in Europe, Southeast Asia, and Siberia
Leopard distribution.jpg
Size: 91–191 cm (36–75 in) long, 51–101 cm (20–40 in) tail [86]

Habitat: Forest, desert, rocky areas, grassland, savanna, and shrubland [87]

Diet: Ungulates, as well as other mammals, insects, reptiles, and birds [87]
 VU 


Unknown Decrease2.svg [87]

Lion

Lion waiting in Namibia.jpg

P. leo
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Sub-Saharan Africa and India
Lion distribution.png
Size: 137–250 cm (54–98 in) long, 60–100 cm (24–39 in) tail [88]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, shrubland, savanna, and desert [89]

Diet: Ungulates such as antelopes, zebra, and wildebeest, as well as other small to large mammals [89]
 VU 


23,000–39,000 Decrease2.svg [89]

Snow leopard

Schneeleopard Koeln.jpg

P. uncia
(Schreber, 1775)
Himalayas reaching north to Mongolia
Snow leopard range.png
Size: 90–120 cm (35–47 in) long, 80–100 cm (31–39 in) tail [90]

Habitat: Shrubland, rocky areas, forest, and grassland [91]

Diet: Caprids such as sheep and goats, as well as small mammals and birds [91]
 VU 


2,700–3,400 Decrease2.svg [91]

Tiger

Panthera tigris corbetti (Tierpark Berlin) 832-714-(118).jpg

P. tigris
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Two subspecies
Scattered sections of Southeast Asia, Indian subcontinent, and Siberia
Tiger map.svg
Size: 150–230 cm (59–91 in) long, 90–110 cm (35–43 in) tail [92]

Habitat: Shrubland, forest, and grassland [93]

Diet: Deer and wild pigs, as well as a wide variety of other animals [93]
 EN 


2,600–3,900 Decrease2.svg [93]

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Population figures rounded to the nearest hundred. Population trends as described by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Related Research Articles

The term "big cat" is typically used to refer to any of the five living members of the genus Panthera, namely the tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard, and snow leopard, as well as the non-pantherine cheetah and cougar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pantherinae</span> Subfamily of felids

The Pantherinae is a subfamily of the Felidae; it was named and first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1917 as only including the Panthera species. The Pantherinae genetically diverged from a common ancestor between 9.32 to 4.47 million years ago and 10.67 to 3.76 million years ago.

This article is a list of biological species, subspecies, and evolutionary significant units that are known to have become extinct during the Holocene, the current geologic epoch, ordered by their known or approximate date of disappearance from oldest to most recent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates</span> List of highly-endangered primate species

The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates is a list of highly endangered primate species selected and published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (SSC) Primate Specialist Group (PSG), the International Primatological Society (IPS), Global Wildlife Conservation (GWC), and Bristol Zoological Society (BZS). The IUCN/SSC PSG worked with Conservation International (CI) to start the list in 2000, but in 2002, during the 19th Congress of the International Primatological Society, primatologists reviewed and debated the list, resulting in the 2002–2004 revision and the endorsement of the IPS. The publication was a joint project between the three conservation organizations until the 2012–2014 list when BZS was added as a publisher. The 2018–2020 list was the first time Conservation International was not among the publishers, replaced instead by GWC. The list has been revised every two years following the biannual Congress of the IPS. Starting with the 2004–2006 report, the title changed to "Primates in Peril: The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates". That same year, the list began to provide information about each species, including their conservation status and the threats they face in the wild. The species text is written in collaboration with experts from the field, with 60 people contributing to the 2006–2008 report and 85 people contributing to the 2008–2010 report. The 2004–2006 and 2006–2008 reports were published in the IUCN/SSC PSG journal Primate Conservation,, since then they have been published as independent publications.

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