List of sigmodontines

Hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus)

Sigmodontinae is a subfamily of mammals in the rodent family Cricetidae, which in turn is part of the Myomorpha suborder in the order Rodentia. Members of this subfamily are called sigmodontines or New World rats and mice and include grass mice and rice rats. They are found in South America and southern North America, primarily in forests, shrublands, and grasslands, though some species can be found in rocky areas and wetlands. They range in size from the small vesper mouse, at 5 cm (2 in) plus a 4 cm (2 in) tail, to the Magdalena water rat, at 29 cm (11 in) plus a 27 cm (11 in) tail. Sigmodontines generally eat vegetation, seeds, and insects, though some also eat fungi, crustaceans, or small fish. No sigmodontines have population estimates, but thirteen species are categorized as endangered, and two species—the fossorial giant rat and Zuniga's dark rice rat—are categorized as critically endangered. Ten species, including the genera Megalomys , Megaoryzomys , and Noronhomys , were driven extinct after 1500 due to the European colonization of the Americas and introduction of non-native rats, with some species surviving until the 1900s. ^[1]

The 385 extant species of Sigmodontinae are divided into 84 genera, ranging in size from 1 to 42 species. Several extinct prehistoric sigmodontine species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries, the exact number and categorization are not fixed. ^[2]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories

Conservation status
EX	Extinct (10 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically endangered (2 species)
EN	Endangered (13 species)
VU	Vulnerable (27 species)
NT	Near threatened (14 species)
LC	Least concern (265 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (59 species)
NE	Not evaluated (5 species)

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the sigmodontine's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species, subspecies, or genera listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol: "†".

Classification

Sigmodontinae is a subfamily of the rodent family Cricetidae consisting of 385 extant species in 84 genera. These genera range in size from 1 to 42 species. Additionally, ten species, including the genera Megalomys , Megaoryzomys , and Noronhomys , were driven extinct after 1500 due to the European colonization of the Americas and introduction of non-native rats, with some species surviving until the 1900s. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

Subfamily Sigmodontinae

• Genus Abrawayaomys (Ruschi's rat): one species
• Genus Abrothrix (soft-haired mice): eight species
• Genus Aegialomys (Galápagos rice rats): two species
• Genus Aepeomys (montane mice): two species
• Genus Akodon (grass mice): thirty-nine species
• Genus Amphinectomys (Ucayali water rat): one species
• Genus Andalgalomys (chaco mice): two species
• Genus Andinomys (Andean mouse): one species
• Genus Anotomys (aquatic rat): one species
• Genus Auliscomys (big-eared mice): three species
• Genus Bibimys (crimson-nosed rats): three species
• Genus Blarinomys (Brazilian shrew mouse): one species
• Genus Brucepattersonius (brucies): seven species
• Genus Calomys (vesper mice): thirteen species
• Genus Casiomys (Casio rice rats): six species
• Genus Cerradomys (Cerrado rice rats): four species
• Genus Chelemys (long-clawed mice): two species
• Genus Chibchanomys (water mice): two species
• Genus Chilomys (Colombian forest mouse): one species
• Genus Chinchillula (Altiplano chinchilla mouse): one species
• Genus Delomys (Atlantic Forest rats): three species
• Genus Deltamys (Kemp's grass mouse): one species
• Genus Drymoreomys (White-throated montane forest rat): one species
• Genus Eligmodontia (gerbil mice): four species
• Genus Eremoryzomys (gray rice rat): one species
• Genus Euneomys (chinchilla mice): four species
• Genus Euryoryzomys (broad rice rats): six species
• Genus Galenomys (Garlepp's mouse): one species
• Genus Geoxus (long-clawed mole mice): two species
• Genus Graomys (gray leaf-eared mice): four species
• Genus Gyldenstolpia (fossorial giant rat): one species
• Genus Handleyomys (Handley's rice rats): two species
• Genus Holochilus (marsh rats): three species
• Genus Hylaeamys (forest rice rats): eight species
• Genus Ichthyomys (crab-eating rats): four species
• Genus Irenomys (Chilean climbing mouse): one species
• Genus Juliomys (Atlantic Forest tree mice): two species
• Genus Juscelinomys (Brazilian burrowing mice): two species (one extinct)
• Genus Kunsia (woolly giant rat): one species
• Genus Lenoxus (Andean rat): one species
• Genus Loxodontomys (big-eared mice): two species
• Genus Lundomys (Lund's amphibious rat): one species
• Genus Megalomys  † (pilories): two species (two extinct)

• Genus Megaoryzomys  † (Galápagos giant rat): one species (one extinct)
• Genus Melanomys (dark rice rats): three species
• Genus Microakodontomys (transitional colilargo): one species
• Genus Microryzomys (colilargos): two species
• Genus Mindomys (Hammond's rice rat): one species
• Genus Neacomys (bristly mice): eight species
• Genus Necromys (bolo mice): nine species
• Genus Nectomys (water rats): five species
• Genus Neomicroxus (small grass mice): two species
• Genus Neotomys (Andean swamp rat): one species
• Genus Nephelomys (misty rice rats): seven species
• Genus Nesoryzomys (Galápagos mice): five species (two extinct)
• Genus Neusticomys (fish-eating rats): six species
• Genus Noronhomys  † (Vespucci's rodent): one species (one extinct)
• Genus Notiomys (Edwards's long-clawed mouse): one species
• Genus Oecomys (arboreal rice rats): fifteen species
• Genus Oligoryzomys (pygmy rice rats): nineteen species (one extinct)
• Genus Oreoryzomys (Peruvian rice rat): one species
• Genus Oryzomys (rice rats): six species (two extinct)
• Genus Oxymycterus (hocicudos): seventeen species
• Genus Phaenomys (Rio de Janeiro arboreal rat): one species
• Genus Phyllotis (leaf-eared mice): sixteen species
• Genus Podoxymys (Roraima mouse): one species
• Genus Pseudoryzomys (Brazilian false rice rat): one species
• Genus Punomys (puna mice): two species
• Genus Reithrodon (bunny rats): two species
• Genus Rhagomys (arboreal mice): two species
• Genus Rheomys (water mice): four species
• Genus Rhipidomys (climbing mice): twenty-two species
• Genus Salinomys (delicate salt flat mouse): one species
• Genus Scapteromys (swamp rats): two species
• Genus Scolomys (spiny mice): two species
• Genus Sigmodon (cotton rats): fourteen species
• Genus Sigmodontomys (Alfaro's rice water rat): one species
• Genus Sooretamys (rat-headed rice rat): one species
• Genus Tanyuromys (Harris's rice water rat): one species
• Genus Tapecomys (primordial tapecua): one species
• Genus Thalpomys (cerrado mice): two species
• Genus Thaptomys (blackish grass mouse): one species
• Genus Thomasomys (Oldfield mice): forty-two species
• Genus Transandinomys (transandean rice rats): two species
• Genus Wiedomys (red-nosed mice): two species
• Genus Wilfredomys (Greater Wilfred's mouse): one species
• Genus Zygodontomys (cane mice): two species

Sigmodontinae [3] [4] Ichthyomyini    Anotomys Rheomys Ichthyomys Chibchanomys Neusticomys Sigmodontini    Sigmodon Thomasomyini    Aepeomys Chilomys Rhagomys Rhipidomys Thomasomys Neomicroxus Reithrodontini    Reithrodon Abrawayaomys Chinchillula Akodontini    Gyldenstolpia Kunsia Scapteromys Bibimys Lenoxus Blarinomys Brucepattersonius Juscelinomys Oxymycterus Thaptomys Necromys Podoxymys Thalpomys Akodon Deltamys Oryzomyini    Scolomys Zygodontomys Casiomys Handleyomys Nephelomys Hylaeamys Oecomys Euryoryzomys Transandinomys Microakodontomys Oligoryzomys Neacomys Microryzomys Oreoryzomys Drymoreomys Eremoryzomys Sooretamys Cerradomys Holochilus Lundomys Pseudoryzomys Amphinectomys Nectomys Oryzomys Mindomys Aegialomys Nesoryzomys Tanyuromys Melanomys Sigmodontomys Andinomyini    Andinomys Punomys Euneomyini    Irenomys Euneomys Neotomys Delomys Phyllotini    Calomys Eligmodontia Graomys Andalgalomys Salinomys Auliscomys Galenomys Phyllotis Tapecomys Loxodontomys Abrotrichini    Abrothrix Chelemys Notiomys Geoxus Wiedomyini    Juliomys Phaenomys Wiedomys Wilfredomys

Sigmodontines

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists. ^[5]

Genus Abrawayaomys – Cunha & Cruz, 1979 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Ruschi's rat	A. ruschii Cunha & Cruz, 1979	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 8–14 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 8–15 cm (3–6 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest [7] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [7]

Genus Abrothrix – Waterhouse, 1837 – eight species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Andean Altiplano mouse	A. andinus (Philippi, 1858)	Western South America	Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [9] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [10] Diet: Insects, berries, seeds, and fungi [11]	LC  Unknown [10]
Gray grass mouse	A. illuteus Thomas, 1925	Northern Argentina	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 8–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [9] Habitat: Forest [10] Diet: Insects, berries, seeds, and fungi [11]	LC  Unknown [10]
Jelski's Altiplano mouse	A. jelskii (Thomas, 1894)	Western South America	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 7–8 cm (3 in) tail [9] Habitat: Rocky areas, grassland, and shrubland [10] Diet: Insects, berries, seeds, and fungi [11]	LC  Unknown [10]
Long-haired grass mouse	A. longipilis (Waterhouse, 1837)	Southern Chile and southern Argentina	Size: 13–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [9] Habitat: Forest, grassland, shrubland, and inland wetlands [10] Diet: Insects, berries, seeds, and fungi [11]	LC  Unknown [10]
Mann's grass mouse	A. manni D'Elía, Teta, Upham, Pardiñas, & Patterson, 2015	Central Chile and western Argentina	Size: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus about 8 cm (3 in) tail [9] Habitat: Forest [10] Diet: Insects, berries, seeds, and fungi [11]	LC  Unknown [10]
Olive grass mouse	A. olivaceus (Waterhouse, 1837)	Chile and southern Argentina	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 5–6 cm (2 in) tail [9] Habitat: Shrubland, forest, and grassland [10] Diet: Insects, berries, seeds, and fungi [11]	LC  Unknown [10]
Sanborn's grass mouse	A. sanborni (Osgood, 1943)	Southern Chile	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [9] Habitat: Forest [10] Diet: Insects, berries, seeds, and fungi [11]	NT  Unknown [10]
Woolly grass mouse	A. lanosus (Thomas, 1897)	Southern Chile and southern Argentina	Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 6–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [9] Habitat: Forest and shrubland [10] Diet: Insects, berries, seeds, and fungi [11]	LC  Unknown [10]

Genus Aegialomys – Weksler, Percequillo, & Voss, 2006 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Galápagos rice rat	A. galapagoensis (Waterhouse, 1839)	Galápagos Islands in Ecuador	Size: 10–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 12–18 cm (5–7 in) tail [12] Habitat: Shrubland [13] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	VU  Unknown [13]
Yellowish rice rat	A. xanthaeolus (Thomas, 1894)	Ecuador and western Peru	Size: 10–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 11–18 cm (4–7 in) tail [12] Habitat: Shrubland, desert, and forest [13] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [13]

Genus Aepeomys – Thomas, 1898 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Olive montane mouse	A. lugens (Thomas, 1896)	Western Venezuela	Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [15] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest [16] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [16]
Reig's montane mouse	A. reigi Ochoa G., Aguillera, Pacheco, & Soriano, 2001	Western Venezuela	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [16] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	VU  Unknown [16]

Genus Akodon – Meyen, 1833 – 39 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Altiplano grass mouse	A. lutescens Allen, 1901	Bolivia and southern Peru	Size: About 8 cm (3 in) long, plus about 6 cm (2 in) tail [17] Habitat: Grassland, forest, and shrubland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Azara's grass mouse	A. azarae J. B. Fischer, 1829	Southern South America	Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and inland wetlands [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Bolivian grass mouse	A. boliviensis Meyen, 1833	Western South America	Size: About 9 cm (4 in) long, plus about 7 cm (3 in) tail [17] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Budin's grass mouse	A. budini (Thomas, 1913)	Southern Bolivia and nothern Argentina	Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 5–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Caparaó grass mouse	A. mystax Hershkovitz, 1998	Eastern Brazil	Size: 6–11 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 4–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [15] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, inland wetlands, and forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	DD  Unknown [18]
Chaco grass mouse	A. toba Thomas, 1921	Central South America	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Shrubland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Cloud forest grass mouse	A. torques (Thomas, 1917)	Southern Peru	Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus about 9 cm (4 in) tail [17] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Cochabamba grass mouse	A. siberiae Myers & Patton, 1989	Bolivia	Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	NT  Unknown [18]
Colombian grass mouse	A. affinis (Allen, 1912)	Colombia	Size: About 9 cm (4 in) long, plus about 7 cm (3 in) tail [17] Habitat: Forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Cursor grass mouse	A. cursor Winge, 1888	Eastern Brazil	Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 9–10 cm (4 in) tail [17] Habitat: Forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Day's grass mouse	A. dayi Osgood, 1916	Bolivia	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest and grassland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Dolorous grass mouse	A. dolores Thomas, 1916	Argentina	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 7–8 cm (3 in) tail [15] Habitat: Shrubland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
El Dorado grass mouse	A. orophilus Osgood, 1913	Peru	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [17] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Forest grass mouse	A. sylvanus Thomas, 1921	Southern Bolivia and northern Argentina	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest and grassland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Highland grass mouse	A. aerosus Thomas, 1913	Western South America	Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [17] Habitat: Forest and grassland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Intelligent grass mouse	A. iniscatus Thomas, 1919	Southern Argentina and southern Chile	Size: About 9 cm (4 in) long, plus about 6 cm (2 in) tail [15] Habitat: Grassland, forest, and shrubland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Junín grass mouse	A. juninensis Myers, Patton, & Smith, 1990	Peru	Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus about 6 cm (2 in) tail [17] Habitat: Grassland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Koford's grass mouse	A. kofordi Myers & Patton, 1989	Southern Peru	Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus about 8 cm (3 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest, grassland, rocky areas, and shrubland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Lindbergh's grass mouse	A. lindberghi Hershkovitz, 1990	Eastern Brazil	Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 4–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [17] Habitat: Grassland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	DD  Unknown [18]
Molina's grass mouse	A. molinae Contreras, 1968	Argentina	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 7–8 cm (3 in) tail [15] Habitat: Shrubland and rocky areas [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Montane grass mouse	A. montensis Thomas, 1913	Southeastern South America	Size: 10–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 8–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [17] Habitat: Savanna, forest, and inland wetlands [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Monte grass mouse	A. oenos Thomas, 1897	Argentina	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 6–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [15] Habitat: Grassland and forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	NE  Unknown
Paraná grass mouse	A. paranaensis Christoff, Fagundes, Sbalqueiro, Mattevi, & Yonenaga-Yassuda, 2000	Southeastern South America	Size: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 6–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Philip Myers's akodont	A. philipmyersi Pardiñas, D'Elía, Cirignoli, & Suárez, 2005	Northeastern Argentina	Size: About 9 cm (4 in) long, plus about 6 cm (2 in) tail [15] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	DD  Unknown [18]
Polop's grass mouse	A. polopi Jayat, Ortiz, Salazar-Bravo, Pardiñas, & D'Elía, 2010	Agentina	Size: 7–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 5–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Grassland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Puno grass mouse	A. subfuscus Osgood, 1944	Bolivia and southern Peru	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 6–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [17] Habitat: Grassland and forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Reig's grass mouse	A. reigi González, Langguth, & Oliveira, 1998	Uruguay and southern Brazil	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
São Paulo grass mouse	A. sanctipaulensis Hershkovitz, 1990	Southern Brazil	Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [15] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	DD  Unknown [18]
Serra do Mar grass mouse	A. serrensis Thomas, 1902	Southern Brazil	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [17] Habitat: Forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Silent grass mouse	A. surdus Thomas, 1917	Southern Peru	Size: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus about 8 cm (3 in) tail [17] Habitat: Forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	VU  Unknown [18]
Smoky grass mouse	A. fumeus Thomas, 1902	Bolivia and southern Peru	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Grassland, forest, and shrubland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Soft grass mouse	A. mollis Thomas, 1894	Ecuador and Peru	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [17] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Spegazzini's grass mouse	A. spegazzinii Thomas, 1897	Western Argentina	Size: 6–11 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 4–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Grassland and forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Tarija akodont	A. pervalens Thomas, 1925	Southern Bolivia and northern Argentina	Size: About 12 cm (5 in) long, plus about 9 cm (4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest and shrubland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	DD  Unknown [18]
Thespian grass mouse	A. mimus (Thomas, 1901)	Boliva and southern Peru	Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus about 10 cm (4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
Unicolored grass mouse	A. caenosus Thomas, 1918	Southern Bolivia and northern Argentina	Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 4–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [15] Habitat: Grassland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	DD  Unknown [18]
Variable grass mouse	A. varius Thomas, 1902	Bolivia	Size: 10–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest and shrubland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	DD  Unknown [18]
White-bellied grass mouse	A. albiventer Thomas, 1897	Western South America	Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 6–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [17] Habitat: Grassland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]
White-throated grass mouse	A. simulator Thomas, 1916	Southern Bolivia and northern Argentina	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 6–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest, grassland, and shrubland [18] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [18]

Genus Amphinectomys – Malygin, 1994 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Ucayali water rat	A. savamis Malygin, 1994	Northern Peru	Size: 18–19 cm (7 in) long, plus 17–21 cm (7–8 in) tail [20] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [21] Diet: Unknown [22]	DD  Unknown [21]

Genus Andalgalomys – Williams & Mares, 1978 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Olrog's chaco mouse	A. olrogi Williams & Mares, 1978	Northern Argentina	Size: 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 8–14 cm (3–6 in) tail [23] Habitat: Shrubland [24] Diet: Grass, grain, and mesquite fruit [25]	LC  Unknown [24]
Pearson's chaco mouse	A. pearsoni (Myers, 1977)	Southern Bolivia and Paraguay	Size: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 9–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [23] Habitat: Grassland [24] Diet: Grass, grain, and mesquite fruit [25]	LC  Unknown [24]

Genus Andinomys – Thomas, 1902 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Andean mouse	A. edax Thomas, 1902	Western South America	Size: 13–19 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [26] Habitat: Grassland and shrubland [27] Diet: Vegetation [28]	LC  Unknown [27]

Genus Anotomys – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Aquatic rat	A. leander Thomas, 1906	Ecuador and Colombia	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 12–16 cm (5–6 in) tail [29] Habitat: Inland wetlands, grassland, and forest [30] Diet: Fish [31]	EN  Unknown [30]

Genus Auliscomys – Thomas, 1906 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Andean big-eared mouse	A. sublimis (Thomas, 1900)	Western South America	Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [23] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [32] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [32]
Bolivian big-eared mouse	A. boliviensis (Waterhouse, 1846)	Western South America	Size: About 13 cm (5 in) long, plus 6–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [23] Habitat: Grassland, rocky areas, inland wetlands, and shrubland [32] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [32]
Painted big-eared mouse	A. pictus (Thomas, 1884)	Western South America	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [23] Habitat: Rocky areas, shrubland, and grassland [32] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [32]

Genus Bibimys – Massoia, 1979 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Chaco crimson-nosed rat	B. chacoensis (Shamel, 1931)	Paraguay and northern Argentina	Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 7–8 cm (3 in) tail [12] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [34] Diet: Grass and seeds [35]	LC  Unknown [34]
Large-lipped crimson-nosed rat	B. labiosus (Winge, 1887)	Northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 6–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [12] Habitat: Forest [34] Diet: Grass and seeds [35]	LC  Unknown [34]
Torres's crimson-nosed rat	B. torresi Massoia, 1979	Eastern Argentina	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 7–8 cm (3 in) tail [12] Habitat: Inland wetlands and grassland [34] Diet: Grass and seeds [35]	VU  Unknown [34]

Genus Blarinomys – Thomas, 1896 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Brazilian shrew mouse	B. breviceps (Winge, 1888)	Northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [37] Diet: Insects and worms [38]	LC  Unknown [37]

Genus Brucepattersonius – Hershkovitz, 1998 – seven species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Arroyo of Paradise brucie	B. paradisus Mares & Braun, 2000	Northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest and rocky areas [39] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [39]
Gray-bellied akodont	B. griserufescens Hershkovitz, 1998	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [39] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [39]
Guaraní akodont	B. guarani Mares & Braun, 2000	Northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [39] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [39]
Ihering's akodont	B. iheringi (Thomas, 1896)	Northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [39] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [39]
Misiones akodont	B. misionensis Mares & Braun, 2000	Northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [39] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [39]
Red-bellied akodont	B. igniventris Hershkovitz, 1998	Southern Brazil	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [39] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [39]
Soricine brucie	B. soricinus Hershkovitz, 1998	Southern Brazil	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [39] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [39]

Genus Calomys – Waterhouse, 1837 – thirteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Andean vesper mouse	C. lepidus (Thomas, 1884)	Western South America	Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [9] Habitat: Rocky areas and grassland [40] Diet: Vegetation and insects [41]	LC  Unknown [40]
Bolivian vesper mouse	C. boliviae (Thomas, 1901)	Bolivia and nothern Argentina	Size: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus tail [42] Habitat: Forest [40] Diet: Vegetation and insects [41]	LC  Unknown [40]
Caatinga vesper mouse	C. expulsus (Lund, 1841)	Eastern Brazil	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [42] Habitat: Savanna and shrubland [40] Diet: Vegetation and insects [41]	LC  Unknown [40]
Crafty vesper mouse	C. callidus (Thomas, 1916)	Northern Argentina	Size: 7–14 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 5–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [42] Habitat: Shrubland [40] Diet: Vegetation and insects [41]	LC  Unknown [40]
Córdoba vesper mouse	C. venustus (Thomas, 1894)	Argentina	Size: 6–17 cm (2–7 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail [42] Habitat: Grassland and shrubland [40] Diet: Vegetation and insects [41]	LC  Unknown [40]
Delicate vesper mouse	C. tener Winge, 1888	Eastern South America	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 4–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [9] Habitat: Grassland and shrubland [40] Diet: Vegetation and insects [41]	LC  Unknown [40]
Drylands vesper mouse	C. musculinus (Thomas, 1913)	Central and southern South America	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [9] Habitat: Shrubland [40] Diet: Vegetation and insects [41]	LC  Unknown [40]
Fecund vesper mouse	C. fecundus (Thomas, 1926)	Bolivia	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [42] Habitat: Forest [40] Diet: Vegetation and insects [41]	LC  Unknown [40]
Hummelinck's vesper mouse	C. hummelincki (Husson, 1960)	Northern South America	Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail [9] Habitat: Savanna and grassland [40] Diet: Vegetation and insects [41]	LC  Unknown [40]
Large vesper mouse	C. callosus Rengger, 1830	Central and eastern South America	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [42] Habitat: Grassland and shrubland [40] Diet: Vegetation and insects [41]	LC  Unknown [40]
Peruvian vesper mouse	C. sorellus (Thomas, 1900)	Peru	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [9] Habitat: Grassland, forest, and shrubland [40] Diet: Vegetation and insects [41]	LC  Unknown [40]
Small vesper mouse	C. laucha Fischer von Waldheim, 1814	Central and southern South America	Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail [9] Habitat: Forest, grassland, and shrubland [40] Diet: Vegetation and insects [41]	LC  Unknown [40]
Tocantins vesper mouse	C. tocantinsi Bonvicino, Lima, & Almeida, 2003	Central Brazil	Size: 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 6–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [42] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest [40] Diet: Vegetation and insects [41]	LC  Unknown [40]

Genus Casiomys – Voss, 2024 – six species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Alfaro's rice rat	C. alfaroi (Allen, 1891)	Mexico, Central America, and northeastern South America	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [44] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [44]
Black-eared rice rat	C. melanotis (Thomas, 1893)	Southern Mexico	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 9–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [44] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [44]
Chapman's rice rat	C. chapmani (Thomas, 1898)	Southern Mexico	Size: 8–16 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [44] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	VU  Unknown [44]
Cloud Forest rice rat	C. saturatior (Merriam, 1901)	Southern Mexico and Central America	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [44] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [44]
Long-nosed rice rat	C. rostratus (Merriam, 1901)	Mexico and Central America	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [44] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [44]
Striped rice rat	C. rhabdops (Merriam, 1901)	Guatemala	Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [44] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	EN  Unknown [44]

Genus Cerradomys – Weksler, Percequillo, & Voss, 2006 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Lindbergh's rice rat	C. scotti (Langguth & Bonvicino, 2002)	Central South America	Size: 12–19 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [20] Habitat: Shrubland, savanna, and grassland [46] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [46]
Maracaju rice rat	C. maracajuensis (Langguth & Bonvicino, 2002)	Central South America	Size: 14–19 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 17–23 cm (7–9 in) tail [20] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands [46] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [46]
Marinho's rice rat	C. marinhus (Bonvicino, 2003)	Eastern Brazil	Size: 15–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 19–21 cm (7–8 in) tail [20] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and savanna [46] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [46]
Terraced rice rat	C. subflavus (Wagner, 1842)	Eastern Brazil	Size: 12–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 15–21 cm (6–8 in) tail [20] Habitat: Forest [46] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [46]

Genus Chelemys – Thomas, 1903 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Andean long-clawed mouse	C. macronyx (Thomas, 1894)	Southern Chile and southwestern Argentina	Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [9] Habitat: Grassland, forest, and shrubland [47] Diet: Arthropods, vegetation, and fungi [48]	LC  Unknown [47]
Large long-clawed mouse	C. megalonyx (Waterhouse, 1845)	Central Chile	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 5–6 cm (2 in) tail [9] Habitat: Shrubland and forest [47] Diet: Arthropods, vegetation, and fungi [48]	NT  Unknown [47]

Genus Chibchanomys – Voss, 1988 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Chibchan water mouse	C. trichotis (Thomas, 1897)	Colombia and western Venezuela	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [29] Habitat: Grassland, inland wetlands, and forest [49] Diet: Aquatic invertebrates and small animals [31]	DD  Unknown [49]
Las Cajas water mouse	C. orcesi (Jenkins & Barnett, 1997)	Ecuador and Peru	Size: 10–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [29] Habitat: Inland wetlands and grassland [49] Diet: Aquatic invertebrates and small animals [31]	DD  Unknown [49]

Genus Chilomys – Thomas, 1897 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Colombian forest mouse	C. instans Thomas, 1895	Northwestern South America	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest [50] Diet: Omnivorous [50]	LC  Unknown [50]

Genus Chinchillula – Thomas, 1898 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Altiplano chinchilla mouse	C. sahamae Thomas, 1898	Western South America	Size: 15–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 9–11 cm (4 in) tail [6] Habitat: Shrubland and rocky areas [51] Diet: Vegetation [28]	LC  Unknown [51]

Genus Delomys – Thomas, 1917 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Montane Atlantic Forest rat	D. collinus Thomas, 1917	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest and grassland [52] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [52]
Pallid Atlantic Forest rat	D. sublineatus Thomas, 1903	Southern Brazil	Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest [52] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [52]
Striped Atlantic Forest rat	D. dorsalis (Hensel, 1872)	Southeastern South America	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest [52] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [52]

Genus Deltamys – Thomas, 1917 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Kemp's grass mouse	D. kempi Thomas, 1917	Southeastern South America	Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus about 8 cm (3 in) tail [17] Habitat: Inland wetlands and grassland [53] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [53]

Genus Drymoreomys – Percequillo, Weksler, & Costa, 2011 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
White-throated montane forest rat	D. albimaculatus Percequillo, Weksler, & Costa, 2011	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–18 cm (6–7 in) tail [54] Habitat: Forest [55] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	NT  Unknown [55]

Genus Eligmodontia – F. Cuvier, 1837 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Andean gerbil mouse	E. puerulus (Philippi, 1896)	Western South America	Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [42] Habitat: Grassland and shrubland [56] Diet: Grain, vegetation, and insects [25]	LC  Unknown [56]
Lowland gerbil mouse	E. typus F. Cuvier, 1837	Argentina and southern Chile	Size: About 9 cm (4 in) long, plus about 10 cm (4 in) tail [42] Habitat: Desert, grassland, and shrubland [56] Diet: Grain, vegetation, and insects [25]	LC  Unknown [56]
Monte gerbil mouse	E. moreni (Thomas, 1896)	Northern Argentina	Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [42] Habitat: Desert and shrubland [56] Diet: Grain, vegetation, and insects [25]	LC  Unknown [56]
Morgan's gerbil mouse	E. morgani Allen, 1901	Argentina and southern Chile	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [42] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [56] Diet: Grain, vegetation, and insects [25]	LC  Unknown [56]

Genus Eremoryzomys – Weksler, Percequillo, & Voss, 2006 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Gray rice rat	E. polius Osgood, 1913	Northern Peru and southern Ecuador	Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 16–21 cm (6–8 in) tail [54] Habitat: Forest [57] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [57]

Genus Euneomys – Coues, 1874 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Biting chinchilla mouse	E. mordax Thomas, 1912	Central Chile and western Argentina	Size: 14–15 cm (6 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [26] Habitat: Grassland [58] Diet: Vegetation [59]	LC  Unknown [58]
Burrowing chinchilla mouse	E. fossor Thomas, 1899	Northern Argentina	Size: 14–15 cm (6 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [26] Habitat: Shrubland [58] Diet: Vegetation [59]	DD  Unknown [58]
Patagonian chinchilla mouse	E. chinchilloides (Waterhouse, 1839)	Southern Chile	Size: 7–16 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 4–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest and shrubland [58] Diet: Vegetation [59]	DD  Unknown [58]
Peterson's chinchilla mouse	E. petersoni Allen, 1903	Southern Argentina and southern Chile	Size: 7–16 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 4–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [26] Habitat: Rocky areas, grassland, and shrubland [58] Diet: Vegetation [59]	LC  Unknown [58]

Genus Euryoryzomys – Weksler, Percequillo, & Voss, 2006 – six species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Big-headed rice rat	E. legatus (Thomas, 1925)	Southern Boliva and northern Argentina (in yellow)	Size: 12–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [60] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [60]
Elegant rice rat	E. nitidus (Thomas, 1884)	Western South America	Size: 10–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 11–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [60] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [60]
Emmons' rice rat	E. emmonsae (Musser, Brothers, Gardner, & Carleton, 1998)	Central Brazil	Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–16 cm (6 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [60] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	DD  Unknown [60]
MacConnell's rice rat	E. macconnelli (Thomas, 1910)	Northern South America	Size: 13–17 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 12–18 cm (5–7 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [60] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [60]
Monster rice rat	E. lamia (Thomas, 1901)	Central Brazil (in purple)	Size: 14–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest and savanna [60] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	VU  Unknown [60]
Russet rice rat	E. russatus (Wagner, 1848)	Southeastern South America (in blue)	Size: 9–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 9–19 cm (4–7 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [60] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [60]

Genus Galenomys – Thomas, 1916 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Garlepp's mouse	G. garleppi (Thomas, 1898)	Western South America	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [23] Habitat: Grassland [61] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	DD  Unknown [61]

Genus Geoxus – Thomas, 1919 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Long-clawed mole mouse	G. valdivianus (Philippi, 1858)	Southern Chile and southern Argentina	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [9] Habitat: Forest and shrubland [62] Diet: Worms, insects, and other arthropods [48]	LC  Unknown [62]
Pearson's long-clawed akodont	G. annectens (Patterson, 2003)	Central Chile	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [9] Habitat: Forest [62] Diet: Worms, insects, and other arthropods [48]	VU  Unknown [62]

Genus Graomys – Thomas, 1916 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Central leaf-eared mouse	G. chacoensis Thomas, 1902	South-central South America	Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus about 16 cm (6 in) tail [42] Habitat: Forest and grassland [63] Diet: Grass, grain, and mesquite fruit [25]	DD  Unknown [63]
Edith's leaf-eared mouse	G. edithae Thomas, 1919	Northern Argentina	Size: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus about 13 cm (5 in) tail [42] Habitat: Grassland [63] Diet: Grass, grain, and mesquite fruit [25]	DD  Unknown [63]
Gray leaf-eared mouse	G. griseoflavus Waterhouse, 1837	Central and southern South America	Size: 11–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 13–18 cm (5–7 in) tail [42] Habitat: Shrubland [63] Diet: Grass, grain, and mesquite fruit [25]	LC  Unknown [63]
Pale leaf-eared mouse	G. domorum (Thomas, 1902)	Southern Bolivia and northern Argentina	Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail [42] Habitat: Forest and grassland [63] Diet: Grass, grain, and mesquite fruit [25]	LC  Unknown [63]

Genus Gyldenstolpia – Pardiñas & D'Elía & Teta, 2009 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Fossorial giant rat	G. fronto (Winge, 1888)	Southern Paraguay and northern Argentina	Size: About 22 cm (9 in) long, plus about 11 cm (4 in) tail [12] Habitat: Inland wetlands and savanna [64] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	CR  Unknown [64]

Genus Handleyomys – Voss, Gómez-Laverde, and Pacheco, 2002 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Colombian rice rat	H. intectus (Thomas, 1921)	Northwestern Colombia	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [65] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [65]
Dusky-footed Handley's mouse	H. fuscatus (Allen, 1912)	Northwestern Colombia	Size: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [65] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [65]

Genus Holochilus – Brandt, 1835 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Amazonian marsh rat	H. sciureus Wagner, 1842	Northern South America	Size: 13–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 12–17 cm (5–7 in) tail [20] Habitat: Grassland and inland wetlands [66] Diet: Marsh plants and molluscs [67]	LC  Unknown [66]
Brazilian marsh rat	H. brasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819)	Southeastern South America	Size: 14–24 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 16–24 cm (6–9 in) tail [20] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [66] Diet: Marsh plants and molluscs [67]	LC  Unknown [66]
Chacoan marsh rat	H. chacarius Thomas, 1906	Central South America	Size: 14–20 cm (6–8 in) long, plus 14–19 cm (6–7 in) tail [20] Habitat: Inland wetlands and shrubland [66] Diet: Marsh plants and molluscs [67]	LC  Unknown [66]

Genus Hylaeamys – Weksler, Percequillo, & Voss, 2006 – eight species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Atlantic Forest rice rat	H. seuanezi (Lund, 1840)	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 12–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	NE  Unknown
Atlantic forest oryzomys	H. laticeps (Lund, 1840)	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 12–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [68] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	VU  Unknown [68]
Azara's broad-headed oryzomys	H. megacephalus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1814)	Central and northern South America	Size: 8–16 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 9–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [68] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [68]
Bolivian rice rat	H. acritus (Emmons & Patton, 2005)	Northern Bolivia and western Brazil	Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 11–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest and savanna [68] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [68]
Sowbug rice rat	H. oniscus (Thomas, 1904)	Eastern Brazil	Size: 14–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [68] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	NT  Unknown [68]
Tate's rice rat	H. tatei (Musser, Brothers, Gardner, & Carleton, 1998)	Ecuador	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 12–19 cm (5–7 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [68] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [68]
Western Amazonian rice rat	H. perenensis (Allen, 1901)	Western South America	Size: 8–17 cm (3–7 in) long, plus 9–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest, grassland, and inland wetlands [68] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [68]
Yungas rice rat	H. yunganus (Thomas, 1902)	Central and northern South America	Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [68] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [68]

Genus Ichthyomys – Thomas, 1893 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Crab-eating rat	I. hydrobates (Winge, 1891)	Northwestern South America	Size: 13–19 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [29] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [69] Diet: Fish, crabs, and aquatic insects [70]	LC  Unknown [69]
Pittier's crab-eating rat	I. pittieri Handley & Mondolfi, 1963	Northern Venezuela	Size: 9–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 8–15 cm (3–6 in) tail [29] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [69] Diet: Fish, crabs, and aquatic insects [70]	NT  Unknown [69]
Stolzmann's crab-eating rat	I. stolzmanni Thomas, 1893	Ecuador and Peru	Size: About 16 cm (6 in) long, plus 17–19 cm (7 in) tail [29] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands [69] Diet: Fish, crabs, and aquatic insects [70]	DD  Unknown [69]
Tweedy's crab-eating rat	I. tweedii Anthony, 1921	Ecuador	Size: 14–20 cm (6–8 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail [29] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [69] Diet: Fish, crabs, and aquatic insects [70]	DD  Unknown [69]

Genus Irenomys – Thomas, 1919 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Chilean climbing mouse	I. tarsalis (Philippi, 1900)	Southern Chile and southwestern Argentina	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 16–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [26] Habitat: Shrubland and forest [71] Diet: Fruit, seeds, and vegetation [72]	LC  Unknown [71]

Genus Juliomys – González, 2000 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Lesser Wilfred's mouse	J. pictipes Osgood, 1933	Southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest [73] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [73]
Montane red-rumped tree mouse	J. rimofrons Oliveira & Bonvicino, 2002	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest [73] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	NT  Unknown [73]

Genus Juscelinomys – Oliveira, 1965 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Candango mouse  †	J. candango Oliveira, 1965	Central Brazil	Size: Unknown [1] Habitat: Unknown [74] Diet: Vegetation and insects [75]	EX  0 [74]
Huanchaca mouse	J. huanchacae Emmons, 1999	Northeastern Bolivia and western Brazil	Size: 13–20 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Grassland and savanna [74] Diet: Vegetation and insects [75]	DD  Unknown [74]

Genus Kunsia – Hershkovitz, 1966 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Woolly giant rat	K. tomentosus Lichtenstein, 1830	Northern Bolivia and western Brazil	Size: 18–29 cm (7–11 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [36] Habitat: Grassland [76] Diet: Roots and grass [76]	LC  Unknown [76]

Genus Lenoxus – Thomas, 1909 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Andean rat	L. apicalis (Allen, 1900)	Southern Peru and western Bolivia	Size: 11–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 13–19 cm (5–7 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [77] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [77]

Genus Loxodontomys – Osgood, 1947 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Pikumche pericote	L. pikumche Spotorno, Cofré, Manríquez, Vilina, Walker, & Marquet, 1998	Central Chile	Size: 9–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [23] Habitat: Shrubland [78] Diet: Vegetation, fungi, and flowers [79]	LC  Unknown [78]
Southern big-eared mouse	L. micropus (Waterhouse, 1837)	Southern Chile and southwestern Argentina	Size: 9–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [23] Habitat: Shrubland [78] Diet: Vegetation, fungi, and flowers [79]	LC  Unknown [78]

Genus Lundomys – Voss & Carleton, 1993 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Lund's amphibious rat	L. molitor Winge, 1887	Uruguay and southern Brazil	Size: 17–24 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 19–29 cm (7–11 in) tail [54] Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, and grassland [80] Diet: Vegetation [81]	LC  Unknown [80]

Genus Megalomys  † – Trouessart, 1881 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Desmarest's pilorie  †	M. desmarestii (Fischer von Waldheim, 1829)	Martinique	Size: Unknown [1] Habitat: Unknown [82] Diet: Unknown [83]	EX  0 [82]
Saint Lucia pilorie  †	M. luciae (Forsyth Major, 1901)	St. Lucia	Size: Unknown [1] Habitat: Unknown [82] Diet: Unknown [83]	EX  0 [82]

Genus Megaoryzomys  † – Lenglet & Coppois, 1979 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Galápagos giant rat  †	M. curioi Niethammer, 1964	Santa Cruz island of the Galápagos Islands	Size: Unknown [1] Habitat: Shrubland [84] Diet: Unknown [85]	EX  0 [84]

Genus Melanomys – Thomas, 1902 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Dusky rice rat	M. caliginosus (Tomes, 1860)	Central America and northwestern South America	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 7–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [12] Habitat: Forest [86] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [87]	LC  Unknown [86]
Robust dark rice rat	M. robustulus (Thomas, 1914)	Ecuador	Size: About 12 cm (5 in) long, plus about 9 cm (4 in) tail [12] Habitat: Forest [86] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [87]	LC  Unknown [86]
Zuniga's dark rice rat	M. zunigae (Sanborn, 1949)	Southwestern Peru	Size: Unknown length, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [12] Habitat: Shrubland and desert [86] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [87]	CR  Unknown [86]

Genus Microakodontomys – Hershkovitz, 1993 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Transitional colilargo	M. transitorius Hershkovitz, 1993	Central Brazil	Size: About 7 cm (3 in) long, plus about 9 cm (4 in) tail [12] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [88] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	EN  Unknown [88]

Genus Microryzomys – Thomas, 1917 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Montane colilargo	M. minutus (Tomes, 1860)	Northwestern South America	Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 11–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [54] Habitat: Rocky areas, grassland, and forest [89] Diet: Seeds and vegetation [89]	LC  Unknown [89]
Páramo colilargo	M. altissimus (Osgood, 1933)	Ecuador and Peru	Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [54] Habitat: Grassland [89] Diet: Seeds and vegetation [89]	LC  Unknown [89]

Genus Mindomys – Weksler, Percequillo, & Voss, 2006 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Hammond's rice rat	M. hammondi Thomas, 1913	Ecuador	Size: 17–29 cm (7–11 in) long, plus 22–25 cm (9–10 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [90] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	EN  Unknown [90]

Genus Neacomys – Thomas, 1900 – eight species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Common bristly mouse	N. spinosus Thomas, 1882	Western and central South America	Size: 7–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 8–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [91] Habitat: Forest [92] Diet: Seeds, insects, and fruit [92]	LC  Unknown [92]
Dubost's bristly mouse	N. dubosti Voss, Lunde, & Simmons, 2001	Northeastern South America	Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [54] Habitat: Forest [92] Diet: Seeds, insects, and fruit [92]	LC  Unknown [92]
Guiana bristly mouse	N. guianae Thomas, 1905	Northern South America	Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [54] Habitat: Forest [92] Diet: Seeds, insects, and fruit [92]	LC  Unknown [92]
Musser's bristly mouse	N. musseri Patton, Silva, & Malcolm, 2000	Eastern Peru and western Brazil	Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [54] Habitat: Forest [92] Diet: Seeds, insects, and fruit [92]	LC  Unknown [92]
Narrow-footed bristly mouse	N. tenuipes Thomas, 1900	Northwestern South America	Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [54] Habitat: Forest [92] Diet: Seeds, insects, and fruit [92]	LC  Unknown [92]
Painted bristly mouse	N. pictus Goldman, 1912	Eastern Panama	Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [54] Habitat: Forest [92] Diet: Seeds, insects, and fruit [92]	DD  Unknown [92]
Paracou bristly mouse	N. paracou Voss, Lunde, & Simmons, 2001	Northern South America	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [91] Habitat: Forest [92] Diet: Seeds, insects, and fruit [92]	LC  Unknown [92]
Small bristly mouse	N. minutus Patton, Silva, & Malcolm, 2000	Western Brazil	Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [54] Habitat: Forest [92] Diet: Seeds, insects, and fruit [92]	LC  Unknown [92]

Genus Necromys – Ameghino, 1889 – nine species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Argentine bolo mouse	N. benefactus (Thomas, 1919)	Northeastern Argentina	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [17] Habitat: Grassland and shrubland [93] Diet: Arthropods [94]	LC  Unknown [93]
Dark bolo mouse	N. obscurus (Waterhouse, 1837)	Uruguay and eastern Argentina	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [17] Habitat: Inland wetlands and grassland [93] Diet: Arthropods [94]	LC  Unknown [93]
Hairy-tailed bolo mouse	N. lasiurus (Lund, 1841)	Central and eastern South America	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [17] Habitat: Savanna, forest, and grassland [93] Diet: Arthropods [94]	LC  Unknown [93]
Northern grass mouse	N. urichi (Allen & Chapman, 1897)	Northern South America	Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 6–11 cm (2–4 in) tail [17] Habitat: Forest [93] Diet: Arthropods [94]	LC  Unknown [93]
Paraguayan bolo mouse	N. lenguarum (Thomas, 1898)	West-central South America	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [17] Habitat: Shrubland, savanna, and grassland [93] Diet: Arthropods [94]	LC  Unknown [93]
Pleasant bolo mouse	N. amoenus (Thomas, 1900)	Western South America	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 6–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [17] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [93] Diet: Arthropods [94]	LC  Unknown [93]
Rufous-bellied bolo mouse	N. lactens (Thomas, 1918)	Bolivia and northern Argentina	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [17] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [93] Diet: Arthropods [94]	LC  Unknown [93]
Spotted bolo mouse	N. punctulatus (Thomas, 1894)	Colombia and Ecuador	Size: About 13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 7 cm (3 in) tail [17] Habitat: Unknown [93] Diet: Arthropods [94]	DD  Unknown [93]
Temchuk's bolo mouse	N. temchuki (Massoia, 1980)	Northeastern Argentina	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [17] Habitat: Grassland and forest [93] Diet: Arthropods [94]	LC  Unknown [93]

Genus Nectomys – Peters, 1861 – five species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Common water rat	N. rattus (Pelzeln, 1883)	Central and northern South America	Size: 12–29 cm (5–11 in) long, plus 12–25 cm (5–10 in) tail [20] Habitat: Grassland, forest, savanna, shrubland, and inland wetlands [95] Diet: Vegetation, insects, tadpoles, and small fish [22]	LC  Unknown [95]
Magdalena water rat	N. magdalenae Thomas, 1897	Colombia	Size: 18–29 cm (7–11 in) long, plus 19–27 cm (7–11 in) tail [20] Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, and grassland [95] Diet: Vegetation, insects, tadpoles, and small fish [22]	DD  Unknown [95]
South American water rat	N. squamipes (Brants, 1827)	Eastern South America	Size: 11–26 cm (4–10 in) long, plus 12–29 cm (5–11 in) tail [20] Habitat: Inland wetlands [95] Diet: Vegetation, insects, tadpoles, and small fish [22]	LC  Unknown [95]
Trinidad water rat	N. palmipes Allen & Chapman, 1893	Eastern Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago	Size: 15–25 cm (6–10 in) long, plus 14–23 cm (6–9 in) tail [20] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [95] Diet: Vegetation, insects, tadpoles, and small fish [22]	LC  Unknown [95]
Western Amazonian water rat	N. apicalis Peters, 1861	Western South America	Size: 14–27 cm (6–11 in) long, plus 16–27 cm (6–11 in) tail [20] Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, and grassland [95] Diet: Vegetation, insects, tadpoles, and small fish [22]	LC  Unknown [95]

Genus Neomicroxus – Alvarado-Serrano and D'Elía, 2013 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bogotá grass mouse	N. bogotensis Thomas, 1895	Colombia and Western Venezuela	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 6–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest and grassland [96] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [96]
Ecuadorian grass mouse	N. latebricola Thomas, 1895	Ecuador	Size: 7–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 6–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [6] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest [96] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	EN  Unknown [96]

Genus Neotomys – Thomas, 1894 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Andean swamp rat	N. ebriosus Thomas, 1894	Western South America	Size: 9–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [26] Habitat: Inland wetlands, shrubland, and grassland [97] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [97]

Genus Nephelomys – Weksler, Percequillo, & Voss, 2006 – seven species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Boquete rice rat	N. devius (Bangs, 1902)	Costa Rica and Panama	Size: 15–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 18–20 cm (7–8 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest [98] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [98]
Caracol rice rat	N. caracolus (Thomas, 1914)	Northern Venezuela	Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus about 16 cm (6 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest [98] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [98]
Ecuadorian rice rat	N. auriventer (Thomas, 1899)	Ecuador	Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 16–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest and grassland [98] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [98]
Keays's rice rat	N. keaysi (Allen, 1900)	Southern Peru and Bolivia	Size: 12–17 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 14–21 cm (6–8 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [98] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [98]
Light-footed rice rat	N. levipes (Thomas, 1902)	Southern Peru and Bolivia	Size: 11–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 14–19 cm (6–7 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [98] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [98]
Mérida rice rat	N. meridensis (Thomas, 1894)	Western Venezuela	Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 17–18 cm (7 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest [98] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [98]
Tomes's rice rat	N. albigularis (Tomes, 1860)	Panama and Northwestern South America	Size: 10–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 13–19 cm (5–7 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [98] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [98]

Genus Nesoryzomys – Heller, 1904 – five species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Darwin's Galápagos mouse  †	N. darwini Osgood, 1929	Santa Cruz island of the Galápagos Islands	Size: Unknown [1] Habitat: Forest and shrubland [99] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	EX  0 [99]
Fernandina Galápagos mouse	N. fernandinae Hutterer & Hirsch, 1979	Fernandina island of the Galápagos Islands	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [12] Habitat: Shrubland and forest [99] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	VU  Unknown [99]
Indefatigable Galápagos mouse  †	N. indefessus (Thomas, 1899)	Galápagos Islands	Size: Unknown [1] Habitat: Shrubland [99] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	EX  0 [99]
Large Fernandina Galápagos mouse	N. narboroughi Heller, 1904	Fernandina island of the Galápagos Islands	Size: 11–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [12] Habitat: Forest and shrubland [99] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	VU  Unknown [99]
Santiago Galápagos mouse	N. swarthi Orr, 1938	Santiago island of the Galápagos Islands	Size: 11–19 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–17 cm (4–7 in) tail [12] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [99] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	VU  Unknown [99]

Genus Neusticomys – Anthony, 1921 – six species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Ferreira's fish-eating rat	N. ferreirai (Percequillo, Carmignotto, & Silva, 2005)	Central Brazil	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [29] Habitat: Forest [101] Diet: Aquatic invertebrates [102]	DD  Unknown [101]
Montane fish-eating rat	N. monticolus Anthony, 1921	Colombia and Ecuador	Size: 9–21 cm (4–8 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [29] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [101] Diet: Aquatic invertebrates [102]	LC  Unknown [101]
Oyapock's fish-eating rat	N. oyapocki Dubost & Petter, 1978	Northwestern South America	Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [29] Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, and savanna [101] Diet: Aquatic invertebrates [102]	DD  Unknown [101]
Peruvian fish-eating rat	N. mussoi Ochoa G. & Soriano, 1991	Western Venezuela	Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [29] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands [101] Diet: Aquatic invertebrates [102]	VU  Unknown [101]
Peruvian fish-eating rat	N. peruviensis Musser & Gardner, 1974	Southern Peru	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 9–11 cm (4 in) tail [29] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands [101] Diet: Aquatic invertebrates [102]	LC  Unknown [101]
Venezuelan fish-eating rat	N. venezuelae Anthony, 1929	Northern South America	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 10–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [29] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [101] Diet: Aquatic invertebrates [102]	VU  Unknown [101]

Genus Noronhomys  † – Olson & Carleton, 1999 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Vespucci's rodent  †	N. vespuccii Olson & Carleton, 1999	Fernando de Noronha islands northeast of Brazil	Size: Unknown [1] Habitat: Shrubland [103] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	EX  0 [103]

Genus Notiomys – Thomas, 1890 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Edwards's long-clawed mouse	N. edwardsii (Thomas, 1890)	Southern Argentina	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [9] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas [104] Diet: Insects and seeds [105]	LC  Unknown [104]

Genus Oecomys – Thomas, 1906 – fifteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Atlantic Forest arboreal rice rat	O. catherinae Thomas, 1909	Eastern South America	Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail [43] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, savanna, and inland wetlands [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	LC  Unknown [106]
Bicolored arboreal rice rat	O. bicolor (Tomes, 1860)	Central and northern South America and Panama	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	LC  Unknown [106]
Brazilian arboreal rice rat	O. paricola Thomas, 1904	Central South America	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	DD  Unknown [106]
Cleber's arboreal rice rat	O. cleberi Locks, 1981	Southern Brazil	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 8–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [43] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	DD  Unknown [106]
Dusky arboreal rice rat	O. phaeotis (Thomas, 1901)	Southern Peru	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	LC  Unknown [106]
Foothill arboreal rice rat	O. superans Thomas, 1911	Western South America	Size: 13–17 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 15–19 cm (6–7 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	LC  Unknown [106]
King arboreal rice rat	O. rex Thomas, 1910	Northern South America	Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	LC  Unknown [106]
Mamore arboreal rice rat	O. mamorae Thomas, 1906	Central South America	Size: 12–17 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 14–18 cm (6–7 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	LC  Unknown [106]
North Amazonian arboreal rice rat	O. auyantepui Tate, 1939	Northern South America	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	LC  Unknown [106]
Red arboreal rice rat	O. rutilus Anthony, 1921	Northern South America	Size: 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 8–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	LC  Unknown [106]
Robert's arboreal rice rat	O. roberti Thomas, 1904	Central South America	Size: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	LC  Unknown [106]
Trinidad arboreal rice rat	O. trinitatis (Allen & Chapman, 1893)	Central America and western, northern, and eastern South America	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	LC  Unknown [106]
Unicolored arboreal rice rat	O. concolor Wagner, 1845	Central and northern South America	Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	LC  Unknown [106]
Venezuelan arboreal rice rat	O. speciosus (Allen & Chapman, 1893)	Northern South America	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	LC  Unknown [106]
Yellow arboreal rice rat	O. flavicans (Thomas, 1894)	Northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest [106] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [100]	LC  Unknown [106]

Genus Oligoryzomys – Bangs, 1900 – nineteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Andean pygmy rice rat	O. andinus (Osgood, 1914)	Peru and Bolivia	Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus about 15 cm (6 in) tail [91] Habitat: Shrubland [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Black-footed pygmy rice rat	O. nigripes (Olfers, 1818)	Eastern South America	Size: 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [91] Habitat: Shrubland, savanna, forest, and grassland [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Brazilian pygmy rice rat	O. eliurus Wagner, 1845	Eastern South America	Size: 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [91] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, inland wetlands, and forest [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Brenda's pygmy rice rat	O. brendae Massoia, 1998	Northern Argentina	Size: 7–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [91] Habitat: Forest and grassland [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	DD  Unknown [107]
Chacoan pygmy rice rat	O. chacoensis (Myers & Carleton, 1981)	Central South America	Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [91] Habitat: Shrubland, inland wetlands, and grassland [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Delta pygmy rice rat	O. delticola Thomas, 1917	Southeastern South America	Size: 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [91] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Destructive pygmy rice rat	O. destructor (Tschudi, 1844)	Western South America	Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 11–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [91] Habitat: Forest and grassland [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Fornes' pygmy rice rat	O. fornesi (Massoia, 1973)	Central and eastern South America	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [91] Habitat: Savanna, grassland, and shrubland [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Fulvous pygmy rice rat	O. fulvescens (Saussure, 1860)	Mexico, Central America, and northern South America	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [43] Habitat: Forest [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Grayish pygmy rice rat	O. griseolus (Osgood, 1912)	Colombia and western Venezuela	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [91] Habitat: Forest and grassland [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Highlands pygmy rice rat	O. rupestris Weksler & Bonvicino, 2005	Eastern Brazil	Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [91] Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	DD  Unknown [107]
Long-tailed pygmy rice rat	O. longicaudatus (Bennett, 1832)	Chile and southern Argentina	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [91] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Magellanic pygmy rice rat	O. magellanicus (Bennett, 1836)	Southern Chile and southern Argentina	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [91] Habitat: Forest [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Moojen's pygmy rice rat	O. moojeni Weksler & Bonvicino, 2005	Central Brazil	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [91] Habitat: Savanna and forest [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	DD  Unknown [107]
Sandy pygmy rice rat	O. arenalis (Thomas, 1913)	Western Peru	Size: About 8 cm (3 in) long, plus about 11 cm (4 in) tail [91] Habitat: Shrubland and desert [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Small-eared pygmy rice rat	O. microtis Allen, 1916	West-central South America	Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [91] Habitat: Forest [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Sprightly pygmy rice rat	O. vegetus (Bangs, 1902)	Costa Rica and western Panama	Size: 7–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [91] Habitat: Forest [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
St. Vincent pygmy rice rat  †	O. victus (Thomas, 1898)	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Size: Unknown [1] Habitat: Unknown and forest [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	EX  0 [107]
Straw-colored pygmy rice rat	O. stramineus Bonvicino & Weksler, 1998	Eastern Brazil	Size: 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 9–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [91] Habitat: Shrubland, forest, savanna, and grassland [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]
Yellow pygmy rice rat	O. flavescens (Waterhouse, 1837)	Southern South America	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [91] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands [107] Diet: Seeds, fruit, and insects [87]	LC  Unknown [107]

Genus Oreoryzomys – Weksler, Percequillo, & Voss, 2006 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Peruvian rice rat	O. balneator (Thomas, 1900)	Ecuador and northwestern Peru	Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [54] Habitat: Forest [108] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [108]

Genus Oryzomys – Baird, 1857 – six species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Coues's rice rat	O. couesi (Alston, 1877)	Southern North America, Central America, and northwestern South America (in red)	Size: 9–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [20] Habitat: Inland wetlands [109] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [109]
Gorgas's rice rat	O. gorgasi Hershkovitz, 1971	Northwestern South America	Size: 9–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [12] Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, and grassland [109] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	EN  Unknown [109]
Jamaican rice rat  †	O. antillarum Thomas, 1898	Jamaica (in green)	Size: Unknown [1] Habitat: Unknown [109] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	EX  0 [109]
Marsh rice rat	O. palustris (Harlan, 1837)	Southern and eastern United States (in dark blue)	Size: 13–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [20] Habitat: Inland wetlands, grassland, and intertidal marine [109] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [109]
Nelson's rice rat  †	O. nelsoni Merriam, 1898	Islas Marías west of Mexico (in orange)	Size: Unknown [1] Habitat: Shrubland and inland wetlands [109] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	EX  0 [109]
Thomas's rice rat	O. dimidiatus (Thomas, 1905)	Southeastern Nicaragua (in yellow)	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [20] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands [109] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	DD  Unknown [109]

Genus Oxymycterus – Waterhouse, 1837 – seventeen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Amazonian hocicudo	O. amazonicus Hershkovitz, 1994	Central Brazil	Size: 14–15 cm (6 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	LC  Unknown [110]
Angular hocicudo	O. angularis Thomas, 1909	Eastern Brazil	Size: 12–20 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 9–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [36] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and savanna [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	LC  Unknown [110]
Argentine hocicudo	O. akodontius Thomas, 1921	Northern Argentina	Size: 10–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	NE  Unknown
Atlantic Forest hocicudo	O. dasytrichus (Schinz, 1821)	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 12–20 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 9–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, and shrubland [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	LC  Unknown [110]
Caparaó hocicudo	O. caparoae Hershkovitz, 1998	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	LC  Unknown [110]
Cook's hocicudo	O. josei Hoffmann, Lessa, & Smith, 2002	Southern Uruguay	Size: 12–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Inland wetlands, shrubland, and grassland [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	NT  Unknown [110]
Hispid hocicudo	O. hispidus Pictet, 1843	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 12–20 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 9–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	LC  Unknown [110]
Incan hocicudo	O. inca Thomas, 1900	Bolivia and Peru	Size: 13–19 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 8–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest, grassland, shrubland, and savanna [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	LC  Unknown [110]
Long-nosed hocicudo	O. nasutus (Waterhouse, 1837)	Southern Brazil and Uruguay	Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Inland wetlands and grassland [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	LC  Unknown [110]
Paramo hocicudo	O. paramensis Thomas, 1902	Western South America	Size: 10–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	LC  Unknown [110]
Quaestor hocicudo	O. quaestor Thomas, 1903	Southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina	Size: 13–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 9–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [36] Habitat: Shrubland and forest [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	LC  Unknown [110]
Quechuan hocicudo	O. hucucha Hinojosa, Anderson, & Patton, 1987	Central Bolivia	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 7–8 cm (3 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	EN  Unknown [110]
Ravine hocicudo	O. wayku Jayat, D'Elía, Pardiñas, Miotti, & Ortiz, 2008	Northern Argentina	Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest and grassland [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	VU  Unknown [110]
Red hocicudo	O. rufus Fischer von Waldheim, 1814	Northern Argentina	Size: 12–17 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 6–12 cm (2–5 in) tail [36] Habitat: Grassland [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	LC  Unknown [110]
Robert's hocicudo	O. roberti Thomas, 1901	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [45] Habitat: Grassland and forest [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	LC  Unknown [110]
Small hocicudo	O. hiska Hinojosa, Anderson, & Patton, 1987	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	LC  Unknown [110]
Spy hocicudo	O. delator Thomas, 1903	Southern Brazil and Paraguay	Size: 11–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 7–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [36] Habitat: Inland wetlands and grassland [110] Diet: Insects, as well as other invertebrates and vegetation [38]	LC  Unknown [110]

Genus Phaenomys – Thomas, 1917 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Rio de Janeiro arboreal rat	P. ferrugineus (Thomas, 1894)	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 14–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 18–20 cm (7–8 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest [111] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	EN  Unknown [111]

Genus Phyllotis – Waterhouse, 1837 – sixteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Andean leaf-eared mouse	P. andium Thomas, 1912	Ecuador and Peru	Size: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [42] Habitat: Shrubland, inland wetlands, and forest [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [112]
Anita's leaf-eared mouse	P. anitae Jayat, D'Elía, Pardiñas, & Namen, 2007	Northern Argentina	Size: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [23] Habitat: Forest [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	DD  Unknown [112]
Buenos Aires leaf-eared mouse	P. bonariensis Crespo, 1964	Eastern Argentina	Size: 12–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 11–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [23] Habitat: Grassland, rocky areas, and shrubland [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	NT  Unknown [112]
Bunchgrass leaf-eared mouse	P. osilae Allen, 1901	Western South America	Size: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus about 12 cm (5 in) tail [23] Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [112]
Capricorn leaf-eared mouse	P. caprinus Pearson, 1958	Southern Bolivia and northern Argentina	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 11–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [23] Habitat: Grassland, forest, and shrubland [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [112]
Darwin's leaf-eared mouse	P. darwini (Waterhouse, 1837)	Central Chile	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [23] Habitat: Shrubland [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [112]
Definitive leaf-eared mouse	P. definitus Osgood, 1915	Western Peru	Size: About 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [42] Habitat: Rocky areas and shrubland [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	EN  Unknown [112]
Friendly leaf-eared mouse	P. amicus (Thomas, 1900)	Western Peru	Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 10–11 cm (4 in) tail [42] Habitat: Desert and rocky areas [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [112]
Gerbil leaf-eared mouse	P. gerbillus (Thomas, 1900)	Western Peru	Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [42] Habitat: Desert and shrubland [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [112]
Haggard's leaf-eared mouse	P. haggardi Thomas, 1908	Ecuador	Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [42] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and rocky areas [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [112]
Lima leaf-eared mouse	P. limatus Thomas, 1912	Southern Peru and northern Chile	Size: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus about 13 cm (5 in) tail [42] Habitat: Desert, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and forest [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [112]
Los Alisos leaf-eared mouse	P. alisosiensis Ferro, Martínez, & Barquez, 2010	Northern Argentina	Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail [23] Habitat: Forest [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	EN  Unknown [112]
Master leaf-eared mouse	P. magister Thomas, 1912	Southern Peru and northern Chile	Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus about 16 cm (6 in) tail [23] Habitat: Shrubland, rocky areas, and forest [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [112]
Osgood's leaf-eared mouse	P. osgoodi Fischer, 1945	Western South America	Size: 8–14 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [23] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and rocky areas [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	DD  Unknown [112]
Wolffsohn's leaf-eared mouse	P. wolffsohni Thomas, 1902	Bolivia	Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 11–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [23] Habitat: Shrubland [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [112]
Yellow-rumped leaf-eared mouse	P. xanthopygus (Waterhouse, 1837)	Western and southern South America	Size: 9–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 8–15 cm (3–6 in) tail [23] Habitat: Rocky areas, forest, shrubland, and grassland [112] Diet: Seeds, vegetation, and lichen [33]	LC  Unknown [112]

Genus Podoxymys – Anthony, 1929 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Roraima mouse	P. roraimae Anthony, 1929	Northern South America	Size: 7–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [36] Habitat: Forest [113] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	VU  Unknown [113]

Genus Pseudoryzomys – Hershkovitz, 1962 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Brazilian false rice rat	P. simplex (Winge, 1888)	Central and eastern South America	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [54] Habitat: Grassland, savanna, and shrubland [114] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [22]	LC  Unknown [114]

Genus Punomys – Osgood, 1943 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Eastern puna mouse	P. kofordi Pacheco & Patton, 1995	Southern Peru	Size: 12–17 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [26] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [115] Diet: Twigs from herbs [116]	NT  Unknown [115]
Puna mouse	P. lemminus Osgood, 1943	Western South America	Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [26] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and rocky areas [115] Diet: Twigs from herbs [116]	VU  Unknown [115]

Genus Reithrodon – Waterhouse, 1837 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bunny rat	R. auritus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1814)	Argentina and southern Chile	Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [6] Habitat: Grassland and shrubland [117] Diet: Grass, rhizomes, and roots [118]	LC  Unknown [117]
Naked-soled conyrat	R. typicus Waterhouse, 1837	Southeastern South America	Size: 14–15 cm (6 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [6] Habitat: Grassland [117] Diet: Grass, rhizomes, and roots [118]	LC  Unknown [117]

Genus Rhagomys – Thomas, 1917 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Brazilian arboreal mouse	R. rufescens (Thomas, 1886)	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [120] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	VU  Unknown [120]
Long-tongued arboreal mouse	R. longilingua Luna & Patterson, 2003	Southern Peru and western Bolivia	Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 9–11 cm (4 in) tail [15] Habitat: Forest [120] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [120]

Genus Rheomys – Thomas, 1906 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Goldman's water mouse	R. raptor Goldman, 1912	Costa Rica and Panama	Size: 9–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [29] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [121] Diet: Fish, snails, and aquatic insects [122]	LC  Unknown [121]
Mexican water mouse	R. mexicanus Goodwin, 1959	Southern Mexico	Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–18 cm (5–7 in) tail [29] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands [121] Diet: Fish, snails, and aquatic insects [122]	EN  Unknown [121]
Thomas's water mouse	R. thomasi Dickey, 1928	Southern Mexico and northern Central America	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [29] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [121] Diet: Fish, snails, and aquatic insects [122]	NT  Unknown [121]
Underwood's water mouse	R. underwoodi Thomas, 1906	Costa Rica and western Panama	Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–16 cm (6 in) tail [29] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands [121] Diet: Fish, snails, and aquatic insects [122]	LC  Unknown [121]

Genus Rhipidomys – Tschudi, 1845 – 22 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Albuja's climbing rat	R. albujai Brito & Ojala-Barbour, 2017	Central Ecuador	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [123]
Atlantic Forest climbing mouse	R. mastacalis (Lund, 1841)	Eastern Brazil	Size: 12–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Broad-footed climbing mouse	R. latimanus (Tomes, 1860)	Panama and northwestern South America	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–19 cm (5–7 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Buff-bellied climbing mouse	R. fulviventer Thomas, 1896	Venezuela and Colombia	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Cariri climbing mouse	R. cariri Tribe, 2005	Eastern Brazil	Size: 13–19 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 14–27 cm (6–11 in) tail [119] Habitat: Grassland [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [123]
Cauca climbing mouse	R. caucensis Allen, 1913	Western Colombia	Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus about 13 cm (5 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [123]
Cerrado climbing mouse	R. macrurus (Gervais, 1855)	Northern South America	Size: 11–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–19 cm (5–7 in) tail [119] Habitat: Savanna and forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Charming climbing mouse	R. venustus Thomas, 1900	Northern Venezuela and northern Colombia	Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 12–17 cm (5–7 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Coues's climbing mouse	R. couesi (Allen & Chapman, 1893)	Venezuela and Colombia	Size: 15–21 cm (6–8 in) long, plus 17–20 cm (7–8 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Eastern Amazon climbing mouse	R. emiliae (Allen, 1916)	Brazil	Size: 11–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–18 cm (6–7 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest and savanna [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Gardner's climbing mouse	R. gardneri Patton, Silva, & Malcolm, 2000	Southern Peru and western Brazil	Size: 16–19 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 17–20 cm (7–8 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Ipuca climbing rat	R. ipukensis Rocha, Costa, & Costa, 2011	Central Brazil	Size: 9–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 11–17 cm (4–7 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [123]
MacConnell's climbing mouse	R. macconnelli De Winton, 1900	Northern South America	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 14–19 cm (6–7 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Peruvian climbing mouse	R. modicus Thomas, 1926	Peru	Size: 13–17 cm (5–7 in) long, plus about 18 cm (7 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Sky climbing rat	R. itoan Costa, Geise, Pereira, & Costa, 2011	Southern Brazil	Size: 11–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 13–21 cm (5–8 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Southern climbing mouse	R. austrinus Thomas, 1921	Bolivia and northern Argentina	Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail [124] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Splendid climbing mouse	R. nitela Thomas, 1901	Northern South America	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 15–18 cm (6–7 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Tribe's climbing rat	R. tribei Costa, Geise, Pereira, & Costa, 2011	Southeastern Brazil	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [123]
Venezuelan climbing mouse	R. venezuelae Thomas, 1896	Northern Venezuela and northern Colombia	Size: 12–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 13–19 cm (5–7 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Wetzel's climbing mouse	R. wetzeli Gardner, 1990	Southern Venezuela and northern Brazil	Size: 6–11 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 8–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest and rocky areas [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
White-footed climbing mouse	R. leucodactylus Tschudi, 1844	Northern and western South America	Size: 17–21 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 22–24 cm (9 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [123]
Yellow-bellied climbing mouse	R. ochrogaster Allen, 1901	Southern Peru and western Bolivia	Size: 15–16 cm (6 in) long, plus 19–23 cm (7–9 in) tail [119] Habitat: Forest [123] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [123]

Genus Salinomys – Braun & Mares, 1995 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Delicate salt flat mouse	S. delicatus Braun & Mares, 1995	Northern Argentina	Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [23] Habitat: Shrubland and inland wetlands [125] Diet: Seeds, arthropods, and vegetation [125]	DD  Unknown [125]

Genus Scapteromys – Waterhouse, 1837 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Argentine swamp rat	S. aquaticus Thomas, 1920	Northern Argentina and southern Paraguay	Size: 12–25 cm (5–10 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [12] Habitat: Shrubland and inland wetlands [126] Diet: Grass and seeds [127]	LC  Unknown [126]
Waterhouse's swamp rat	S. tumidus (Waterhouse, 1837)	Southeastern South America	Size: 15–20 cm (6–8 in) long, plus 13–18 cm (5–7 in) tail [12] Habitat: Inland wetlands, grassland, shrubland, and forest [126] Diet: Grass and seeds [127]	LC  Unknown [126]

Genus Scolomys – Anthony, 1924 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
South American spiny mouse	S. melanops Anthony, 1924	Ecuador and northern Peru	Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest [128] Diet: Seeds and invertebrates [129]	LC  Unknown [128]
Ucayali spiny mouse	S. ucayalensis Pacheco, 1991	Western South America	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 6–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest [128] Diet: Seeds and invertebrates [129]	LC  Unknown [128]

Genus Sigmodon – Say & Ord, 1825 – fourteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Allen's cotton rat	S. alleni Bailey, 1902	Southern Mexico	Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 8–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [29] Habitat: Forest [130] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	VU  Unknown [130]
Alston's cotton rat	S. alstoni Thomas, 1881	Northern South America	Size: 10–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [132] Habitat: Grassland and shrubland [130] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	LC  Unknown [130]
Arizona cotton rat	S. arizonae Mearns, 1890	Western Mexico and southwestern United States	Size: 22–24 cm (9 in) long, plus 9–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [29] Habitat: Shrubland, desert, and grassland [130] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	LC  Unknown [130]
Hispid cotton rat	S. hispidus Say & Ord, 1825	Central and southern United States and northern Mexico	Size: 12–23 cm (5–9 in) long, plus 8–17 cm (3–7 in) tail [29] Habitat: Desert and grassland [130] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	LC  Unknown [130]
Jaliscan cotton rat	S. mascotensis Allen, 1897	Southern Mexico	Size: 12–20 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 7–14 cm (3–6 in) tail [29] Habitat: Forest [130] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	LC  Unknown [130]
Miahuatlán cotton rat	S. planifrons Nelson & Goldman, 1933	Southern Mexico	Size: About 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [29] Habitat: Forest [29] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	NE  Unknown
Montane cotton rat	S. zanjonensis Goodwin, 1932	Southern Mexico and Guatamala	Size: 14–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [29] Habitat: Desert and grassland [130] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	NE  Unknown
Peruvian cotton rat	S. peruanus Allen, 1897	Western Ecuador and western Peru	Size: 12–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 7–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [132] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands [130] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	LC  Unknown [130]
Southern cotton rat	S. hirsutus Burmeister, 1854	Southern Mexico, Central America, and northwestern South America	Size: 12–23 cm (5–9 in) long, plus 9–17 cm (4–7 in) tail [29] Habitat: Forest [130] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	LC  Unknown [130]
Tawny-bellied cotton rat	S. fulviventer Allen, 1889	Mexico and southwestern United States	Size: 13–20 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 10–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [29] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [130] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	LC  Unknown [130]
Toltec cotton rat	S. toltecus Saussure, 1860	Eastern Mexico and northern Central America	Size: 13–23 cm (5–9 in) long, plus 11–17 cm (4–7 in) tail [29] Habitat: Grassland [130] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	LC  Unknown [130]
Unexpected cotton rat	S. inopinatus Anthony, 1924	Ecuador	Size: 13–17 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [132] Habitat: Inland wetlands, shrubland, and grassland [130] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	VU  Unknown [130]
White-eared cotton rat	S. leucotis Bailey, 1902	Mexico	Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [132] Habitat: Forest [130] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	LC  Unknown [130]
Yellow-nosed cotton rat	S. ochrognathus Bailey, 1902	Mexico and southwestern United States	Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [29] Habitat: Forest and grassland [130] Diet: Omnivorous, including vegetation, insects, invertebrates, and small animals [131]	LC  Unknown [130]

Genus Sigmodontomys – Allen, 1897 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Alfaro's rice water rat	S. alfari Allen, 1897	Central America and northwestern South America	Size: 12–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 14–19 cm (6–7 in) tail [12] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [133] Diet: Seeds and vegetation [133]	LC  Unknown [133]

Genus Sooretamys – Weksler, Percequillo, & Voss, 2006 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Rat-headed rice rat	S. angouya (Fischer von Waldheim, 1814)	Southeastern South America	Size: 12–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 16–24 cm (6–9 in) tail [54] Habitat: Forest and savanna [134] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [134]

Genus Tanyuromys – Pine & Timm & Weksler, 2012 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Harris's rice water rat	T. aphrastus Harris Jr., 1932	Southern Central America and northwestern South America	Size: 11–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 17–23 cm (7–9 in) tail [12] Habitat: Forest [135] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [135]

Genus Tapecomys – Anderson & Yates, 2000 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Primordial tapecua	T. primus Anderson & Yates, 2000	Southern Bolivia and northern Argentina	Size: 12–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–16 cm (6 in) tail [23] Habitat: Forest [136] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [136]

Genus Thalpomys – Thomas, 1916 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Cerrado mouse	T. cerradensis Hershkovitz, 1990	Central Brazil	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [36] Habitat: Savanna, grassland, and shrubland [137] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [137]
Hairy-eared cerrado mouse	T. lasiotis Thomas, 1916	Brazil	Size: About 8 cm (3 in) long, plus about 5 cm (2 in) tail [36] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and savanna [137] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [137]

Genus Thaptomys – Thomas, 1916 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Blackish grass mouse	T. nigrita (Lichtenstein, 1830)	Southeastern South America	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [17] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest [138] Diet: Plants and invertebrates [19]	LC  Unknown [138]

Genus Thomasomys – Coues, 1884 – 42 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Anderson's Oldfield mouse	T. andersoni Salazar-Bravo & Yates, 2007	Bolivia	Size: 10–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 12–13 cm (5 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	VU  Unknown [139]
Apeco Oldfield mouse	T. apeco Leo & Gardner, 1993	Central Peru	Size: About 24 cm (9 in) long, plus 28–33 cm (11–13 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Ash-colored Oldfield mouse	T. cinereus (Thomas, 1882)	Western Peru	Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus about 15 cm (6 in) tail [124] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Ashaninka Oldfield mouse	T. onkiro Luna & Pacheco, 2002	Southern Peru	Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 14–16 cm (6 in) tail [26] Habitat: Shrubland and forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Ashy-bellied Oldfield mouse	T. cinereiventer Allen, 1912	Western Colombia	Size: 12–17 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 14–18 cm (6–7 in) tail [124] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Austral Oldfield mouse	T. australis Anthony, 1925	Central Bolivia	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus about 14 cm (6 in) tail [26] Habitat: Unknown [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [139]
Beady-eyed mouse	T. baeops (Thomas, 1899)	Western Colombia and Ecuador	Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail [124] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Cajamarca Oldfield mouse	T. praetor (Thomas, 1900)	Western Peru	Size: 16–19 cm (6–7 in) long, plus about 18 cm (7 in) tail [26] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	NT  Unknown [139]
Central Andes Oldfield mouse	T. contradictus Anthony, 1925	Western Colombia	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus about 15 cm (6 in) tail [124] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [139]
Cinnamon-colored Oldfield mouse	T. cinnameus Anthony, 1924	Ecuador and southwestern Colombia	Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 11–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [124] Habitat: Rocky areas, forest, and inland wetlands [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Colombian Oldfield mouse	T. dispar Anthony, 1925	Southwestern Colombia	Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus tail [124] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [139]
Daphne's Oldfield mouse	T. daphne Thomas, 1917	Bolivia and southern Peru	Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus about 13 cm (5 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Distinguished Oldfield mouse	T. notatus Thomas, 1917	Peru	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Dressy Oldfield mouse	T. vestitus (Thomas, 1898)	Western Venzuela	Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus about 17 cm (7 in) tail [124] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	NT  Unknown [139]
Forest Oldfield mouse	T. silvestris Anthony, 1924	Ecuador	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail [124] Habitat: Shrubland, forest, and grassland [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Golden Oldfield mouse	T. aureus (Tomes, 1860)	Western South America	Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 17–25 cm (7–10 in) tail [124] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Hudson's Oldfield mouse	T. hudsoni Anthony, 1923	Southern Ecuador	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 11–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [26] Habitat: Grassland and shrubland [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	VU  Unknown [139]
Inca Oldfield mouse	T. incanus (Thomas, 1894)	Peru	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus about 13 cm (5 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Kalinowski's Oldfield mouse	T. kalinowskii (Thomas, 1894)	Peru	Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus about 16 cm (6 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Ladew's Oldfield mouse	T. ladewi Anthony, 1926	Southern Peru and western Bolivia	Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus about 16 cm (6 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Large-eared Oldfield mouse	T. macrotis Gardner & Romo, 1993	Central Peru	Size: 15–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 19–22 cm (7–9 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Montane Oldfield mouse	T. oreas Anthony, 1926	Peru and Bolivia	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus about 14 cm (6 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Paramo Oldfield mouse	T. paramorum Thomas, 1898	Ecuador and southwestern Colombia	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [124] Habitat: Grassland, forest, and shrubland [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Peruvian Oldfield mouse	T. eleusis Thomas, 1926	Central Peru	Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [26] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	VU  Unknown [139]
Pichincha Oldfield mouse	T. vulcani (Thomas, 1898)	Ecuador	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [124] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [139]
Popayán Oldfield mouse	T. popayanus Allen, 1912	Western Colombia	Size: 14–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 20–22 cm (8–9 in) tail [124] Habitat: Grassland, forest, and shrubland [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [139]
Red Andean Oldfield mouse	T. auricularis (Anthony, 1923)	Southern Ecuador	Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 16–19 cm (6–7 in) tail [124] Habitat: Forest and grassland [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [139]
Rosalinda's Oldfield mouse	T. rosalinda Thomas & St. Leger, 1926	Western Peru	Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus about 17 cm (7 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	EN  Unknown [139]
Silky Oldfield mouse	T. bombycinus Anthony, 1925	Western Colombia	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus about 13 cm (5 in) tail [124] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	VU  Unknown [139]
Slender Oldfield mouse	T. gracilis Thomas, 1917	Southern Peru	Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus about 12 cm (5 in) tail [26] Habitat: Inland wetlands, grassland, and forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	NT  Unknown [139]
Smoky Oldfield mouse	T. fumeus Anthony, 1924	Ecuador	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [124] Habitat: Unknown [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [139]
Snow-footed Oldfield mouse	T. niveipes (Thomas, 1896)	Central Colombia	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [124] Habitat: Grassland and shrubland [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Soft-furred Oldfield mouse	T. laniger (Thomas, 1895)	Colombia	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [124] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Strong-tailed Oldfield mouse	T. ischyrus Osgood, 1914	Peru	Size: 13–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus about 15 cm (6 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Taczanowski's Oldfield mouse	T. taczanowskii (Thomas, 1882)	Western South America	Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus about 14 cm (6 in) tail [124] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Thomas's Oldfield mouse	T. pyrrhonotus Thomas, 1886	Southern Ecuador and northwestern Peru	Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus about 19 cm (7 in) tail [26] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	VU  Unknown [139]
Ucucha Oldfield mouse	T. ucucha Voss, 2003	Northern Ecuador and Southwestern Colombia	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 12–16 cm (5–6 in) tail [124] Habitat: Grassland and forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	VU  Unknown [139]
Unicolored Oldfield mouse	T. monochromos Bangs, 1900	Northern Colombia	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus about 12 cm (5 in) tail [124] Habitat: Forest and grassland [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	VU  Unknown [139]
Venezuelan Oldfield mouse	T. emeritus Thomas, 1916	Western Venezuela	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [124] Habitat: Grassland and forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	DD  Unknown [139]
Wandering Oldfield mouse	T. erro Anthony, 1926	Ecuador	Size: 10–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–18 cm (5–7 in) tail [124] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
White-tipped Oldfield mouse	T. caudivarius Anthony, 1923	Ecuador and western Peru	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail [124] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	LC  Unknown [139]
Woodland Oldfield mouse	T. hylophilus Osgood, 1912	Northern Colombia and western Venezuela	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 12–16 cm (5–6 in) tail [124] Habitat: Forest [139] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	VU  Unknown [139]

Genus Transandinomys – Weksler, Percequillo, & Voss, 2006 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Long-whiskered rice rat	T. bolivaris (Allen, 1901)	Central America and northwestern South America	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [45] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest [140] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [140]
Talamancan rice rat	T. talamancae (Allen, 1891)	Central America and northwestern South America	Size: 12–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail [45] Habitat: Forest and other [140] Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, insects, crustaceans, and small fish [14]	LC  Unknown [140]

Genus Wiedomys – Hershkovitz, 1959 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Cerrado red-nosed mouse	W. cerradensis Gonçalves, Almeida, & Bonvicino, 2005	Eastern Brazil	Size: 10–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail [26] Habitat: Forest and shrubland [141] Diet: Seeds and insects [142]	DD  Unknown [141]
Red-nosed mouse	W. pyrrhorhinos (Wied-Neuwied, 1820)	Eastern Brazil	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–19 cm (4–7 in) tail [26] Habitat: Shrubland, savanna, and grassland [141] Diet: Seeds and insects [142]	LC  Unknown [141]

Genus Wilfredomys – Avila-Pires, 1960 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Greater Wilfred's mouse	W. oenax (Thomas, 1928)	Southeastern South America	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 16–21 cm (6–8 in) tail [9] Habitat: Forest [143] Diet: Vegetation, seeds, and insects [8]	EN  Unknown [143]

Genus Zygodontomys – Allen, 1897 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Brown cane mouse	Z. brunneus Thomas, 1898	Western Colombia	Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 11–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [6] Habitat: Grassland and inland wetlands [144] Diet: Seeds, grass, and fruit [145]	LC  Unknown [144]
Short-tailed cane mouse	Z. brevicauda Allen & Chapman, 1893	Southern Central America and northern South America	Size: 14–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 10–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [6] Habitat: Savanna, forest, inland wetlands, and grassland [144] Diet: Seeds, grass, and fruit [145]	LC  Unknown [144]

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