List of nesomyids

Malagasy giant rat (Hypogeomys antimena)

Nesomyidae is a family of mammals in the order Rodentia and part of the Myomorpha suborder. Members of this family are called nesomyids, and include Malagasy rodents, climbing mice, African rock mice, pouched rats, and tufted-tailed rats. They are found in sub-Saharan Africa, primarily in forests, savannas, shrublands, grasslands, and deserts, though some species can be found in rocky areas. They range in size from Monard's African climbing mouse, at 4 cm (2 in) plus a 5 cm (2 in) tail, to the southern giant pouched rat, at 41 cm (16 in) plus a 45 cm (18 in) tail. Nesomyids are generally omnivores, and eat seeds, fruit, nuts, roots, stems, and insects. Few nesomyids have population estimates, but five species—the white-tipped tufted-tailed rat, greater big-footed mouse, western nesomys, eastern voalavo, and Petter's tufted-tailed rat—are categorized as endangered, while the Mount Kahuzi climbing mouse and Malagasy giant rat are categorized as critically endangered.

The 67 extant species of Nesomyidae are divided into 21 genera, divided into 6 subfamilies. Cricetomyinae contains 8 species of hamster-rats and pouched rats in 3 genera, Delanymyinae contains a single species, Dendromurinae contains 26 species of climbing mice and fat mice in 6 genera, Mystromyinae contains a single species, Nesomyinae contains 27 species of short-tailed rats, tufted-tailed rats, and big-footed mice in 9 genera, and Petromyscinae contains four species of rock mice in a single genus. Several extinct prehistoric nesomyid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries, the exact number and categorization is not fixed. ^[1]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories

Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically endangered (2 species)
EN	Endangered (5 species)
VU	Vulnerable (5 species)
NT	Near threatened (0 species)
LC	Least concern (45 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (8 species)
NE	Not evaluated (2 species)

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the nesomyid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

Nesomyidae is a family consisting of 67 extant species in 21 genera. These genera are divided into six subfamilies: Cricetomyinae, containing 8 species of in 3 genera; Delanymyinae, containing a single species; Dendromurinae, containing 26 species in 6 genera; Mystromyinae, containing a single species; Nesomyinae, containing 27 species in 9 genera; and Petromyscinae, containing 4 species in a single genus. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

Family Nesomyidae

• Subfamily Cricetomyinae
  • Genus Beamys (hamster-rats): two species
  • Genus Cricetomys (pouched rats): four species
  • Genus Saccostomus (pouched mice): one species
• Subfamily Delanymyinae
  • Genus Delanymys (Delany's mouse): one species
• Subfamily Dendromurinae
  • Genus Dendromus (climbing mice): fourteen species
  • Genus Dendroprionomys (velvet climbing mouse): one species
  • Genus Malacothrix (gerbil mouse): one species
  • Genus Megadendromus (Nikolaus's mouse): one species
  • Genus Prionomys (Dollman's tree mouse): one species
  • Genus Steatomys (fat mice): eight species
• Subfamily Mystromyinae
  • Genus Mystromys (white-tailed rat): one species
• Subfamily Nesomyinae
  • Genus Brachytarsomys (antsangies): two species
  • Genus Brachyuromys (short-tailed rats): two species
  • Genus Eliurus (tufted-tailed rats): twelve species
  • Genus Gymnuromys (voalavoanala): one species
  • Genus Hypogeomys (Malagasy giant rat): one species
  • Genus Macrotarsomys (big-footed mice): three species
  • Genus Monticolomys (Malagasy mountain mouse): one species
  • Genus Nesomys (red forest rats): three species
  • Genus Voalavo (voalavos): two species
• Subfamily Petromyscinae
  • Genus Petromyscus (rock mice): four species

Nesomyidae [2] Nesomyinae    Brachytarsomys Gymnuromys Eliurus Voalavo Brachyuromys Nesomys Hypogeomys Macrotarsomys Monticolomys Cricetomyinae    Beamys Cricetomys Saccostomus Dendromurinae    Dendromus Malacothrix Steatomys Dendroprionomys Megadendromus Prionomys Mystromyinae    Mystromys Petromyscinae    Petromyscus Delanymyinae    Delanymys

Nesomyids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists. ^[3]

Subfamily Cricetomyinae

Main article: Cricetomyinae

Genus Beamys – Thomas, 1909 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Greater hamster-rat	B. major Dollman, 1914	Southeastern Africa	Size: 13–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [4] Habitat: Forest [5] Diet: Seeds and fruit [5]	NE  Unknown
Lesser hamster-rat	B. hindei Thomas, 1909	Southeastern Africa	Size: 12–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 11–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [4] Habitat: Forest [6] Diet: Seeds and fruit [5]	LC  Unknown [6]

Genus Cricetomys – Waterhouse, 1840 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Emin's pouched rat	C. emini Wroughton, 1910	Central and western Africa	Size: 30–35 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 32–43 cm (13–17 in) tail [4] Habitat: Forest [7] Diet: Omnivorous, including fruit and nuts as well as vegetables, insects, crabs, and snails [8]	LC  Unknown [7]
Gambian pouched rat	C. gambianus Waterhouse, 1840	Central and western Africa	Size: 28–39 cm (11–15 in) long, plus 25–40 cm (10–16 in) tail [4] Habitat: Forest and savanna [9] Diet: Omnivorous, including fruit and nuts as well as vegetables, insects, crabs, and snails [8]	LC  Unknown [9]
Kivu giant pouched rat	C. kivuensis Lönnberg, 1917	Central and western Africa	Size: About 32 cm (13 in) long, plus about 34 cm (13 in) tail [4] Habitat: Forest [10] Diet: Omnivorous, including fruit and nuts as well as vegetables, insects, crabs, and snails [8]	LC  Unknown [10]
Southern giant pouched rat	C. ansorgei Thomas, 1904	Central and southern Africa	Size: 29–41 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 34–45 cm (13–18 in) tail [4] Habitat: Forest and savanna [11] Diet: Omnivorous, including fruit and nuts as well as vegetables, insects, crabs, and snails [8]	LC  Unknown [11]

Genus Saccostomus – Peters, 1846 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Mearns's pouched mouse	S. mearnsi Heller, 1910	Eastern Africa	Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 3–8 cm (1–3 in) tail [4] Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and desert [12] Diet: Seeds, berries, grain, and nuts, as well as insects [13]	LC  Unknown [12]
South African pouched mouse	S. campestris Peters, 1846	Southern Africa	Size: 9–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 2–6 cm (1–2 in) tail [4] Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert [14] Diet: Seeds, berries, grain, and nuts, as well as insects [13]	LC  Unknown [14]

Subfamily Delanymyinae

Main article: Delanymyinae

Genus Delanymys – Hayman, 1962 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Delany's mouse	D. brooksi Hayman, 1962	Central Africa	Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [4] Habitat: Shrubland and inland wetlands [15] Diet: Seeds [5]	VU  Unknown [15]

Subfamily Dendromurinae

Main article: Dendromurinae

Genus Dendromus – Smith, 1829 – fourteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Banana climbing mouse	D. messorius (Thomas, 1903)	Central and western Africa	Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Grassland [17] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	LC  Unknown [17]
Brants's climbing mouse	D. mesomelas (Brants, 1827)	Southern Africa	Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [19] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	LC  Unknown [19]
Cameroon climbing mouse	D. oreas Osgood, 1936	Cameroon	Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Grassland [20] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	LC  Unknown [20]
Chestnut climbing mouse	D. mystacalis (Heuglin, 1863)	Eastern and southern Africa	Size: 4–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 6–11 cm (2–4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Savanna and grassland [21] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	LC  Unknown [21]
Gray climbing mouse	D. melanotis (Smith, 1834)	Sub-Saharan Africa	Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert [22] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	LC  Unknown [22]
Kivu climbing mouse	D. nyasae Thomas, 1916	Southern Africa	Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [23] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	LC  Unknown [23]
Lachaise's climbing mouse	D. lachaisei Denys & Aniskine, 2012	Western Africa	Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest and savanna [24] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	VU  Unknown [24]
Lovat's climbing mouse	D. lovati (de Winton, 1900)	Ethiopia	Size: 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 5–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Grassland [25] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	LC  Unknown [25]
Monard's African climbing mouse	D. leucostomus Monard, 1933	Angola	Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [16] Habitat: Savanna and grassland [18] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	NE  Unknown
Montane African climbing mouse	D. insignis (Thomas, 1903)	East-central Africa	Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands [26] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	LC  Unknown [26]
Mount Kahuzi climbing mouse	D. kahuziensis (Dieterlen, 1969)	Democratic Republic of the Congo	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest [27] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	CR  Unknown [27]
Nyika climbing mouse	D. nyikae Wroughton, 1909	Southern Africa	Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [28] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	LC  Unknown [28]
Rupp's African climbing mouse	D. ruppi Dieterlen, 2009	South Sudan	Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [16] Habitat: Inland wetlands [29] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	DD  Unknown [29]
Vernay's climbing mouse	D. vernayi Hill & Carter, 1937	Angola	Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 8–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Savanna [30] Diet: Seeds, berries, insects, eggs, small lizards, and small birds [18]	DD  Unknown [30]

Genus Dendroprionomys – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Velvet climbing mouse	D. rousseloti Petter, 1966	Republic of the Congo	Size: About 8 cm (3 in) long, plus about 11 cm (4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Unknown [31] Diet: Insects [32]	DD  Unknown [31]

Genus Malacothrix – Candolle, 1838 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Gerbil mouse	M. typica (Smith, 1834)	Southern Africa	Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [16] Habitat: Desert, shrubland, and savanna [33] Diet: Green vegetation [32]	LC  Unknown [33]

Genus Megadendromus – Dieterlen & Rupp, 1978 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Nikolaus's mouse	M. nikolausi Dieterlen & Rupp, 1978	Ethiopia	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 9–11 cm (4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Shrubland [34] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	VU  Unknown [34]

Genus Prionomys – Dollman, 1910 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Dollman's tree mouse	P. batesi Dollman, 1910	West-central Africa	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 10–12 cm (4–5 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest [36] Diet: Insects [32]	DD  Unknown [36]

Genus Steatomys – Peters, 1846 – eight species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bocage's African fat mouse	S. bocagei (Thomas, 1892)	Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland [37] Diet: Seeds, grass bulbs, and insects [38]	LC  Unknown [37]
Dainty fat mouse	S. cuppedius Thomas & Hinton, 1920	Western Africa	Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 4–5 cm (2 in) tail [16] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [39] Diet: Seeds, grass bulbs, and insects [38]	LC  Unknown [39]
Fat mouse	S. pratensis Peters, 1846	Central and southern Africa	Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail [16] Habitat: Savanna and grassland [40] Diet: Seeds, grass bulbs, and insects [38]	LC  Unknown [40]
Jackson's fat mouse	S. jacksoni Hayman, 1936	Ghana and Nigeria	Size: About 12 cm (5 in) long, plus about 5 cm (2 in) tail [16] Habitat: Unknown [41] Diet: Seeds, grass bulbs, and insects [38]	DD  Unknown [41]
Krebs's fat mouse	S. krebsii Peters, 1852	Southern Africa	Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail [16] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [42] Diet: Seeds, grass bulbs, and insects [38]	LC  Unknown [42]
Northwestern fat mouse	S. caurinus Thomas, 1912	Western Africa	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [16] Habitat: Shrubland [43] Diet: Seeds, grass bulbs, and insects [38]	LC  Unknown [43]
Pousargues African fat mouse	S. opimus (Pousargues, 1894)	Central Africa	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest and savanna [44] Diet: Seeds, grass bulbs, and insects [38]	LC  Unknown [44]
Tiny fat mouse	S. parvus Rhoads, 1896	Eastern and southern Africa	Size: 5–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail [16] Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland [45] Diet: Seeds, grass bulbs, and insects [38]	LC  Unknown [45]

Subfamily Mystromyinae

Main article: Mystromyinae

Genus Mystromys – Wagner, 1841 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
White-tailed rat	M. albicaudatus (Smith, 1834)	Southern Africa	Size: 11–20 cm (4–8 in) long, plus 4–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [4] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [46] Diet: Seeds, vegetable matter, and insects [47]	VU  7,000–14,000 [46]

Subfamily Nesomyinae

Main article: Nesomyinae

Genus Brachytarsomys – Günther, 1875 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Hairy-tailed antsangy	B. villosa Petter, 1962	Northern Madagascar	Size: 23–24 cm (9 in) long, plus 26–27 cm (10–11 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [49] Diet: Fruit [50]	VU  Unknown [49]
White-tailed antsangy	B. albicauda Günther, 1875	Eastern Madagascar	Size: 22–23 cm (9 in) long, plus 22–24 cm (9 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [51] Diet: Fruit [50]	LC  Unknown [51]

Genus Brachyuromys – Forsyth Major, 1896 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Betsileo short-tailed rat	B. betsileoensis (Bartlett, 1880)	Eastern Madagascar	Size: 14–19 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [4] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands [52] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	LC  Unknown [52]
Gregarious short-tailed rat	B. ramirohitra Forsyth Major, 1896	Eastern Madagascar	Size: 14–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [4] Habitat: Forest [53] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	LC  Unknown [53]

Genus Eliurus – A. Milne-Edwards, 1885 – twelve species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Ankarana Special Reserve tufted-tailed rat	E. carletoni Goodman, Raheriarisena, & Jansa, 2009	Northern Madagascar	Size: 14–15 cm (6 in) long, plus 16–19 cm (6–7 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [54] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	LC  Unknown [54]
Daniel's tufted-tailed rat	E. danieli Goodman & Carleton, 2007	Southern Madagascar	Size: 15–16 cm (6 in) long, plus 17–20 cm (7–8 in) tail [48] Habitat: Shrubland [55] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	LC  Unknown [55]
Dormouse tufted-tailed rat	E. myoxinus A. Milne-Edwards, 1855	Northern, western, and southern Madagascar	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 12–17 cm (5–7 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [56] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	LC  Unknown [56]
Ellerman's tufted-tailed rat	E. ellermani Carleton, 1994	Eastern Madagascar	Size: About 15 cm (6 in) long, plus about 18 cm (7 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [57] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	DD  Unknown [57]
Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat	E. grandidieri Goodman & Carleton, 1998	Northeastern Madagascar	Size: 11–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 14–18 cm (6–7 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [58] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	LC  Unknown [58]
Lesser tufted-tailed rat	E. minor Forsyth Major, 1896	Northern and eastern Madagascar	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [59] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	LC  Unknown [59]
Major's tufted-tailed rat	E. majori Thomas, 1895	Eastern Madagascar	Size: 13–17 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [60] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	LC  Unknown [60]
Petter's tufted-tailed rat	E. petteri Carleton, 1994	Eastern Madagascar	Size: About 13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 19 cm (7 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [61] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	EN  Unknown [61]
Tanala tufted-tailed rat	E. tanala Forsyth Major, 1896	Eastern Madagascar	Size: 14–16 cm (6 in) long, plus 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [62] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	LC  Unknown [62]
Tsingy tufted-tailed rat	E. antsingy Goodman, Rakotondravony, & Carleton, 2001	Northern Madagascar	Size: 14–16 cm (6 in) long, plus 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [63] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	DD  Unknown [63]
Webb's tufted-tailed rat	E. webbi Ellerman, 1949	Eastern Madagascar	Size: 14–16 cm (6 in) long, plus 16–19 cm (6–7 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [64] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	LC  Unknown [64]
White-tipped tufted-tailed rat	E. penicillatus Thomas, 1908	East-central Madagascar	Size: About 15 cm (6 in) long, plus about 17 cm (7 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [65] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	EN  Unknown [65]

Genus Gymnuromys – Forsyth Major, 1896 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Voalavoanala	G. roberti Forsyth Major, 1896	Eastern Madagascar	Size: 15–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [66] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	LC  Unknown [66]

Genus Hypogeomys – Grandidier, 1869 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Malagasy giant rat	H. antimena Grandidier, 1869	Western Madagascar	Size: 30–34 cm (12–13 in) long, plus 21–24 cm (8–9 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [67] Diet: Fruit [68]	CR  5,000 [67]

Genus Macrotarsomys – A. Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1898 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bastard big-footed mouse	M. bastardi A. Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1898	Western Madagascar	Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest and shrubland [69] Diet: Berries, fruit, seeds, roots, and stems [50]	LC  Unknown [69]
Greater big-footed mouse	M. ingens (Petter, 1959)	Northern Madagascar	Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 18–24 cm (7–9 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [70] Diet: Berries, fruit, seeds, roots, and stems [50]	EN  Unknown [70]
Petter's big-footed mouse	M. petteri Goodman & Soarimalala, 2005	Southern Madagascar	Size: About 16 cm (6 in) long, plus about 24 cm (9 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [71] Diet: Berries, fruit, seeds, roots, and stems [50]	DD  Unknown [71]

Genus Monticolomys – Goodman & Carleton, 1996 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Malagasy mountain mouse	M. koopmani Goodman & Carleton, 1996	Northern, central, and southern Madagascar	Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [72] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	LC  Unknown [72]

Genus Nesomys – Peters, 1870 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Island mouse	N. rufus Peters, 1870	Eastern Madagascar	Size: 17–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 16–18 cm (6–7 in) tail [4] Habitat: Forest [73] Diet: Fruit and nuts [50]	LC  Unknown [73]
Western nesomys	N. lambertoni Grandidier, 1928	Western Madagascar	Size: 18–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 18–20 cm (7–8 in) tail [4] Habitat: Forest [74] Diet: Fruit and nuts [50]	EN  Unknown [74]
White-bellied nesomys	N. audeberti Jentink, 1879	Eastern Madagascar	Size: 19–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 16–18 cm (6–7 in) tail [4] Habitat: Forest [75] Diet: Fruit and nuts [50]	LC  Unknown [75]

Genus Voalavo – Goodman & Carleton, 1998 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Eastern voalavo	V. antsahabensis Goodman, Rakotondravony, Randriamanantsoa, & Rakotomalala-Razanahoera, 2005	Central Madagascar (in green)	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [76] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	EN  Unknown [76]
Northern voalavo	V. gymnocaudus Goodman & Carleton, 1998	Northern Madagascar (in red)	Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 12–13 cm (5 in) tail [48] Habitat: Forest [77] Diet: Likely vegetation and insects [35]	LC  Unknown [77]

Subfamily Petromyscinae

Main article: Petromyscinae

Genus Petromyscus – Thomas, 1926 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Barbour's rock mouse	P. barbouri Shortridge, 1938	South Africa	Size: 7–8 cm (3 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [4] Habitat: Shrubland and rocky areas [78] Diet: Omnivorous [5]	LC  Unknown [78]
Brukkaros pygmy rock mouse	P. monticularis (Thomas & Hinton, 1925)	Namibia and South Africa	Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [4] Habitat: Shrubland and rocky areas [79] Diet: Omnivorous [5]	LC  Unknown [79]
Pygmy rock mouse	P. collinus (Hinton, 1925)	Southwestern Africa	Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [4] Habitat: Shrubland and rocky areas [80] Diet: Omnivorous [5]	LC  Unknown [80]
Shortridge's rock mouse	P. shortridgei Thomas, 1926	Angola and Namibia	Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [4] Habitat: Shrubland and rocky areas [81] Diet: Omnivorous [5]	LC  Unknown [81]

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